국민교회

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
(국교회에서 넘어옴)

국민교회(national church)는 특정 민족 또는 국민국가에서만 믿는 기독교 교파다. 정교회는 원래 나라별로 독립교회/자치교회를 두기에 정교회가 세가 강한 국가에서는 정교회가 자동적으로 국민교회의 구실을 한다. 영국 성공회를 제외한 개신교 국민교회들은 19세기에 근대 국민주의가 흥하면서 그 개념이 주로 논의되었다.

덴마크 국민교회나 그리스 교회, 아이슬란드 복음루터교회처럼 공식적으로 국교로 지정되기도 한다.

국민교회 목록[편집]

나라 국교회 상위 교파
알바니아 알바니아 알바니아 정교회 동방정교회
아르메니아 아르메니아 아르메니아 사도교회[1] 오리엔트 정교회
불가리아 불가리아 불가리아 정교회[2] 동방정교회
덴마크 덴마크 덴마크 교회[3] 루터교
잉글랜드 잉글랜드 잉글랜드 국교회[4] 성공회
이집트 이집트 알렉산드리아 콥트 정교회[5] 오리엔트 정교회
에스토니아 에스토니아 에스토니아 복음루터교회[6] 루터교
에티오피아 에티오피아 에티오피아 터와흐도 정교회[7] 오리엔트 정교회
페로 제도 페로 제도 페로제도 교회[8] 루터교
핀란드 핀란드 핀란드 복음루터교회[9] & 핀란드 정교회[10] 루터교/동방정교회
프랑스 프랑스 프랑스 가톨릭교회 천주교
조지아 조지아 조지아 정교회[11] 동방정교회
독일 독일 독일 복음교회[12] 루터교-칼뱅교 합동교회
그리스 그리스 그리스 교회[13] 동방정교회
아이슬란드 아이슬란드 아이슬란드 복음루터교회[14] 루터교
북아일랜드 북아일랜드 아일랜드 국교회 성공회
아일랜드 아일랜드 아일랜드 가톨릭교회 천주교
이탈리아 이탈리아 이탈리아 가톨릭교회 천주교
레바논 레바논 안티오케이아 시리아 마론파 교회[15] 동방정교회
북마케도니아 북마케도니아 마케도니아 정교회[16] 동방정교회
노르웨이 노르웨이 노르웨이 교회[17] 루터교
포르투갈 포르투갈 포르투갈 가톨릭교회 천주교
루마니아 루마니아 루마니아 정교회 동방정교회
러시아 러시아 러시아 정교회[18] 동방정교회
스코틀랜드 스코틀랜드 스코틀랜드 교회[19] 칼뱅교
세르비아 세르비아 세르비아 정교회[20] 동방정교회
스웨덴 스웨덴 스웨덴 교회[21] 루터교
투발루 투발루 투발루 교회[22] 칼뱅교
우크라이나 우크라이나 우크라이나 정교회[23], 우크라이나 그리스 가톨릭교회 동방정교회, 동방천주교

각주[편집]

  1. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009년 1월 1일). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. 53쪽. ISBN 9781438110257. The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes referred to as the Gregorian Armenian Church by Western scholars, serves as the national church of the Armenian people. 
  2. ↑ Hall, Richard C. (2012년 1월 1일). The Modern Balkans: A History. Reaktion Books. 51쪽. ISBN 9781780230061. While this did not restore the Ohrid patriarchate, it did acknowledge the separation between the Orthodox church in Constantinople and the Bulgarian Orthodox church, which was now free to develop as the Bulgarian national church. 
  3. ↑ Venbrux, Eric; Quartier, Thomas; Venhorst, Claudia; Brenda Mathijssen (September 2013). Changing European Death Ways. LIT Verlag Münster. 178쪽. ISBN 9783643900678. Simultaneously the church tax, ministers being public servants, and the status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as the national church indicate that the state lends its support to the church. 
  4. ↑ Britannicus (1834). 《The Church of England》. 17쪽. Having, in my last, arrive at the great points which I wished to establish--the apostolicity, independence, and authority of the Church of England; and that she is necessarily the National Church, because Christianity is the National Religion. 
  5. ↑ Makari, Peter E. (2007). Conflict & Cooperation: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Egypt. Syracuse University Press. 42쪽. ISBN 9780815631446. The Coptic Orthodox Church is the historic, and national, church of Egypt and is deeply tied to a monastic tradition of spiritual growth and preparation for ministry of monks and nuns, a tradition that continues to thrive. 
  6. ↑ Elvy, Peter (1991). Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting. Edinburgh: CTPI. 23쪽. ISBN 9781870126151. Denominationally Estonia is Lutheran. During the time of national independence (1918-1940), 80% of the population belonged to the Lutheran National Church, about 17% were Orthodox Christians and the rest belonged to Free Churches. 
  7. ↑ Lorance, Cody (2008). Ethnographic Chicago. 140쪽. ISBN 9780615218625. Her findings show that the development of the national church of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which began in the fourth century and made Christianity the state religion of Ethiopia, was also a major contributor to national development in the fields of independence, social progress, national unity and empowerment, literary development, arts, architecture, music, publication, and declaration of a national language and leadership, both spiritually and military. 
  8. ↑ Proctor, James (2013년 5월 13일). Faroe Islands. Bradt Travel Guides. 19쪽. ISBN 9781841624563. Religion is important to the Faroese and 84% of the population belongs to the established national church in the islands, the Evangelical—Lutheran Foroya Kirkja, which has 61 churches in the Faroes and three out of every four marriages are held in one. 
  9. ↑ Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Britanncia Educational Publishing. 2013년 6월 1일. 77쪽. ISBN 9781615309955. One of Finland's national churches is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Evankelis—luterilainen—kirkko), or simply the Church of Finland. 
  10. ↑ Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. (2005). 《Language Planning and Policy in Europe》. Multilingual Matters. 147쪽. ISBN 9781853598111. Currently, a clear majority of the population belongs to the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church, and 1% of the population are members of the other national church, the Finnish Orthodox Church (see Table 7). 
  11. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010년 9월 21일). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. ABC-CLIO. 1195쪽. ISBN 9781598842043. The Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) is the Eastern Orthodox Christian body that serves as the national church of the Caucasian country of Georgia. The great majority of Georgians are members of the church. 
  12. ↑ Gelder, Craig Van (2008). The Missional Church and Denominations. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 71쪽. ISBN 9780802863584. Germany's two churches (the National Church for the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church) were “proper”with respect to their polities. 
  13. ↑ Miller, James Edward (2009). The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974. Univ of North Carolina Press. 12쪽. ISBN 9780807832479. The creation of a national church of Greece, which the patriarch reluctantly recognized in 1850, set a pattern for other emerging Balkan states to form national churches independent of Constantinople. 
  14. ↑ Wilcox, Jonathan; Latif, Zawiah Abdul (2006년 9월 1일). Iceland. Marshall Cavendish. 85쪽. ISBN 9780761420743. The National Church of Iceland, formally called the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, is the state religion, and the president of Iceland is its supreme authority. 
  15. ↑ Ajami, Fouad (2012년 5월 30일). The Syrian Rebellion. Hoover Press. 70쪽. ISBN 9780817915063. The Maronite Church is a national church. Its creed is attachment to Lebanon and its independence. The founding ethos of the Maronites is their migration from the Syrian plains to the freedom and “purity” of their home in Mount Lebanon. 
  16. ↑ Rae, Heather (2002년 8월 15일). State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples. Cambridge University Press. 278쪽. ISBN 9780521797085. The creation of a national Church was also central to building national identity, with the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC) established in 1967, much to the outrage of the Serbian Orthodox Church. 
  17. ↑ Cristofori, Rinaldo; Ferrari, Silvio (2013년 2월 28일). 《Law and Religion in the 21st Century: Relations between States and Religious Communities》. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 194쪽. ISBN 9781409497332. The State shall support all religious communities including the Church of Norway on an equal footing, but the Church of Norway shall 'remain the people's Church and is as such supported by the State', thereby upholding its function as a national Church. 
  18. ↑ 《National Identity and Foreign Policy: Nationalism and Leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine》. Cambridge University Press. 1998년 8월 13일. 155쪽. ISBN 9780521576970. Although nominally a national church, the Russian Orthodox Church developed from a defensive, nativist institution to the ideological foundation of an imperial idea.  이름 목록에서 |이름1=이(가) 있지만 |성1=이(가) 없음 (도움말)
  19. ↑ Morton, Andrew R. (1994). God's Will in a Time of Crisis: A Colloquium Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Baillie Commission. Edinburgh: CTPI. 14쪽. ISBN 9781870126274. In October 1929, the Established Church and the United Free Church were united to form the national Church of Scotland. 
  20. ↑ Tomasevich, Jozo (1975년 1월 1일). The Chetniks. Stanford University Press. 176쪽. ISBN 9780804708579. He also had the support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which as a national church long identified with the national destiny and aspirations of the Serbian people was naturally inclined to identify itself with the movement that had the backing of the king and the Servian-dominated government-in-exile. 
  21. ↑ Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. 354쪽. ISBN 9780521814560. The Church of Sweden could be characterised as 'national church' or 'folk church', but not as 'state church', because the independence of the church was expressed by the establishment of a Church Assembly in 1863. 
  22. ↑ West, Barbara A. (2009년 1월 1일). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. 845쪽. ISBN 9781438119137. A second important cultural feature of the Tuvaluan nation is the centrality of the national church, the Ekalesia o Tuvalu, or Church of Tuvalu, in which up to 97 percent of the population claims membership. 
  23. ↑ Velychenko, Stephen (1992년 1월 1일). National History as Cultural Process: A Survey of the Interpretations of Ukraine's Past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian Historical Writing from the Earliest Times to 1914. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. 199쪽. ISBN 9780920862759. For this reason the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was the true democratic national church of the Ukrainian nation. 
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