튀르키예인: 두 판 사이의 차이

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
내용 삭제됨 내용 추가됨
"Turkish people" 문서를 번역하여 만듦
편집 요약 없음
태그: 동음이의 링크
1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
{{민족 정보

| 너비 =
| 민족 = 튀르키예인<br />''Türkler''
| 그림 = Turks collage.png
| 그림크기 = 300px
| 인구전체 = 약 8,000만 명
| 인구거점 = {{국기나라|튀르키예}}<br/>{{국기나라|북키프로스}}
| 지역1 =
| 지역2 =
| 지역3 =
| 지역4 =
| 언어 = [[튀르키예어]]
| 현지어 =
| 종교 = '''대다수''': [[이슬람교]]([[수니파]])<br/>'''소수''': [[기독교]]([[개신교]]), [[무종교]]
| 민족계통 = [[오구즈 튀르크]]
| 기원발상 = [[오스만 튀르크]]
| 관련민족 = [[우즈벡인]], [[아제리인]], [[투르크멘인]]
}}
'''튀르키예인''' 또는 '''터키인'''({{Lang-tr|Türkler}})는 [[튀르키예어]]의 다양한 방언을 사용하며 [[튀르키예]]와 [[북키프로스]]에서 다수를 형성하는 [[튀르크족]]이다. 또한 [[오스만 제국]]의 다른 옛 영토에 걸쳐 수백년 된 튀르키예인 공동체가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 튀르키예 헌법 66조는 "튀르키예인"을 "시민권을 통해 튀르키예 국가에 귀속되는 모든 사람"으로 정의한다. 튀르키예 시민과 관련하여 "튀르키예인"이라는 용어의 법적 사용은 용어의 민족적 정의와 다르지만,<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a87kwv3fzicC|제목=The minority concept in the Turkish context: practices and perceptions in Turkey, Greece, and France|성=Akgönül|이름=Samim|날짜=2013|출판사=Brill|위치=Leiden|쪽=136|isbn=978-9004222113}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_skFDAAAQBAJ|제목=Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law|성=Bayir|이름=Derya|날짜=22 April 2016|isbn=978-1317095798}}</ref> 튀르키예 인구의 대다수(70~75%)는 튀르크족이다.<ref name="CIATurkey">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|제목=Turkey|웹사이트=[[The World Factbook]]|출판사=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|보존날짜=10 January 2021|url-status=dead|확인날짜=12 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population|제목=Turkey Demographics|웹사이트=World Population Review|확인날짜=26 September 2022}}</ref> 대다수의 튀르키예인은 [[무슬림]]이며 [[수니파]]와 [[알레비파]]를 따른다.<ref name="Mayer2010">{{인용|출판사=[[Westview Press]]}}</ref>
'''튀르키예인''' 또는 '''터키인'''({{Lang-tr|Türkler}})는 [[튀르키예어]]의 다양한 방언을 사용하며 [[튀르키예]]와 [[북키프로스]]에서 다수를 형성하는 [[튀르크족]]이다. 또한 [[오스만 제국]]의 다른 옛 영토에 걸쳐 수백년 된 튀르키예인 공동체가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 튀르키예 헌법 66조는 "튀르키예인"을 "시민권을 통해 튀르키예 국가에 귀속되는 모든 사람"으로 정의한다. 튀르키예 시민과 관련하여 "튀르키예인"이라는 용어의 법적 사용은 용어의 민족적 정의와 다르지만,<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a87kwv3fzicC|제목=The minority concept in the Turkish context: practices and perceptions in Turkey, Greece, and France|성=Akgönül|이름=Samim|날짜=2013|출판사=Brill|위치=Leiden|쪽=136|isbn=978-9004222113}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_skFDAAAQBAJ|제목=Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law|성=Bayir|이름=Derya|날짜=22 April 2016|isbn=978-1317095798}}</ref> 튀르키예 인구의 대다수(70~75%)는 튀르크족이다.<ref name="CIATurkey">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|제목=Turkey|웹사이트=[[The World Factbook]]|출판사=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|보존날짜=10 January 2021|url-status=dead|확인날짜=12 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population|제목=Turkey Demographics|웹사이트=World Population Review|확인날짜=26 September 2022}}</ref> 대다수의 튀르키예인은 [[무슬림]]이며 [[수니파]]와 [[알레비파]]를 따른다.<ref name="Mayer2010">{{인용|출판사=[[Westview Press]]}}</ref>


10번째 줄: 27번째 줄:
=== 선사시대, 고대, 중세 초기 ===
=== 선사시대, 고대, 중세 초기 ===
오늘날 튀르키예인들의 주된 거주지인 [[아나톨리아|아나톨리아 반도]]에는 [[구석기 시대|구석기]] 시대에 처음 수렵채집민이 거주하기 시작하였으며, 고대에는 아나톨리아인들이 거주했다.{{Sfn|Stokes|Gorman|2010b}}{{Cref|a}} 기원전 334년 알렉산드로스 대왕의 정복 이후, 아나톨리아 지역은 헬레니즘화되었고, 기원전 1세기에 이르러서는 토착 아나톨리아어파 언어들이 멸종되었다고 일반적으로 생각된다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDJNg5Nyef0C&pg=PA1|제목=The Elements of Hittite|성=Theo van den Hout|날짜=27 October 2011|출판사=Cambridge University Press|쪽=1|isbn=978-1-139-50178-1|확인날짜=24 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ND_CE9If3kC|제목=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE)|성=Sharon R. Steadman|성2=Gregory McMahon|날짜=15 September 2011|출판사=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537614-2|확인날짜=23 March 2013}}</ref>
오늘날 튀르키예인들의 주된 거주지인 [[아나톨리아|아나톨리아 반도]]에는 [[구석기 시대|구석기]] 시대에 처음 수렵채집민이 거주하기 시작하였으며, 고대에는 아나톨리아인들이 거주했다.{{Sfn|Stokes|Gorman|2010b}}{{Cref|a}} 기원전 334년 알렉산드로스 대왕의 정복 이후, 아나톨리아 지역은 헬레니즘화되었고, 기원전 1세기에 이르러서는 토착 아나톨리아어파 언어들이 멸종되었다고 일반적으로 생각된다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDJNg5Nyef0C&pg=PA1|제목=The Elements of Hittite|성=Theo van den Hout|날짜=27 October 2011|출판사=Cambridge University Press|쪽=1|isbn=978-1-139-50178-1|확인날짜=24 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ND_CE9If3kC|제목=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE)|성=Sharon R. Steadman|성2=Gregory McMahon|날짜=15 September 2011|출판사=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537614-2|확인날짜=23 March 2013}}</ref>
== 튀르키예인의 분포 ==
* [[튀르키예]]
* [[독일]]
* [[불가리아]]
* [[네덜란드]]
* [[프랑스]]
* [[마케도니아 공화국]]
* [[그리스]]
* [[키프로스]] ([[북키프로스]])
* [[루마니아]]
* [[러시아]]
* [[미국]]
* [[영국]]


== 튀르키예인의 국가 ==
== 인용주 ==
* [[셀주크 제국]] (1037년–1194년)
 
* [[룸 술탄국]] (1077년–1307년)
* [[오스만 제국]] (1299년–1923년)
* [[튀르키예]] (1923년–현재)
{| align=center
|-
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:Seljuk Empire locator map.svg|섬네일|230px|가운데|1092년의 [[셀주크 제국]]([[:en:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]]: 1037–1194)의 최대 판도]]
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum 1190 Locator Map.svg|섬네일|250px|[[룸 술탄국]]([[:en:Sultanate of Rum|Sultanate of Rum]]: 1077–1307)]]
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png|섬네일|230px|가운데|[[오스만 제국]]([[:en:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]: 1299–1923)]]
|}


== 참조주 ==
== 언어 ==
거의 대부분의 튀르키예인들은 [[튀르키예어]]를 사용한다. 터키 동부 지방에는 쿠르드인들과 함께 [[쿠르드어]]를 쓰는 터키인들도 있다. 남동부, 시리아 국경 지방에는 가끔 [[아랍어]]를 사용하는 튀르키예인들도 살고 있다.


== 종교 ==
튀르키예인의 98%가 [[수니파]] [[이슬람교]]를 믿으며 [[시아파]]를 믿는 사람도 있다. 나머지 2%는 개신교이다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[재독일 터키인]]([[:en:Turks in Germany]]) - 터키계 독일인들도 포함
* [[튀르크족]]
* 오구즈족
== 각주 ==
=== 인용주 ===

=== 참조주 ===
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== 서지 ==
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== 추가 자료 ==
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* {{cite report |title=Cyprus: Bridging the Property Divide |series=Europe Report N°210 |date=9 December 2010 |publisher=International Crisis Group |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103083632/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx |archive-date=3 November 2011 }}
* {{cite report |title=Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation? |series=Middle East Report N°81 |date=13 November 2008 |publisher=International Crisis Group |url-status=dead |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx |archive-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112131324/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx }}
* {{citation|year=2002|title=Population by ethnic groups, regions, counties and areas|place=Romania|publisher=National Institute of Statistics|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol5/tables/t16.pdf}}
* {{citation |year=2008|title=The Report: Algeria 2008|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-902339-09-2}}.
{{refend}}
== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류|People of Turkey}}

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2023년 3월 18일 (토) 18:13 판

튀르키예인
Türkler
총인구
약 8,000만 명
언어
튀르키예어
종교
대다수: 이슬람교(수니파)
소수: 기독교(개신교), 무종교
민족계통
오구즈 튀르크
기원·발상 오스만 튀르크
근연민족 우즈벡인, 아제리인, 투르크멘인

튀르키예인 또는 터키인(튀르키예어: Türkler)는 튀르키예어의 다양한 방언을 사용하며 튀르키예북키프로스에서 다수를 형성하는 튀르크족이다. 또한 오스만 제국의 다른 옛 영토에 걸쳐 수백년 된 튀르키예인 공동체가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 튀르키예 헌법 66조는 "튀르키예인"을 "시민권을 통해 튀르키예 국가에 귀속되는 모든 사람"으로 정의한다. 튀르키예 시민과 관련하여 "튀르키예인"이라는 용어의 법적 사용은 용어의 민족적 정의와 다르지만,[1][2] 튀르키예 인구의 대다수(70~75%)는 튀르크족이다.[3][4] 대다수의 튀르키예인은 무슬림이며 수니파알레비파를 따른다.[5]

따라서 투르크족은 다양한 문화적, 지역적 변종으로 구별될 수 있지만 별개의 민족으로 기능하지는 않는다.[6][5] 특히 아나톨리아의 튀르크 문화는 튀르키예 국민주의 이념의 밑바탕이 되고 영향을 미쳤다.[6] 다른 튀르크 집단으로는 역사적으로 발칸 반도에 위치한 루멜리안 튀르크인;[5][7] 키프로스섬의 튀르키예계 키프로스인, 원래 조지아 메스케티에 기반을 둔 메스케티안 튀르크인;[8] 중동 전역의 튀르키예인,[5] 레반트의 "투르크멘인"(예: 이라크 투르크멘, 시리아 투르크멘, 레바논 투르크멘 등) 등이 포함된다.[9] 결과적으로 투르크족은 불가리아에서 가장 큰 소수민족이 되었으며, 이라크,[10] 리비아, 북마케도니아, 시리아, 코소보에서 두번째로 큰 소수민족이 되었다. 그들은 또한 그리스서트라키아, 루마니아도브루자, 레바논악카르에서 실질적인 공동체를 형성할뿐만 아니라 다른 오스만 제국 이후의 발칸 및 중동 국가에서도 소수 집단을 형성하고 있다. 19세기 이후 오스만 투르크 시대의 무슬림 박해 이후 인종 청소를 피해 도망친 대량 이민 물결은 대량 이주로 이어졌다. 이 튀르키예인 공동체는 모두 이전 오스만 땅 밖에서의 튀르키예인 디아스포라 형성에 기여했다. 1870년에서 1923년 사이에 약 200만 명의 투르크인이 학살되었고 그곳을 탈출한 사람들은 무하키르로 튀르키예에 정착했다.[11][12][13][14] 투르크인의 대량 이민은 또한 오스트리아,[15] 덴마크,[16] 독일,[17]네덜란드에서 가장 큰 소수 민족 그룹을 형성하도록 이끌었다.[17] 유럽의 다른 지역뿐만 아니라 북미, 호주구소련 국가들에도 튀르키예인 공동체가 있다. 튀르키예인은 세계에서 13번째로 큰 민족이다.

11세기 셀주크 투르크의 정복을 통해 중앙아시아의 투르크인들이 아나톨리아에 정착했다. 이로 인해 이전에 알렉산드로스 대왕에 의해 헬레니즘화된 후 주로 그리스어를 사용하는 지역이었던 지역이 튀르키예 무슬림 지역으로 변모하기 시작했다.[18][19][20] 오스만 제국은 수세기에 걸쳐 발칸 반도, 남캅카스, 중동, 북아프리카와 이란 일부 등 수많은 영토를 차지하게 되었다. 제국은 제1차 세계 대전이 끝날 때까지 지속되었으며, 그 때 연합군에 의해 패배하고 분할되었다. 연합군에게 빼앗긴 영토의 상당 부분을 튀르키예 국민 운동이 수복하면서 튀르키예 독립 전쟁이 끝난 이후, 1922년 11월 1일 튀르키예 국민 운동이 오스만 제국을 종식시키고 1923년 10월 29일 튀르키예 공화국을 선포했다.

역사

선사시대, 고대, 중세 초기

오늘날 튀르키예인들의 주된 거주지인 아나톨리아 반도에는 구석기 시대에 처음 수렵채집민이 거주하기 시작하였으며, 고대에는 아나톨리아인들이 거주했다.[21][a] 기원전 334년 알렉산드로스 대왕의 정복 이후, 아나톨리아 지역은 헬레니즘화되었고, 기원전 1세기에 이르러서는 토착 아나톨리아어파 언어들이 멸종되었다고 일반적으로 생각된다.[22][23]

튀르키예인의 분포

튀르키예인의 국가

1092년의 셀주크 제국(Seljuk Empire: 1037–1194)의 최대 판도
룸 술탄국(Sultanate of Rum: 1077–1307)
오스만 제국(Ottoman Empire: 1299–1923)

언어

거의 대부분의 튀르키예인들은 튀르키예어를 사용한다. 터키 동부 지방에는 쿠르드인들과 함께 쿠르드어를 쓰는 터키인들도 있다. 남동부, 시리아 국경 지방에는 가끔 아랍어를 사용하는 튀르키예인들도 살고 있다.

종교

튀르키예인의 98%가 수니파 이슬람교를 믿으며 시아파를 믿는 사람도 있다. 나머지 2%는 개신교이다.

같이 보기

각주

인용주

참조주

  1. Akgönül, Samim (2013). 《The minority concept in the Turkish context: practices and perceptions in Turkey, Greece, and France》. Leiden: Brill. 136쪽. ISBN 978-9004222113. 
  2. Bayir, Derya (2016년 4월 22일). 《Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law》. ISBN 978-1317095798. 
  3. “Turkey”. 《The World Factbook》. Central Intelligence Agency. 2021년 1월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 12월 12일에 확인함. 
  4. “Turkey Demographics”. 《World Population Review》. 2022년 9월 26일에 확인함. 
  5. , Westview Press  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  6. , United States Government Publishing Office  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  7. , Directorate General of Press and Information  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  8. , Routledge  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  9. , Harrassowitz Verlag  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  10. , Taylor & Francis  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  11. Biondich, Mark (2011년 2월 17일). 《The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878》 (영어). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929905-8. In the period between 1878 and 1912, as many as two million Muslims emigrated voluntarily or involuntarily from the Balkans. When one adds those who were killed or expelled between 1912 and 1923, the number of Muslim casualties from the Balkan far exceeds three million. By 1923 fewer than one million remained in the Balkans 
  12. Gibney, Matthew J.; Hansen, Randall (2005). 《Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present》. Internet Archive. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-796-2. 
  13. Howard, Douglas A. (Douglas Arthur) (2001). 《The history of Turkey》. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30708-9. 
  14. 《The Middle East, Abstracts and Index》 (영어). Northumberland Press. 1999. 
  15. , United States Government Publishing Office  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  16. , Routledge  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  17. , Policy Press  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  18. Davison, Roderic H. (2013). 《Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West》. University of Texas Press. 3–4쪽. ISBN 978-0292758940. 2018년 8월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 9월 22일에 확인함. So the Seljuk sultanate was a successor state ruling part of the medieval Greek empire, and within it the process of Turkification of a previously Hellenized Anatolian population continued. That population must already have been of very mixed ancestry, deriving from ancient Hittite, Phrygian, Cappadocian, and other civilizations as well as Roman and Greek. 
  19. . Routledge.  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  20. Sahadeo, Jeff; Zanca, Russell (2007). 《Everyday life in Central Asia : past and present》. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 22–23쪽. ISBN 978-0253013538. 
  21. Stokes & Gorman 2010b.
  22. Theo van den Hout (2011년 10월 27일). 《The Elements of Hittite》. Cambridge University Press. 1쪽. ISBN 978-1-139-50178-1. 2013년 3월 24일에 확인함. 
  23. Sharon R. Steadman; Gregory McMahon (2011년 9월 15일). 《The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE)》. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537614-2. 2013년 3월 23일에 확인함. 

서지

추가 자료

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