사용자:배우는사람/문서:신들의 계보

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.

서론[편집]

1~115행: 서사·무사 여신의 기원 및 작자가 노래하게 된 경위[편집]

HYMN TO THE MUSES

[1] From the Heliconian Muses let us begin to sing, who hold the great and holy mount of Helicon, and dance on soft feet about the deep-blue spring and the altar of the almighty son of Cronos, and, when they have washed their tender bodies in Permessus or in the Horse's Spring or Olmeius, make their fair, lovely dances upon highest Helicon and move with vigorous feet. Thence they arise and go abroad by night, veiled in thick mist, and utter their song with lovely voice, praising Zeus the aegis-holder and queenly Hera of Argos who walks on golden sandals and the daughter of Zeus the aegis-holder bright-eyed Athene, and Phoebus Apollo, and Artemis who delights in arrows, and Poseidon the earth-holder who shakes the earth, and reverend Themis and quick-glancing1 Aphrodite, and Hebe with the crown of gold, and fair Dione, Leto, Iapetus, and Cronos the crafty counsellor, Eos and great Helius and bright Selene, Earth too, and great Oceanus, and dark Night, and the holy race of all the other deathless ones that are for ever. And one day they taught Hesiod glorious song while he was shepherding his lambs under holy Helicon, and this word first the goddesses said to me – the Muses of Olympus, daughters of Zeus who holds the aegis: "Shepherds of the wilderness, wretched things of shame, mere bellies, we know how to speak many false things as though they were true; but we know, when we will, to utter true things.”

[29] So said the ready-voiced daughters of great Zeus, and they plucked and gave me a rod, a shoot of sturdy laurel, a marvellous thing, and breathed into me a divine voice to celebrate things that shall be and things there were aforetime; and they bade me sing of the race of the blessed gods that are eternally, but ever to sing of themselves both first and last. But why all this about oak or stone?2

[36] Come thou, let us begin with the Muses who gladden the great spirit of their father Zeus in Olympus with their songs, telling of things that are and that shall be and that were aforetime with consenting voice. Unwearying flows the sweet sound from their lips, and the house of their father Zeus the loud-thunderer is glad at the lily-like voice of the goddesses as it spread abroad, and the peaks of snowy Olympus resound, and the homes of the immortals. And they uttering their immortal voice, celebrate in song first of all the reverend race of the gods from the beginning, those whom Earth and wide Heaven begot, and the gods sprung of these, givers of good things. Then, next, the goddesses sing of Zeus, the father of gods and men, as they begin and end their strain, how much he is the most excellent among the gods and supreme in power. And again, they chant the race of men and strong giants, and gladden the heart of Zeus within Olympus, -- the Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus the aegis-holder.

[53] Them in Pieria did Mnemosyne (Memory), who reigns over the hills of Eleuther, bear of union with the father, the son of Cronos, a forgetting of ills and a rest from sorrow. For nine nights did wise Zeus lie with her, entering her holy bed remote from the immortals. And when a year was passed and the seasons came round as the months waned, and many days were accomplished, she bare nine daughters, all of one mind, whose hearts are set upon song and their spirit free from care, a little way from the topmost peak of snowy Olympus. There are their bright dancing-places and beautiful homes, and beside them the Graces and Himerus (Desire) live in delight. And they, uttering through their lips a lovely voice, sing the laws of all and the goodly ways of the immortals, uttering their lovely voice. Then went they to Olympus, delighting in their sweet voice, with heavenly song, and the dark earth resounded about them as they chanted, and a lovely sound rose up beneath their feet as they went to their father. And he was reigning in heaven, himself holding the lightning and glowing thunderbolt, when he had overcome by might his father Cronos; and he distributed fairly to the immortals their portions and declared their privileges.

[75] These things, then, the Muses sang who dwell on Olympus, nine daughters begotten by great Zeus, Cleio and Euterpe, Thaleia, Melpomene and Terpsichore, and Erato and Polyhymnia and Urania and Calliope,3 who is the chiefest of them all, for she attends on worshipful princes: whomsoever of heaven-nourished princes the daughters of great Zeus honour, and behold him at his birth, they pour sweet dew upon his tongue, and from his lips flow gracious words. All the people look towards him while he settles causes with true judgements: and he, speaking surely, would soon make wise end even of a great quarrel; for therefore are there princes wise in heart, because when the people are being misguided in their assembly, they set right the matter again with ease, persuading them with gentle words. And when he passes through a gathering, they greet him as a god with gentle reverence, and he is conspicuous amongst the assembled: such is the holy gift of the Muses to men. For it is through the Muses and far-shooting Apollo that there are singers and harpers upon the earth; but princes are of Zeus, and happy is he whom the Muses love: sweet flows speech from his mouth. For though a man have sorrow and grief in his newly-troubled soul and live in dread because his heart is distressed, yet, when a singer, the servant of the Muses, chants the glorious deeds of men of old and the blessed gods who inhabit Olympus, at once he forgets his heaviness and remembers not his sorrows at all; but the gifts of the goddesses soon turn him away from these.

[104] Hail, children of Zeus! Grant lovely song and celebrate the holy race of the deathless gods who are for ever, those that were born of Earth and starry Heaven and gloomy Night and them that briny Sea did rear. Tell how at the first gods and earth came to be, and rivers, and the boundless sea with its raging swell, and the gleaming stars, and the wide heaven above, and the gods who were born of them, givers of good things, and how they divided their wealth, and how they shared their honours amongst them, and also how at the first they took many-folded Olympus. These things declare to me from the beginning, ye Muses who dwell in the house of Olympus, and tell me which of them first came to be.

그리스 태초신[편집]

THE COSMOGONY

116~122행: 최초의 네가지 힘들: 카오스·가이아·타르타로스·에로스[편집]

[116] Verily at the first Chaos (카오스: 텅 빈 공간, 무 無, 혼돈의 신) came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth (가이아 Gaia: 땅의 여신), the ever-sure foundations of all[1] the deathless ones who hold the peaks of snowy Olympus, and dim Tartarus (타르타로스: 지하의 남신) in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth (가이아: 땅의 여신), and Eros (Love 에로스: 사랑의 남신), fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves the limbs and overcomes the mind and wise counsels of all gods and all men within them.

123행: 카오스의 자녀들 - 에레보스·닉스[편집]

[123] From Chaos (카오스: 텅 빈 공간, 무 無) came forth Erebus (에레보스: 어둠 · 암흑의 남신) and black Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신);

124~125행: 에레보스와 닉스의 자녀들 - 아이테르·헤메라[편집]

[124] but of Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신) were born Aether (아이테르: 대기의 남신)[2] and Day (헤메라 Hemera: 낮의 남신), whom she conceived and bare from union in love with Erebus (에레보스: 어둠 · 암흑의 남신) .

126~133행: 가이아의 자녀들 - 우라노스·우로스·폰토스[편집]

[126] And Earth (가이아 Gaia: 땅의 여신) first

  1. bare starry Heaven (우라노스, Uranus: 하늘의 남신), equal to herself, to cover her on every side, and to be an ever-sure abiding-place for the blessed gods.
  2. And she brought forth long Hills (우로스 ourea: 산의 남신, mountains), graceful haunts (자주 가는 곳) of the goddess-Nymphs (님프: 정령, 하급 여신) who dwell amongst the glens (협곡) of the hills.
  3. She (가이아) bare also the fruitless deep with his (폰토스) raging swell, Pontus (폰토스: 바다의 남신), without sweet union of love.

티탄족의 탄생과 그리스 태초신의 시대의 종말[편집]

가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들[편집]

134~138행: 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들 - 티탄족들[편집]

CASTRATION OF URANUS (우라노스의 거세)

[134] But afterwards she (가이아) lay with Heaven (우라노스, Uranus: 하늘의 남신) and bore

  1. deep-swirling Oceanus (오케아노스: 남신, 대지를 둘러싼 거대한 강, World Ocean, an enormous river encircling the world),
  2. Coeus (코이오스: 남신, celestial axis) and
  3. Crius (크리오스: 남신, 후손이 더 유명) and
  4. Hyperion (히페리온: 남신, 태양신, lord of light, Titan of the east) and
  5. Iapetus (이아페토스: 남신, 후손이 더 유명),
  6. Theia (테이아: 여신, 바다의 여신) and
  7. Rhea (레아: 여신, 제우스의 모친, 대지의 여신),
  8. Themis (테미스: 여신, 법과 정의의 여신) and
  9. Mnemosyne (므네모시네: 여신, 기억의 여신) and
  10. gold-crowned Phoebe (포이베: 여신, 후손이 더 유명) and
  11. lovely Tethys (테튀스: 여신).
  12. After them was born Cronos (크로노스: 남신, 제우스의 부친, 농경의 신) the wily, youngest and most terrible of her children, and he hated his lusty sire (아비, 즉 우라노스).

139~154행: 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들 - 키클롭스와 헤카톤케이레스[편집]

[139] 키클롭스: 브론테스·스케로페스·아르게스[편집]

[139] And again, she (가이아) bare the Cyclopes (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,

  1. Brontes (브론테스: Thunder, 천둥장이, Thunderer), and
  2. Steropes (스테로페스: Lightning, 번개장이, Lightener) and
  3. stubborn-hearted Arges (아르게스: Bright, 번쩍이는 자, Vivid One),[3]

who (세 명이 함께) gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:

in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed (원형의, 둥근) eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.

[147] 헤카톤케이레스: 코토스·브리아레오스·기게스[편집]

[147] And again, three other sons (헤카톤케이레스, Hecatonchires) were born of Earth (가이아) and Heaven (우라노스), great and doughty beyond telling,

  1. Cottus (코토스) and
  2. Briareos (브리아레오스) and
  3. Gyes (기게스), presumptuous (건방진) children.

From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.

우라노스의 악행과 거세[편집]

우라노스의 악행[편집]

For of all the children that were born of Earth (가이아) and Heaven (우라노스), these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father (우라노스) from the first. And he (우라노스) used to hide them (퀴클롭스헤카톤케이레스) all away in a secret place of Earth (가이아) so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven (우라노스) rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth (가이아) groaned (신음 소리를 내다) within, being straitened (곤란받게 하다), and she made the element of grey flint (부싯돌) and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons.

163~173행: 가이아의 분노와 계획[편집]

[163] And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed (화가 난) in her dear heart: “My children, gotten of a sinful father, if you will obey me, we should punish the vile outrage (절대로 용납할 수 없는 잔인무도한 일) of your father; for he first thought of (우선 ...을 생각하다) doing shameful things.”

[167] So she said; but fear seized them all, and none of them uttered a word. But great Cronos (크로노스: 남신, 제우스의 부친, 농경의 신) the wily (교활한) took courage and answered his dear mother: “Mother, I will undertake to do this deed, for I reverence not our father of evil name, for he first thought of (우선 ...을 생각하다) doing shameful things.”

[173] So he said: and vast Earth (가이아) rejoiced greatly in spirit, and set and hid him in an ambush (매복), and put in his hands a jagged (삐죽삐죽한) sickle, and revealed to him the whole plot.

176행: 우라노스를 거세함[편집]

[176] And Heaven (우라노스) came, bringing on night and longing for love, and he lay about Earth (가이아) spreading himself full upon her.[4] Then the son from his ambush (매복) stretched forth his left hand and in his right took the great long sickle with jagged teeth, and swiftly lopped off (자르다) his own father's members and cast them away to fall behind him.

우라노스의 피로부터 탄생함: 에리니에스·기간테스·멜리아이[편집]

And not vainly did they fall from his hand; for all the bloody drops that gushed forth (쏟아 내다) Earth (가이아) received, and as the seasons moved round she bare

  1. the strong Erinyes (에리니에스: 저주와 복수의 세 여신, Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone) and
  2. the great Giants (기간테스) with gleaming armour, holding long spears in their hands and
  3. the Nymphs whom they call Meliae (멜리아이: 물푸레나무의 요정)[5] all over the boundless earth.

우라노스의 거세물로부터 생겨남: 아프로디테[편집]

And so soon as he (크로노스: 남신, 제우스의 부친, 농경의 신) had cut off the members with flint and cast them from the land into the surging sea, they were swept away over the main a long time: and a white foam spread around them from the immortal flesh, and in it there grew a maiden. First she drew near holy Cythera (키티라 섬), and from there, afterwards, she came to sea-girt (바다에 둘러싸인) Cyprus, and came forth an awful and lovely goddess, and grass grew up about her beneath her shapely feet. Her gods and men call Aphrodite (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스), and the foam-born goddess and rich-crowned Cytherea (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스), because she grew amid the foam, and Cytherea (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) because she reached Cythera (키티라 섬), and Cyprogenes (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) because she was born in billowy Cyprus, and Philommedes (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스)[6] because sprang from the members.

에로스가 아프로디테와 동반함[편집]

And with her went Eros (에로스), and comely (어여쁜) Desire (에로스) followed her at her birth at the first and as she went into the assembly of the gods. This honour she has from the beginning, and this is the portion allotted to her amongst men and undying gods, -- the whisperings of maidens and smiles and deceits (기만) with sweet delight and love and graciousness.

[207] 가이아와 우라노스 간에 태어난 자녀들을 티탄족이라 부름[편집]

[207] But these sons whom be begot himself great Heaven (우라노스) used to call Titans (티탄) (Strainers) in reproach, for he said that they strained and did presumptuously a fearful deed, and that vengeance for it would come afterwards.

티탄족의 시대[편집]

211~232행: 티탄 신족들의 자녀들 - 밤과 불화 (不和)의 자녀들 - 운명·죽음·비난 등등[편집]

[211] 밤의 자녀들[편집]

THE SPIRITS OF NIGHT

[211] And Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신) bare

  1. hateful Doom (모로스: 운명의 남신, Destiny) and
  2. black Fate (케르, 케레스: 죽음의 여신, 복수형, Destruction, Violent Death) and
  3. Death (타나토스: 죽음의 남신, Death), and she bare
  4. Sleep (히프노스: 잠의 남신) and
  5. the tribe of Dreams (오네이로이: 꿈의 남신들). And again the goddess murky Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신), though she lay with none, bare
  6. Blame (모모스: 비난의 남신) and
  7. painful Woe (오이지스: 괴로움의 여신), and
  8. the Hesperides (헤스페리데스: 님프들) who guard the rich, golden apples and the trees bearing fruit beyond glorious Ocean. Also she bare
  9. the Destinies (케르, 케레스: 죽음의 여신들, Destruction, Violent Death) and
  10. ruthless avenging Fates (모이라이: 운명의 여신들, 세 자매 - 클로토, 라케시스, 아트로포스),
    1. Clotho (클로토: 운명의 여신) and
    2. Lachesis (라케시스: 운명의 여신) and
    3. Atropos (아트로포스: 운명의 여신),[7] who give men at their birth both evil and good to have, and they pursue the transgressions of men and of gods: and these goddesses never cease from their dread anger until they punish the sinner with a sore penalty. Also deadly Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신) bare
  11. Nemesis (네메시스: 복수와 보복의 여신) (Indignation) to afflict mortal men, and after her,
  12. Deceit (아파테: 사기의 여신) and
  13. Friendship (필로테스: 성(性)적 갈망의 여신) and
  14. hateful Age (게라스: 노령의 남신) and
  15. hard-hearted Strife (에리스: 불화(不和)의 여신).

[226] 불화의 자녀들[편집]

[226] But abhorred Strife (에리스: 불화(不和)의 여신) bare

  1. painful Toil (포노스: 노역의 남신) and
  2. Forgetfulness (레테: 망각의 여신) and
  3. Famine (리모스: 기근의 여신) and
  4. tearful Sorrows (알고스: 고통과 슬픔의 여신들),
  5. Fightings (히스미나이: 전쟁의 여신들) also,
  6. Battles (마크하이: 전쟁의 남신들과 여신들),
  7. Murders (포노이: 살인의 남신들),
  8. Manslaughters (안드로크타시아이: 과실치사의 여신들),
  9. Quarrels (네이케아: 분쟁의 여신들),
  10. Lying Words (프세우도로고이: 거짓의 남신들과 여신들),
  11. Disputes (암필로기아이: 논쟁의 여신들),
  12. Lawlessness (디스노미아: 무법의 여신들) and
  13. Ruin (아테: 몰락과 오류의 여신), all of one nature, and
  14. Oath (호르코스: 서약의 남신) who most troubles men upon earth when anyone wilfully swears a false oath.

233~336행: 티탄 신족들의 자녀들 - 폰토스의 자녀들 - 네레우스·네레이스·포르퀴스와 케토스·메두사·에키드나[편집]

[233] 폰토스와 가이아의 자녀들[편집]

THE SEA GODS

[233] And Sea (폰토스: 바다의 남신) begat

  1. Nereus (네레우스: 바다의 노인, 물과 바다의 남신), the eldest of his children, who is true and lies not: and men call him the Old Man because he is trusty and gentle and does not forget the laws of righteousness, but thinks just and kindly thoughts. And yet again he got
  2. great Thaumas (타우마스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 경이로움) and
  3. proud Phoreys, being mated with Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연), and
  4. fair-cheeked Ceto (케토스: 바다의 여신, 위험한 바다, 바다 괴물) and
  5. Eurybia (에우리비아: 바다의 소여신) who has a heart of flint within her.

[240] 네레우스와 도리스의 50명의 딸: 네레이데스[편집]

[240] And of Nereus (네레우스: 바다의 노인, 물과 바다의 남신) and rich-haired Doris (도리스: 바다의 요정, 오케아니데스), daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신) the perfect river, were born children,[8] passing lovely amongst goddesses,

  1. Ploto (플로토, 네레이드),
  2. Eucrante (에우크란테, 네레이드, 훌륭한 완수),
  3. Sao (사오, 네레이드, 구해주는 여인), and
  4. Amphitrite (암피트리테, 네레이드, 포세이돈의 아내), and
  5. Eudora (에우도레, 네레이드, 잘 베푸는여인), and
  6. Thetis (테티스, 네레이드, 아킬레우스의 어머니),
  7. Galene (갈레네, 네레이드, 차분한 여인) and
  8. Glauce (글라우케, 네레이드, 반짝이는 여인),
  9. Cymothoe (퀴모토에, 네레이드)
  10. Speo (스페이오, 네레이드, 동굴여인),
  11. Thoe (토에, 네레이드) and
  12. lovely Halie (할리에), and
  13. Pasithea (파시테아, 네레이드, 모든 신들의 여인), and
  14. Erato (에라토, 네레이드, 사랑스런 여인), and
  15. rosy-armed Eunice (에우니케, 네레이드, 훌륭한 승리의 여인), and
  16. gracious Melite (멜리테, 네레이드, 꿀처럼 달콤한 여인), and
  17. Eulimene (에울리메네, 네레이드, 항구를 좋아하는 여인), and
  18. Agaue (아가우에, 네레이드, 고귀한 여인),
  19. Doto (도토, 네레이드, 베푸는 여인),
  20. Proto (프로토, 네레이드, 출발의 여인),
  21. Pherusa (페로우사, 네레이드, 날라다주는 여인), and
  22. Dynamene (뒤나메네, 네레이드, 능력있는 여인), and
  23. Nisaea (네사이에, 네레이드, 섬의 여인), and
  24. Actaea (아크타이에, 네레이드, 갑(岬), and
  25. Protomedea (프로토메데이아, 네레이드, 미리 돌보는 여인),
  26. Doris (도리스, 네레이드, 베푸는 여인)
  27. Panopea (파노페, 네레이드, 모든 것을 보는 여인), and
  28. comely Galatea (갈라테이아, 네레이드, 쟂빛 여인), and
  29. lovely Hippothoe (히포토에, 네레이드, 말처럼 날랜 여인), and
  30. rosy-armed Hipponoe (히포노에, 네레이드, 말의 마음을 가진 여인), and
  31. Cymodoce (퀴모도케, 네레이드, 파도를 받아들이는 여인) who with Cymatolege (퀴마토레게, 네레이드, 파도를 진정시키는 여인)[9] and Amphitrite (암피트리테, 네레이드, 포세이돈의 아내) easily calms the waves upon the misty sea and the blasts of raging winds, and
  32. Cymo (퀴모, 네레이드), and
  33. Eione (에이오네, 네레이드, 해안여인), and
  34. rich-crowned Alimede (알리메데, 네레이드), and
  35. Glauconome (글라우코노메, 네레이드, 빛나게 다스리는 여인), fond of laughter, and
  36. Pontoporea (폰토포레이아, 네레이드, 바다를 순항하는 여인),
  37. Leagore (레이아고레, 네레이드, 부드럽게 연설하는 여인),
  38. Euagore (에우아고레, 네레이드, 연설 잘하는 여인), and
  39. Laomedea (라오메데이아, 네레이드, 백성을 돌보는 여인), and
  40. Polynoe (포울리노에, 네레이드, 생각을 많이 하는 여인), and
  41. Autonoe (아우토노에, 네레이드, 스스로 생각하는 여인), and
  42. Lysianassa (뤼시아나사, 네레이드, 푸는 여인), and
  43. Euarne (에우아르네, 네레이드, 양떼를 좋아하는 여인), lovely of shape and without blemish of form, and
  44. Psamathe (프사메테, 네레이드, 모래여인) of charming figure and
  45. divine Menippe (메니페, 네레이드, 말처럼 용감한 여인),
  46. Neso (네소, 네레이드, 섬 여인),
  47. Eupompe (에우폼페, 네레이드, 잘 호송해주는 여인),
  48. Themisto (테미소토, 네레이드, 올곶은 여인),
  49. Pronoe (프로노에, 네레이드), and
  50. Nemertes (네메르테스, 네레이드)[10] who has the nature of her deathless father.

These fifty daughters sprang from blameless Nereus (네레우스: 바다의 노인, 물과 바다의 남신), skilled in excellent crafts.

[265] 타우마스와 엘렉트라의 자녀들[편집]

[265] And Thaumas (타우마스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 경이로움) wedded Electra (엘렉트라: 바다의 요정, 오케아니데스, 타우마스의 부인) the daughter of deep-flowing Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신), and she bare him

  1. swift Iris (이리스: 무지개의 여신, 신들의 전령사 여신) and
  2. the long-haired Harpies (하르피이아: 하피, 날개 달린 여자 모습의 정령들 - 아엘로, 오키페테, 켈라이노),
    1. Aello (아엘로: 하피) (Storm-swift) and
    2. Ocypetes (오키페테: 하피) (Swift-flier) who on their swift wings keep pace with the blasts of the winds and the birds; for quick as time they dart along.

동물들과 몬스터들: 포르퀴스와 케토스의 후손들[편집]

THE BESTIARY (동물 우화집)

[270] 포르퀴스와 케토스의 자녀들: 괴물들 - 포르키데스[편집]

[270] And again, Ceto (케토스: 바다의 여신, 위험한 바다, 바다 괴물) bare to Phorcys (포르퀴스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 숨은 위험)

  1. the fair-cheeked Graiae (그라이아이: 노파들, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸들), sisters grey from their birth: and both deathless gods and men who walk on earth call them Graiae,
    1. Pemphredo (페프레도: 그라이아이 즉 노파들의 하나, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸) well-clad, and
    2. saffron-robed Enyo (엔뉘오: 그라이아이 즉 노파들의 하나, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸), and
  2. the Gorgons (고르고: 세 명의 고르곤 자매, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸들) who dwell beyond glorious Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신) in the frontier land towards Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신) where are the
    1. clear-voiced Hesperides (헤스페리데스: 라돈, Drakon Hesperios, 거대한 뱀, 황금사과를 지키는 드래곤, 포르키스와 케토스의 아들),
    2. Sthenno (스텐노: 고르곤, 힘쎈 여자, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸), and
    3. Euryale (에우리알레: 고르곤, 멀리 떠돌아다니는 여자, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸), and
    4. Medusa (메두사: 고르곤, 여왕, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸)

고르고에 대하여: 메두사·스텐노·에우리알레[편집]

[Medusa 메두사] who suffered a woeful fate: she was mortal, but the two [Sthenno 스텐노Euryale 에우리알레] were undying and grew not old. With her (메두사) lay the Dark-haired One (포세이돈)[11] in a soft meadow amid spring flowers.

페가수스와 크리사오르에 대하여[편집]

And when Perseus (페르세우스: 반신) cut off her (메두사) head, there sprang forth great Chrysaor (크리사오르: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 페가수스의 형제) and the horse Pegasus (페가수스: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 크리사오르의 형제, 말) who is so called because he was born near the springs (pegae) of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신); and that other, because he held a golden blade (aor) in his hands.

페가수스[편집]

Now Pegasus (페가수스: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 크리사오르의 형제, 말) flew away and left the earth, the mother of flocks, and came to the deathless gods: and he dwells in the house of Zeus (제우스) and brings to wise Zeus the thunder and lightning.

크리사오르와 칼리로에의 아들: 게리온[편집]

But Chrysaor (크리사오르: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 페가수스의 형제) was joined in love to Callirrhoe (칼리로에: 나이아스, 물의 요정, 세 명의 남편: 크리사오르 · 닐로스 · 포세이돈), the daughter of glorious Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신), and begot three-headed Geryones (게리온: 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 아들, 메두사의 손자, 3개의 머리와 몸을 가진 괴물). Him mighty Heracles slew in sea-girt (바다에 둘러싸인) Erythea (에리테이아: 님프들인 헤스페리데스가 돌보는 정원이 있는, 세상 서쪽 끝에 있는 섬) by his (게리온) shambling (느릿느릿한) oxen on that day when he (게리온) drove the wide-browed (이마가 넓은) oxen to holy Tiryns (티린스: 펠로폰네소스 반도의 아르골리스에 있었던 미케네의 고대 도시), and had crossed the ford (여울) of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신) and killed Orthus (오르토스: 게리온의 소떼를 돌본 머리가 2개인 개) and Eurytion (에우리티온: 게리온의 소떼를 돌본 목동) the herdsman in the dim (어둑함) stead out (채우다) beyond glorious Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신).

[295] 에키드나: 포르키스와 케토스의 딸 혹은 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 딸[편집]

[295] And in a hollow cave she (케토스 혹은 칼리로에) bare another monster, irresistible, in no wise like either to mortal men or to the undying gods, even the goddess fierce Echidna (에키드나: 거대한 뱀, 반인반수, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸 혹은 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 딸, 모든 몬스터의 어머니) who is half a nymph with glancing eyes and fair cheeks, and half again a huge snake, great and awful, with speckled skin, eating raw flesh beneath the secret parts of the holy earth. And there she has a cave deep down under a hollow rock far from the deathless gods and mortal men. There, then, did the gods appoint her a glorious house to dwell in: and she keeps guard in Arima (아리마: 반인반사의 여신인 에키드나가 사는, 지하의 비밀한 곳) beneath the earth, grim (음침한) Echidna (에키드나: 거대한 뱀, 반인반수, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸 혹은 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 딸, 모든 몬스터의 어머니), a nymph who dies not nor grows old all her days.

[306] 에키드나와 티폰의 자녀들[편집]

[306] Men say that Typhaon (티폰: 가장 무서운 몬스터, 가이아와 타르타로스의 마지막 아들, 모든 몬스터들의 아버지) the terrible, outrageous and lawless, was joined in love to her (에키드나), the maid with glancing eyes. So she (에키드나) conceived and brought forth fierce offspring; first she bare

  1. Orthus (오르토스: 게리온의 소떼를 돌본 2두견, 에키드나와 티폰의 아들) the hound of Geryones (게리온: 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 아들, 메두사의 손자, 3개의 머리와 몸을 가진 괴물), and then again she bare a second, a monster not to be overcome and that may not be described,
  2. Cerberus (케르베로스: 50두견, 3두견, 에키드나와 티폰의 아들) who eats raw flesh, the brazen-voiced hound of Hades, fifty-headed, relentless and strong. And again she (에키드나) bore a third,
  3. the evil-minded Hydra of Lerna (히드라: 9두사, 에키드나와 티폰의 아들), whom the goddess, white-armed Hera nourished, being angry beyond measure with the mighty Heracles. And her Heracles, the son of Zeus, of the house of Amphitryon, together with warlike Iolaus, destroyed with the unpitying sword through the plans of Athene the spoil-driver. She (에키드나) was the mother of
  4. Chimaera (키마이라: 사자 · 뱀 · 염소의 합성, 에키드나와 티폰의 아들) who breathed raging fire, a creature fearful, great, swift-footed and strong, who had three heads, one of a grim-eyed lion; in her hinderpart, a dragon; and in her middle, a goat, breathing forth a fearful blast of blazing fire. Her did Pegasus (페가수스: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 크리사오르의 형제, 말) and noble Bellerophon (벨레로폰: 헤라클레스 이전의 가장 위대한 영웅이며 괴물의 처단자, 코린토스의 왕 글라우스코스의 아들) slay;

에키드나와 오르토스의 자녀들[편집]

but Echidna (에키드나: 거대한 뱀, 반인반수, 포르키스와 케토스의 딸 혹은 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 딸, 모든 몬스터의 어머니) was subject in love to Orthus (오르토스: 게리온의 소떼를 돌본 2두견, 에키드나와 티폰의 아들) and brought forth the deadly

  1. Sphinx (스핑크스: 여자의 얼굴에 몸은 사자, 독수리 날개를 가진 괴물, 에키드나와 오르토스의 딸) which destroyed the Cadmeans, and the
  2. Nemean lion (네메아의 사자: 식인 사자, 에키드나와 오르토스의 아들), which Hera, the good wife of Zeus, brought up and made to haunt the hills of Nemea, a plague to men. There he (네메아의 사자) preyed upon the tribes of her (헤라) own people and had power over Tretus of Nemea and Apesas: yet the strength of stout Heracles overcame him.

[333] And Ceto (케토스: 바다의 여신, 위험한 바다, 바다 괴물) was joined in love to Phorcys (포르퀴스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 숨은 위험) and bare her youngest, the awful snake who guards the apples all of gold in the secret places of the dark earth at its great bounds. This is the offspring of Ceto (케토스: 바다의 여신, 위험한 바다, 바다 괴물) and Phorcys (포르퀴스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 숨은 위험).

334~370행: 티탄 신족들의 자녀들 - 오케아노스와 강(江)의 자식들 - 오케아니스들 및 강들의 목록[편집]

THE TITAN GODS

[334] 오케아노스와 테티스의 자녀들 - 오케아니스[편집]

[334] And Tethys (테티스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 바다의 여신, 3000 오케아니스의 어머니) bare to Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) eddying (소용돌이 치는) rivers (오케아니스),

  1. Nilus (닐로스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 나일강의 남신), and
  2. Alpheus (알페우스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  3. deep-swirling Eridanus (에리다노스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  4. Strymon (스트리몬: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  5. Meander (스트리몬: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 터키 남부의 멘데레스강의 남신), and
  6. the fair stream of Ister (이스테르: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 다뉴브강의 남신), and
  7. Phasis (파시스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 리오니강의 남신), and
  8. Rhesus (레소스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  9. the silver eddies of Achelous (아켈로우스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  10. Nessus (네소스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  11. Rhodius (로디오스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  12. Haliacmon, and
  13. Heptaporus (헵타포로스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  14. Granicus (그라니코스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  15. Aesepus (이세포스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  16. holy Simois (시모이스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  17. Peneus (페네오스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  18. Hermus (헤르모스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  19. Caicus (카이코스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신) fair stream, and
  20. great Sangarius (산가이로스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  21. Ladon (라돈: 거대한 뱀, 황금사과를 지키는 드래곤, 포르키스와 케토스의 아들),
  22. Parthenius (파르테니오스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  23. Euenus (이우에노스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신),
  24. Ardescus (아르데스코스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신), and
  25. divine Scamander (스카만데르: 오케아노스와 테티스의 아들, 강의 남신).

[346] Also she brought forth a holy company of daughters[12] who with the lord Apollo and the Rivers have youths in their keeping -- to this charge Zeus appointed them --

  1. Peitho (페이토: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  2. Admete (아드에테: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  3. Ianthe (이안테: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  4. Electra (엘렉트라: 바다의 요정, 오케아니데스, 타우마스의 부인), and
  5. Doris (도리스: 바다의 요정, 오케아니데스), and
  6. Prymno (프림노: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  7. Urania (우라니아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) divine in form,
  8. Hippo (힙포: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  9. Clymene (클리메네: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  10. Rhodea (로데아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  11. Callirrhoe (칼리로에: 나이아스, 물의 요정, 세 명의 남편: 크리사오르 · 닐로스 · 포세이돈),
  12. Zeuxo and
  13. Clytie (클리티에: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  14. Idyia (이디이아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  15. Pasithoe (파시토에: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  16. Plexaura (플렉사우라: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  17. Galaxaura (갈락사우라: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  18. lovely Dione (디오네: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  19. Melobosis and
  20. Thoe (토에, 네레이드) and
  21. handsome Polydora (폴리도라: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  22. Cerceis (케르케이스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) lovely of form, and
  23. soft eyed Pluto (플루토: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  24. Perseis (페르세이스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  25. Ianeira (이아네이라: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  26. Acaste (아카스테: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  27. Xanthe (크산테: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  28. Petraea (페트라에아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) the fair,
  29. Menestho (메네스토: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  30. Europa (에우로파: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  31. Metis (메티스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  32. Eurynome (에우리노메: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  33. Telesto (텔레스토: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) saffron-clad,
  34. Chryseis (크리세이스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) and
  35. Asia (아시아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) and charming
  36. Calypso (칼립소: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  37. Eudora (에우도레, 네레이드, 잘 베푸는여인), and
  38. Tyche (티케: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신),
  39. Amphirho (암피로: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  40. Ocyrrhoe (오키로에: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), and
  41. Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) who is the chiefest of them all.

These are the eldest daughters that sprang from Ocean and Tethys; but there are many besides. For there are three thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) who are dispersed far and wide, and in every place alike serve the earth and the deep waters, children who are glorious among goddesses. And as many other rivers are there, babbling (재잘거리는) as they flow, sons of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지), whom queenly Tethys (테티스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 바다의 여신, 3000 오케아니스의 어머니) bare, but their names it is hard for a mortal man to tell, but people know those by which they severally dwell.

371~410행: 티탄 신족들의 자녀들 - 히페리온과 테이아·크리오스와 에우리비아·아스트라이오스와 에오스·팔라스와 스틱스·코이오스와 포이베의 자녀들[편집]

[371] 히페리온과 테이아의 자녀들 - 히페리오니데스: 헬리오스(아들) · 셀레네(딸) · 에오스(딸)[편집]

[371] And Theia (테이아: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 뜻은 '신성한, 여신') was subject in love to Hyperion (히페리온: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 'the High-One') and bare

  1. great Helius (Sun) (헬리오스: 태양의 남신, 테이아와 히페리온의 아들) and
  2. clear Selene (Moon) (셀레네: 달의 여신, 테이아와 히페리온의 딸) and
  3. Eos (Dawn) (에오스: 새벽의 여신, 테이아와 히페리온의 딸) who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven.

[375] 크리오스와 에우리비아의 자녀들 - 크리오니데스(Krionides): 아스트라이오스(아들) · 팔라스(아들) · 페르세스(아들)[편집]

[375] And Eurybia (에우리비아: 바다의 소여신, 폰토스와 가이아의 딸), bright goddess, was joined in love to Crius (크리오스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 후손들로 더 유명, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 세 아들: 아스트라이오스 · 팔라스 · 페르세스) and bare

  1. great Astraeus (아스트라이오스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들, 황혼의 신), and
  2. Pallas (팔라스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들), and
  3. Perses (페르세스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들, 파괴의 신) who also was eminent among all men in wisdom.

[378] 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 자녀들: 제피로스(아들) · 보레아스(아들) · 노토스(아들) · 헤오스포로스(아들)[편집]

[378] And Eos (에오스: 새벽의 여신, 테이아와 히페리온의 딸) bare to Astraeus (아스트라이오스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들, 황혼의 신) the strong-hearted winds (아네모이: 4명의 바람의 남신, 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 4아들),

  1. brightening Zephyrus (제피로스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 봄의 서풍의 남신), and
  2. Boreas (보레아스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 겨울의 북풍의 남신), headlong in his course, and
  3. Notus (노토스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 여름의 남풍의 남신), -- a goddess mating in love with a god. And after these Erigenia[13] (에오스: 새벽의 여신, 테이아와 히페리온의 딸) bare
  4. the star Eosphorus (Dawn-bringer) (포스포로스 Light-Bringer, 헤오스포로스 Dawn-bringer: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 금성의 남신), and
  5. the gleaming (빛나는, 환한) stars with which heaven is crowned.

[383] 팔라스와 스틱스의 자녀들 - 스틱티데스(Styktides): 젤로스(아들) · 니케(딸) · 크라토스(아들) · 비아(딸)[편집]

[383] And Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신, 세상과 지하세계의 경계에 흐르는 강) the daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) was joined to Pallas (팔라스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들) and bare

  1. Zelus (Emulation) (젤로스: 스틱티데스(Styktides), 팔라스와 스틱스의 아들, 열정 · 열심 · 경쟁의 남신) and
  2. trim-ankled Nike (Victory) (니케: 스틱티데스(Styktides), 팔라스와 스틱스의 딸, 정복과 승리의 여신) in the house. Also she (스틱스) brought forth
  3. Cratos (Strength) (크라토스: 스틱티데스(Styktides), 팔라스와 스틱스의 아들, 강함과 파워의 남신) and
  4. Bia (Force) (비아: 스틱티데스(Styktides), 팔라스와 스틱스의 딸, 힘의 여신), wonderful children.

These have no house apart from Zeus, nor any dwelling nor path except that wherein God leads them, but they dwell always with Zeus the loud-thunderer. For so did Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신, 세상과 지하세계의 경계에 흐르는 강) the deathless daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) plan on that day when the Olympian Lightener called all the deathless gods to great Olympus, and said that whosoever of the gods would fight with him against the Titans (티탄), he would not cast him out from his rights, but each should have the office which he had before amongst the deathless gods. And he declared that he who was without office and rights as is just. So deathless Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신, 저승에 흐르는 강) came first to Olympus with her children through the wit (지혜) of her dear father (오케아노스). And Zeus honoured her, and gave her very great gifts, for her he appointed to be the great oath of the gods, and her children to live with him always. And as he promised, so he performed fully unto them all. But he himself mightily reigns and rules.

[404] 코이오스와 포이베의 자녀들 - 코이오니데스(Koionides): 레토(딸) · 아스테리아(딸)[편집]

[404] Again, Phoebe (포이베: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, '밝게 빛나는, radiant, bright, prophetic') came to the desired embrace of Coeus (코이오스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 후손들로 더 유명, 코이오스와 포이베의 자녀: 레토 · 아스테리아). Then the goddess through the love of the god conceived and brought forth

  1. dark-gowned Leto (레토: 코이오니데스(Koionides), 코이오스와 포이베의 딸, 제우스와의 사이에서 아폴론과 아르테미스를 낳음), always mild, kind to men and to the deathless gods, mild from the beginning, gentlest in all Olympus. Also she (포이베) bare
  2. Asteria (아스테리아: 코이오니데스(Koionides), 코이오스와 포이베의 딸, 페르세스와의 사이에서 헤카테를 낳음) of happy name, whom Perses (페르세스: 크리오니데스, 크리오스와 에우리비아의 아들, 파괴의 신) once led to his great house to be called his dear wife.

410~452행: 헤카테의 찬가 - 헤카테의 능력 및 영향력[편집]

HYMN TO HECATE

[410] 헤카테: 페르세스와 아스테리아의 딸 - 유일한 자녀[편집]

[410] And she (아스테리아) conceived and bare

  1. Hecate (헤카테: 페르세스와 아스테리아의 딸, Cosmic World Soul, Moon, magic, witchcraft, sorcery) whom Zeus the son of Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) honoured above all.

He (제우스) gave her (헤카테) splendid gifts, to have a share of the earth and the unfruitful sea. She (헤카테) received honour also in starry heaven, and is honoured exceedingly by the deathless gods. For to this day, whenever any one of men on earth offers rich sacrifices and prays for favour according to custom, he calls upon Hecate (헤카테: 페르세스와 아스테리아의 딸, Cosmic World Soul, Moon, magic, witchcraft, sorcery). Great honour comes full easily to him whose prayers the goddess (헤카테) receives favourably, and she bestows wealth upon him; for the power surely is with her. For as many as were born of Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) and Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) amongst all these she has her due portion. The son of Cronos (즉, 제우스) did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea. Also, because she is an only child, the goddess receives not less honour, but much more still, for Zeus honours her. Whom she will she greatly aids and advances: she sits by worshipful kings in judgement, and in the assembly whom she will is distinguished among the people. And when men arm themselves for the battle that destroys men, then the goddess is at hand to give victory and grant glory readily to whom she will. Good is she also when men contend at the games, for there too the goddess is with them and profits them: and he who by might and strength gets the victory wins the rich prize easily with joy, and brings glory to his parents. And she is good to stand by horsemen, whom she will: and to those whose business is in the grey discomfortable sea, and who pray to Hecate (헤카테: 페르세스와 아스테리아의 딸, Cosmic World Soul, Moon, magic, witchcraft, sorcery) and the loud-crashing Earth-Shaker, easily the glorious goddess gives great catch, and easily she takes it away as soon as seen, if so she will. She is good in the byre (외양간, 우사) with Hermes to increase the stock. The droves (무리) of kine (암소, 소) and wide herds of goats and flocks of fleecy (양털 같은, 푹신한) sheep, if she will, she increases from a few, or makes many to be less. So, then. albeit (비록 …일지라도) her mother's (아스테리아) only child,[14] she is honoured amongst all the deathless gods. And the son of Cronos made her a nurse of the young who after that day saw with their eyes the light of all-seeing Dawn. So from the beginning she is a nurse of the young, and these are her honours.

올림포스 신들의 탄생·성장과 티탄족의 종말[편집]

453~500행: 제우스 남매들의 탄생 - 크로노스와 레아의 자녀[편집]

CHILDREN OF CRONUS

[453] But Rhea (레아: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 'the mother of gods') was subject in love to Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) and bare splendid children,

  1. Hestia (헤스티아: 테오이 올림피오이, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 화덕 · 가정 · 가정의 질서의 여신),[15]
  2. Demeter (데메테르: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 곡물과 수확의 여신), and
  3. gold-shod Hera (헤라: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 누이이자 부인) and
  4. strong Hades (하데스: 테오이 크토니오이, 크로노스와 레아의 아들, 죽음과 지하세계의 남신), pitiless in heart, who dwells under the earth, and
  5. the loud-crashing Earth-Shaker (포세이돈: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 바다 · 지진 · 돌풍의 남신), and
  6. wise Zeus (제우스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 아들, 그리스 신화의 주신, 남신), father of gods and men, by whose thunder the wide earth is shaken.

크로노스가 자식들을 삼킴[편집]

These great Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) swallowed as each came forth from the womb to his mother's (가이아? 레아?) knees with this intent, that no other of the proud sons of Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) should hold the kingly office amongst the deathless gods. For he (크로노스) learned from Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) and starry Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) that he (크로노스) was destined to be overcome by his own son, strong though he was, through the contriving (용케 …하다) of great Zeus.[16] Therefore he kept no blind outlook, but watched and swallowed down his children: and unceasing grief seized Rhea (레아: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 'the mother of gods').

제우스의 탄생과 피신[편집]

But when she (레아) was about to bear Zeus, the father of gods and men, then she besought her own dear parents, Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) and starry Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들), to devise some plan with her that the birth of her dear child might be concealed, and that retribution (응징) might overtake great, crafty Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) for his own father and also for the children whom he had swallowed down. And they readily heard and obeyed their dear daughter, and told her all that was destined to happen touching Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) the king and his stout-hearted (용감한, 굳센) son.

고대 그리스의 릭토스
고대 그리스의 릭토스
고대 그리스의 릭토스(Lyctus, Λύττος)

So they (우라노스가이아) sent her (레아) to Lyetus (릭토스: 크레타 섬의 도시), to the rich land of Crete, when she (레아) was ready to bear great Zeus, the youngest of her children. Him (제우스) did vast Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) receive from Rhea (레아: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 'the mother of gods') in wide Crete to nourish and to bring up. Thither came Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) carrying him swiftly through the black night to Lyctus (릭토스: 크레타 섬의 도시) first, and took him (제우스) in her (가이아? 레아?) arms and hid him in a remote cave beneath the secret places of the holy earth on thick-wooded Mount Aegeum; but to the mightily ruling son (크로노스) of Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들), the earlier king of the gods, she (가이아? 레아?) gave a great stone wrapped in swaddling clothes. Then he took it in his hands and thrust it down into his belly: wretch (가엾은[불쌍한] 사람)!

제우스의 유년기[편집]

he (크로노스) knew not in his heart that in place of the stone his son (제우스) was left behind, unconquered and untroubled, and that he was soon to overcome him by force and might and drive him from his honours, himself to reign over the deathless gods.

[492] 제우스의 성장과 크로노스의 패퇴[편집]

[492] After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince (제우스) increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친) the wily (교활한) was beguiled (구슬리다) by the deep suggestions of Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연), and brought up again his offspring, vanquished (완파하다) by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it (돌) fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly (크기가 상당한) Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men.[17]

501~506행: 타르타로스에 감금된 키클롭스의 해방[편집]

And he (제우스) set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) whom his father (크로노스) in his foolishness had bound. And they (키클롭스) remembered to be grateful to him (제우스) for his kindness, and gave him thunder (천둥) and the glowing thunderbolt (벼락) and lightening (번갯불): for before that, huge Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) had hidden these. In them (제우스의 형제자매) he (제우스) trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.

507~616행: 이아페토스의 아들들과 제우스[편집]

507~520행: 아틀라스·메노이티오스·프로메테우스·에피메테우스 - 이아페티오니데스(Iapetionides)[편집]

PROMETHEUS

[507] Now Iapetus (이아페토스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 'the Piercer') took to wife the neat-ankled mad Clymene (클리메네: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지), and went up with her into one bed. And she bare him

  1. a stout-hearted (용감한, 굳센) son, Atlas (아틀라스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 티탄의 편에서 제우스와 싸음): also she bare
  2. very glorious Menoetius (메노이티오스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들) and
  3. clever Prometheus (프로메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 선각자, 먼저 생각하는 사람), full of various wiles (술책, 계략), and
  4. scatter-brained (정신이 산만한) Epimetheus (에피메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 후각자, 나중에 생각하는 자)

[Epimetheus] who from the first was a mischief (짓궂은, 말썽꾸러기의) to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed.

But Menoetius was outrageous (너무나 충격적인, 언어도단인, 아주 별난, 터무니없는), and far-seeing (선견 지명이 있는) Zeus struck him with a lurid ((색깔이) 야한[야단스러운], 충격적인, 끔찍한) thunderbolt and sent him down to Erebus because of his mad presumption (주제넘음, 건방짐) and exceeding pride.

And Atlas through hard constraint (제약) upholds the wide heaven with unwearying (지치지 않는) head and arms, standing at the borders of the earth before the clear-voiced Hesperides (헤스페리데스: 라돈, Drakon Hesperios, 거대한 뱀, 황금사과를 지키는 드래곤, 포르키스와 케토스의 아들); for this lot wise Zeus assigned to him.

521~616행: 프로메테우스의 이야기 - 프로메테우스의 처벌·최초의 여인 판도라[편집]

[521] 프로메테우스가 간이 독수리에 쪼이는 형벌을 받음[편집]

[521] And ready-witted (기지가 있는) Prometheus (프로메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 선각자, 먼저 생각하는 사람) he bound with inextricable (빠져 나갈 수 없는) bonds, cruel chains, and drove a shaft through his middle, and set on him a long-winged eagle, which used to eat his immortal liver; but by night the liver grew as much again everyway as the long-winged bird devoured in the whole day.

헤라클레스가 프로메테우스를 구출함[편집]

That bird Heracles, the valiant (용맹한) son of shapely-ankled (균형 잡힌 발목을 한) Alcmene (알크메네: 헤라클레스의 어머니, 암피트리온의 아내, 암피트리온으로 가장한 제우스와의 사이에 헤라클레스를 낳음), slew; and delivered the son (프로메테우스) of Iapetus (이아페토스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 'the Piercer') from the cruel plague (괴롭힘), and released him from his affliction -- not without the will of Olympian Zeus who reigns on high, that the glory of Heracles the Theban-born might be yet greater than it was before over the plenteous earth. This, then, he regarded, and honoured his famous son; though he was angry, he ceased from the wrath which he had before because Prometheus (프로메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 선각자, 먼저 생각하는 사람) matched himself in wit with the almighty son (제우스) of Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친).

[545] 프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 몫에 대해 제우스를 속임[편집]

[545] For when the gods and mortal men had a dispute at Mecone, even then Prometheus (프로메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 선각자, 먼저 생각하는 사람) was forward to cut up a great ox and set portions before them, trying to befool the mind of Zeus. Before the rest he set flesh and inner parts thick with fat upon the hide, covering them with an ox paunch (배); but for Zeus he put the white bones dressed up with cunning art and covered with shining fat. Then the father of men and of gods said to him: “Son of Iapetus, most glorious of all lords, good sir, how unfairly you have divided the portions!”

[545] So said Zeus whose wisdom is everlasting, rebuking him. But wily Prometheus answered him, smiling softly and not forgetting his cunning trick: “Zeus, most glorious and greatest of the eternal gods, take which ever of these portions your heart within you bids." So he said, thinking trickery. But Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, saw and failed not to perceive the trick, and in his heart he thought mischief against mortal men which also was to be fulfilled. With both hands he took up the white fat and was angry at heart, and wrath came to his spirit when he saw the white ox-bones craftily (교활하게) tricked out (치장하다): and because of this the tribes of men upon earth burn white bones to the deathless gods upon fragrant altars.

[558] But Zeus who drives the clouds was greatly vexed (분하다, 약오르다) and said to him: “Son of Iapetus, clever above all! So, sir, you have not yet forgotten your cunning arts!”

[560] 프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 제우스를 인간에게 불을 주지 않으려 함(불을 철회함)[편집]

[560] So spake Zeus in anger, whose wisdom is everlasting; and from that time he was always mindful of (생각하다) the trick, and would not give the power of unwearying (지치지 않는) fire to the Melian[18] race of mortal men who live on the earth.

프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 프로메테우스가 불을 훔쳐 인간에게 줌[편집]

But the noble son of Iapetus outwitted him and stole the far-seen gleam (어슴푸레[희미하게] 빛나다) of unwearying fire in a hollow fennel stalk.

프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 제우스가 판도라를 인간에게 보냄[편집]

And Zeus who thunders on high was stung in spirit, and his dear heart was angered when he saw amongst men the far-seen ray of fire. Forthwith (곧, 당장) he made an evil thing for men as the price of fire; for the very famous Limping God (헤파이스토스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 기술 · 대장장이 · 장인 · 공예가 · 조각가 · 금속 · 야금 · 불의 남신) formed of earth the likeness of a shy maiden as the son of Cronos willed. And the goddess bright-eyed Athene (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신) girded (둘러싸다, 묶다, 매다) and clothed her with silvery raiment (옷), and down from her head she spread with her hands a broidered (수를 놓다) veil, a wonder to see; and she, Pallas Athene (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신), put about her head lovely garlands, flowers of new-grown herbs. Also she put upon her head a crown of gold which the very famous Limping God (헤파이스토스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 기술 · 대장장이 · 장인 · 공예가 · 조각가 · 금속 · 야금 · 불의 남신) made himself and worked with his own hands as a favour to Zeus his father. On it was much curious work, wonderful to see; for of the many creatures which the land and sea rear up, he put most upon it, wonderful things, like living beings with voices: and great beauty shone out from it.

[585] But when he (헤파이스토스) had made the beautiful evil (판도라) to be the price for the blessing, he (헤파이스토스) brought her (판도라) out, delighting in the finery (화려한 옷과 보석) which the bright-eyed daughter of a mighty father had given her (판도라), to the place where the other gods and men were. And wonder took hold of the deathless gods and mortal men when they saw that which was sheer guile (완전 속임수, 전적인 속임수), not to be withstood by men.

프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 판도라로 인한 2가지 재앙[편집]

[590] For from her (판도라) is the race of women and female kind: of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets (배우자, 특히 아내) in hateful poverty, but only in wealth. And as in thatched (짚으로 지붕을 덮은) hives bees feed the drones (수벌) whose nature is to do mischief -- by day and throughout the day until the sun goes down the bees are busy and lay the white combs, while the drones (수벌) stay at home in the covered skeps (꿀벌집) and reap the toil of others into their own bellies – even so Zeus who thunders on high made women to be an evil to mortal men, with a nature to do evil. And he (제우스) gave them a second evil to be the price for the good they had: whoever avoids marriage and the sorrows that women cause, and will not wed, reaches deadly old age without anyone to tend his years, and though he at least has no lack of livelihood (생계 수단) while he lives, yet, when he is dead, his kinsfolk divide his possessions amongst them. And as for the man who chooses the lot of marriage and takes a good wife suited to his mind, evil continually contends with good; for whoever happens to have mischievous children, lives always with unceasing grief in his spirit and heart within him; and this evil cannot be healed.

[613] 프로메테우스가 형벌을 받기까지의 과정: 프로메테우스가 형벌을 받음[편집]

[613] So it is not possible to deceive or go beyond the will of Zeus; for not even the son of Iapetus, kindly Prometheus (프로메테우스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 선각자, 먼저 생각하는 사람), escaped his heavy anger, but of necessity strong bands confined him, although he knew many a wile.

617~735행: 티탄족들과의 전쟁: 티타노마키아 - 헤카톤케이레스의 해방·티탄족의 제압·제우스의 번개[편집]

THE TITANOMACHY

[617] 헤카톤케이레스가 타르타로스에 재감금된 것에 대하여[편집]

[617] But when first their father (레아의 자식들의 아버지, 즉 크로노스) was vexed (약오르다) in his heart with Obriareus (브리아레오스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Vigorous, sea goat) and Cottus (코토스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Striker or Furious) and Gyes (기게스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Big-Limbed), he (크로노스) bound them (헤카톤케이레스) in cruel bonds (굴레, 속박: 타르타로스), because he (크로노스) was jealous of their exceeding manhood and comeliness (예쁨, 단정함) and great size: and he made them live 'beneath the wide-pathed earth' (타르타로스), where they were afflicted, being set to dwell under the ground, at the end of the earth, at its great borders, in bitter anguish (괴로움) for a long time and with great grief at heart.

제우스를 비롯한 레아의 자녀들이 헤카톤케이레스를 해방시킴[편집]

But the son of Cronos (제우스) and the other deathless gods whom rich-haired Rhea (레아: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 'the mother of gods') bare from union with Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친), brought them (헤카톤케이레스) up again to the light at Earth's (가이아) advising (조언). For she (가이아) herself recounted ([특히 자기가 경험한 것에 대해] 이야기하다) all things to the gods fully, how that with these they would gain victory and a glorious cause to vaunt (자랑하다, 허풍떨다, …의 장점[좋은 점]을 치켜세우다) themselves.

[629~638] 티탄과 레아의 자녀들의 긴 전쟁: 10년 간의 티타노마키아의 팽팽한 대립[편집]

[629~638] For the Titan gods and 'as many as sprang from Cronos' (레아의 자녀) had long been fighting together in stubborn war with heart-grieving toil, the lordly Titans from high Othyrs (오트리스 산: 10년 간의 티타노마키아에서 티탄의 기지), but the gods, givers of good, whom rich-haired Rhea bare in union with Cronos, from Olympus (올림포스 산). So they, with bitter wrath, were fighting continually with one another at that time for ten full years, and the hard strife had no close or end for either side, and the issue of the war hung evenly balanced.

헤카톤케이레스가 올림포스 신의 편에 가담함[편집]

But when he had provided those three (헤카톤케이레스: 브리아레오스, 코토스, 기게스) with all things fitting, nectar and ambrosia which the gods themselves eat, and when their proud spirit revived within them all after they had fed on nectar and delicious ambrosia, then it was that the 'father of men and gods' (제우스) spoke amongst them: “Hear me, 'bright children of Earth and Heaven (헤카톤케이레스)', that I may say what my heart within me bids. A long while now have we, who are sprung from Cronos and the Titan gods, fought with each other every day to get victory and to prevail. But do you show your great might and unconquerable strength, and face the Titans in bitter strife; for remember our friendly kindness, and from what sufferings you are come back to the light from your cruel bondage under misty gloom through our counsels.”

[654] So he said. And blameless Cottus (코토스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Striker or Furious) answered him again: “Divine one, you speak that which we know well: nay, even of ourselves we know that your wisdom and understanding is exceeding, and that you became a defender of the deathless ones from chill doom (타르타로스). And through your devising (계책) we are come back again from the murky (어두운) gloom and from our merciless bonds, enjoying what we looked not for, O lord, son of Cronos. And so now with fixed purpose and deliberate counsel (조언) we will aid your power in dreadful strife and will fight against the Titans in hard battle.”

[664] 헤카톤케이레스가 올림포스 신의 편에 가담한 날에 최후의 결전이 일어남[편집]

[664] So he said: and the gods, givers of good things, applauded when they heard his word, and their spirit longed for (열망하다, 갈망하다) war even more than before, and they all, both male and female, stirred up hated battle that day, the Titan gods, and 'all that were born of Cronos' (올림포스 신) together with 'those dread, mighty ones of overwhelming strength' (헤카톤케이레스: 브리아레오스, 코토스, 기게스) whom Zeus brought up to the light from Erebus (에레보스: 카오스의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 여신 닉스의 오빠, 어둠의 남신, 타르타로스의 어둠) beneath the earth.

헤카톤케이레스: 50두 100수[편집]

An hundred arms sprang from the shoulders of all alike, and each had fifty heads growing upon his shoulders upon stout limbs. These, then, stood against the Titans in grim strife, holding huge rocks in their strong hands.

티타노마키아의 최후의 결전[편집]

And on the other part the Titans eagerly strengthened their ranks (멤버들), and both sides (티탄과 올림포스 신) at one time showed the work of their hands and their might. The boundless sea rang terribly around, and the earth crashed loudly: wide Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) was shaken and groaned, and high Olympus reeled from its foundation under the charge of the undying gods, and a heavy quaking reached dim Tartarus and the deep sound of their feet in the fearful onset (시작) and of their hard missiles (미사일). So, then, they launched their grievous shafts (화살, 창, 무기) upon one another, and the cry of both armies as they shouted reached to starry heaven; and they met together with a great battle-cry.

[687] 제우스의 분전과 신위 - 제우스의 번개[편집]

[687] Then Zeus no longer held back his might; but straight his heart was filled with fury (분노, 격분) and he showed forth all his strength. From Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) and from Olympus (올림포스 산) he came forthwith, hurling his lightning: the bold flew thick and fast from his strong hand together with thunder and lightning, whirling an awesome flame. The life-giving earth crashed around in burning, and the vast wood crackled loud with fire all about. All the land seethed, and Ocean's (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) streams and the unfruitful sea. The hot vapour lapped round the earthborn Titans (땅의 신): flame unspeakable rose to the bright upper air: the flashing glare of the thunder-stone and lightning blinded their eyes for all that there were strong. Astounding heat seized Chaos (카오스): and to see with eyes and to hear the sound with ears it seemed even as if Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) and wide Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) above came together; for such a mighty crash would have arisen if Earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) were being hurled to ruin, and Heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) from on high were hurling her down; so great a crash was there while the gods were meeting together in strife. Also the winds (아네모이: 4명의 바람의 남신, 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 4아들) brought rumbling earthquake and duststorm, thunder and lightning and the lurid thunderbolt, which are the shafts of great Zeus, and carried the clangour (쨍그랑쨍그랑) and the warcry (공격의 함성) into the midst of the two hosts. An horrible uproar (대소란) of terrible strife arose: mighty deeds were shown and the battle inclined. But until then, they kept at one another and fought continually in cruel war.

[713] 헤카톤케이레스의 분전과 신위[편집]

[713] And amongst the foremost Cottus (코토스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Striker or Furious) and Briareos (브리아레오스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Vigorous, sea goat) and Gyes (기게스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Big-Limbed) insatiate (싫증을 모르는) for war raised fierce fighting: three hundred rocks, one upon another, they launched from their strong hands and overshadowed the Titans with their missiles, and buried them beneath the wide-pathed earth, and bound them in bitter chains when they had conquered them by their strength for all their great spirit, as far beneath the earth to Tartarus (타르타로스: 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둠고 눅눅한 곳).

타르타로스에 대하여: 하늘과 땅 그리고 땅과 타르타로스 사이의 거리와 타르타로스의 어둠[편집]

For a brazen anvil (놋쇠 모루) falling down from heaven nine nights and days would reach the earth upon the tenth: and again, a brazen anvil falling from earth nine nights and days would reach Tartarus (타르타로스: 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둠고 눅눅한 곳) upon the tenth. Round it runs a fence (울타리) of bronze, and night spreads in triple line all about it like a neck-circlet(목의 관), while above grow the roots of the earth and unfruitful sea.

티타노마키아의 종결: 티탄이 타르타로스에 갇힘 - 타르타로스의 위치와 잠금 및 감시장치[편집]

There (타르타로스) by the counsel (조언, 지휘) of Zeus who drives the clouds the Titan gods are hidden under misty gloom (타르타로스: 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둠고 눅눅한 곳), in a dank place where are the ends of the huge earth. And they (티탄) may not go out; for Poseidon (포세이돈: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 바다 · 지진 · 돌풍의 남신) fixed gates of bronze upon it, and a wall runs all round it on every side. There Gyes (기게스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Big-Limbed) and Cottus (코토스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Striker or Furious) and great-souled Obriareus (브리아레오스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Vigorous, sea goat) live, trusty warders (교도관) of Zeus who holds the aegis (아이기스: 이지스, 제우스의 방패).

736~819행: 우주론 - 특히 지하세계와 관련하여[편집]

COSMOGRAPHY

[736] 우주론 개요 - 특히 지하세계와 관련하여[편집]

[736] And there, all in their order, are the sources and ends of

  1. gloomy earth (가이아: 대지의 여신, 대자연) and
  2. misty Tartarus (타르타로스: 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둡고 눅눅한 곳) and
  3. the unfruitful sea (폰토스: 바다의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) and
  4. starry heaven (우라노스: 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들), which even the gods abhor.

It is a great gulf, and if once a man were within the gates, he would not reach the floor until a whole year had reached its end, but cruel blast (폭발, 강한 바람) upon blast would carry him this way and that. And this marvel is awful even to the deathless gods.

[744] 아틀라스[편집]

[744] There stands the awful home (즉, 서쪽 끝) of murky Night (닉스 Nyx: 밤의 여신, 카오스의 딸) wrapped in dark clouds. In front of it the son of Iapetus (이아페토스: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 'the Piercer')[19] (아틀라스) stands immovably upholding the wide heaven upon his head and unwearying hands,

닉스와 헤메라: 밤과 낮[편집]

where Night (닉스 Nyx: 태초신, 밤의 여신, 카오스의 딸) and Day (헤메라: 태초신, 낮의 여신, 에레보스와 닉스의 딸) draw near and greet one another as they pass the great threshold of bronze: and while the one is about to go down into the house, the other comes out at the door. And the house (즉, 서쪽 끝) never holds them both within; but always one is without the house passing over the earth, while the other stays at home and waits until the time for her journeying come; and the one (헤메라) holds all-seeing light for them on earth, but the other (닉스) holds in her arms Sleep (히프노스: 잠의 남신, 닉스의 단성생식의 아들) the brother of Death (타나토스: 죽음의 남신, 닉스의 단성생식의 아들, Death), even evil Night (닉스 Nyx: 태초신, 밤의 여신, 카오스의 딸), wrapped in a vaporous cloud.

[758] 닉스의 자녀: 히프노스(잠)와 타나토스(죽음)[편집]

[758] And there the children of dark Night (닉스 Nyx: 태초신, 밤의 여신, 카오스의 딸) have their dwellings,

  1. Sleep (히프노스: 잠의 남신, 닉스의 단성생식의 아들) and
  2. Death (타나토스: 죽음의 남신, 닉스의 단성생식의 아들, Death), awful gods. The glowing Sun (헤메라: 태초신, 낮의 여신, 에레보스와 닉스의 딸) never looks upon them with his beams, neither as he goes up into heaven, nor as he comes down from heaven.

And the former of them (히프노스: 잠) roams peacefully over the earth and the sea's broad back and is kindly to men; but the other (타나토스: 죽음) has a heart of iron, and his spirit within him is pitiless as bronze: whomsoever of men he has once seized he holds fast: and he is hateful even to the deathless gods.

[767] 지하세계의 신: 하데스 · 페르세포네 · 케르베로스[편집]

[767] There, in front, stand the echoing halls of the god of the lower-world (지하세계),

  1. strong Hades (하데스: 테오이 크토니오이, 크로노스와 레아의 아들, 죽음과 지하세계의 남신), and of
  2. awful Persephone (페르세포네 · 코레: 테오이 크토니오이, 지하세계의 여신, 제우스와 데메테르의 딸).
  3. A fearful hound (케르베로스: 남신, 지하세계를 지키는 개, 헬하운드) guards the house in front, pitiless, and he has a cruel trick. On those who go in he fawns (아양떨다) with his tail and both is ears, but suffers them not to go out back again, but keeps watch and devours whomsoever he catches going out of the gates of strong Hades and awful Persephone.

[775] 스틱스[편집]

[775] And there dwells the goddess loathed (혐오하다) by the deathless gods, terrible Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신, 세상과 지하세계의 경계에 흐르는 강), eldest daughter of back-flowing[20] Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지). She (스틱스) lives apart from the gods in her glorious house vaulted over with great rocks and propped (떠받치다) up to heaven all round with silver pillars.

이리스[편집]

Rarely does the daughter of Thaumas (타우마스: 바다의 남신, 바다의 경이로움, 폰토스와 가이아의 아들), swift-footed Iris (이리스: 무지개의 여신, 신들의 전령사 여신), come to her (스틱스) with a message over the sea's wide back. But when strife and quarrel arise among the deathless gods, and when any of them who live in the house of Olympus lies, then Zeus sends Iris (이리스: 무지개의 여신, 신들의 전령사 여신) to bring in a golden jug (주전자[병]) the great oath (맹세) of the gods from far away, the famous cold water which trickles down from a high and beetling (돌출한) rock.

오케아노스와 스틱스[편집]

Far under the wide-pathed earth a branch of Oceanus (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) flows through the dark night out of the holy stream, and a tenth part of his (오케아노스) water is allotted to her (스틱스). With nine silver-swirling streams he winds about the earth and the sea's wide back, and then falls into the main[21]; but the tenth flows out from a rock, a sore trouble to the gods.

For whoever of the deathless gods that hold the peaks of snowy Olympus (올림포스 산) pours a libation of her (스틱스) water is forsworn (맹세하다), lies breathless until a full year is completed, and never comes near to taste ambrosia (암브로시아) and nectar, but lies spiritless and voiceless on a strewn (흩다, 흩뿌리다) bed: and a heavy trance overshadows him. But when he has spent a long year in his sickness, another penance (속죄, 괴로운 일, 고행) and an harder follows after the first. For nine years he is cut off from the eternal gods and never joins their councils of their feasts, nine full years. But in the tenth year he comes again to join the assemblies of the deathless gods who live in the house of Olympus. Such an oath, then, did the gods appoint the eternal and primaeval water of Styx (스틱스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신, 세상과 지하세계의 경계에 흐르는 강) to be: and it spouts through a rugged (바위투성이의; 기복이 심한) place.

[807] 우주론 총괄 - 특히 지하세계와 관련하여[편집]

[807] And there, all in their order, are the sources and ends of the

  1. dark earth (가이아: 태초신, 대지의 여신, 대자연) and
  2. misty Tartarus (타르타로스: 태초신, 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둡고 눅눅한 곳) and the
  3. unfruitful sea (폰토스: 태초신, 바다의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) and
  4. starry heaven (우라노스: 태초신, 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들), loathsome and dank, which even the gods abhor. And there are shining gates and an immoveable threshold of bronze having unending roots and it is grown of itself.[22] And beyond, away from all the gods, live the
  5. Titans (티탄), beyond gloomy Chaos (카오스: 태초신).
  6. But the glorious allies (헤카톤케이레스) of loud-crashing Zeus have their dwelling upon Ocean's foundations, even
    1. Cottus (코토스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Striker or Furious) and
    2. Gyes (기게스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Big-Limbed); but
    3. Briareos (브리아레오스, 헤카톤케이레스, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, Vigorous, sea goat), being goodly, the deep-roaring Earth-Shaker (포세이돈: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 바다 · 지진 · 돌풍의 남신) made his son-in-law, giving him Cymopolea (키모폴레이아: 포세이돈의 딸, 브리아레오스의 부인) his daughter to wed.

820~885행: 티폰과 그 자녀들 - 돌풍과 제우스의 싸움[편집]

TYPHOEUS

[820] 티폰[편집]

[820] But when Zeus had driven the Titans (티탄) from heaven, huge Earth (가이아: 태초신, 대지의 여신, 대자연) bare her youngest child Typhoeus (티폰: 가장 무서운 몬스터, 가이아와 타르타로스의 마지막 아들, 모든 몬스터들의 아버지) of the love of Tartarus (타르타로스: 태초신, 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둡고 눅눅한 곳), by the aid of golden Aphrodite (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스).

Strength was with his (티폰) hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring.

  1. From his shoulders grew an hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and
  2. from under the brows of his eyes in his marvellous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared.
  3. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at another, the noise of a bull bellowing (고함치다) aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at anothers, sounds like whelps (강아지), wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss (쉬익[쉿] 하는 소리를 내다), so that the high mountains re-echoed.

티폰과 제우스의 싸움[편집]

And truly a thing past help would have happened on that day, and he (티폰) would have come to reign over mortals and immortals, had not the father of men and gods (제우스) been quick to perceive it.

But he (제우스) thundered hard and mightily: and the earth around resounded terribly and the wide heaven above, and the sea (폰토스: 태초신, 바다의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) and Ocean's (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) streams and the nether (아래의, 밑의) parts of the earth. Great Olympus (올림포스 산) reeled beneath the divine feet of the king as he arose and earth groaned thereat.

And through the two (제우스티폰) of them heat took hold on the dark-blue sea, through the thunder and lightning, and through the fire from the monster, and the scorching winds and blazing thunderbolt.

  1. The whole earth (가이아: 태초신, 대지의 여신, 대자연) seethed, and
  2. sky (우라노스: 태초신, 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) and
  3. sea (폰토스: 태초신, 바다의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들): and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about, at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking.
  4. Hades (하데스: 테오이 크토니오이, 크로노스와 레아의 아들, 죽음과 지하세계의 남신) trembled where he rules over the dead below, and the
  5. Titans (티탄) under Tartarus (타르타로스: 태초신, 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둡고 눅눅한 곳) who live with Cronos (크로노스: 티탄, 농경의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 제우스의 부친), because of the unending clamour (시끄러운 외침) and the fearful strife.

티폰의 패배와 타르타로스에 수감됨[편집]

So when Zeus had raised up his might and seized his arms, thunder and lightning and lurid thunderbolt, he (제우스) leaped from Olympus and struck him (티폰), and burned all the marvellous heads of the monster about him. But when Zeus had conquered him and lashed (후려치다, 휘갈기다) him with strokes, Typhoeus (티폰: 가장 무서운 몬스터, 가이아와 타르타로스의 마지막 아들, 모든 몬스터들의 아버지) was hurled down (바닥에 패대기치다), a maimed (불구로 만들다) wreck (난파선), so that the huge earth groaned. And flame shot forth from the thunder-stricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount,[23] when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched (그슬리다) by the terrible vapour and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled[24] crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is softened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus (헤파이스토스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 기술 · 대장장이 · 장인 · 공예가 · 조각가 · 금속 · 야금 · 불의 남신).[25] Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire. And in the bitterness of his anger Zeus cast him (티폰) into wide Tartarus (타르타로스: 태초신, 카오스의 두 번째 자식으로 단성생식으로 낳은 아들, 세 번째 신, 지하세계의 일부, 지하세계의 가장 밑바닥에 있는 어둡고 눅눅한 곳).

[869] 티폰의 자녀[편집]

[869] And from Typhoeus (티폰: 가장 무서운 몬스터, 가이아와 타르타로스의 마지막 아들, 모든 몬스터들의 아버지) come

  1. boisterous (활기가 넘치는, 잠시도 가만히 있지 못하는, 시끄러운) winds which blow damply (축축하게, 기운 없이),

except

  1. Notus (노토스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 여름의 남풍의 남신) and
  2. Boreas (보레아스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 겨울의 북풍의 남신) and
  3. clear Zephyr (제피로스: 아스트라이오스와 에오스의 아들, 봄의 서풍의 남신).

These are a god-sent kind, and a great blessing to men;

but the others blow fitfully (발작[단속]적으로) upon the seas. Some rush upon the misty sea and work great havoc (대파괴, 큰 혼란[피해]) among men with their evil, raging blasts; for varying with the season they blow, scattering ships and destroying sailors. And men who meet these upon the sea have no help against the mischief. Others again over the boundless, flowering earth spoil the fair fields of men who dwell below, filling them with dust and cruel uproar.

[881] 제우스가 주신이 되고 권한을 나눔[편집]

[881] But when the blessed gods had finished their toil, and settled by force their struggle for honours with the Titans, they pressed far-seeing Olympian Zeus to reign and to rule over them, by Earth's prompting. So he (제우스) divided their dignities amongst them.

올림포스의 신의 시대[편집]

THE OLYMPIAN GODS

886~929행: 제우스의 아내들과 자녀들 - 메티스·테미스·데메테르·페르세포네·아폴론·아르테미스·헤라·아테네·헤파이스토스 등[편집]

제우스의 첫 번째 아내 메티스와 그 자녀: 아테나 - 제우스가 메티스를 삼킴[편집]

[886] Now Zeus, king of the gods, made Metis his wife first, and she was wisest among gods and mortal men.

But when she (메티스) was about to bring forth the goddess bright-eyed Athene (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 메티스와 제우스의 딸, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신), Zeus craftily deceived her (메티스) with cunning words and put her (메티스) in his own belly, as Earth (가이아: 태초신, 대지의 여신, 대자연) and starry Heaven (우라노스: 태초신, 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들) advised. For they advised him so, to the end that no other should hold royal sway over the eternal gods in place of Zeus; for very wise children were destined to be born of her, first the maiden bright-eyed Tritogeneia (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 메티스와 제우스의 딸, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신), equal to her father in strength and in wise understanding; but afterwards she (메티스) was to bear a son of overbearing spirit, king of gods and men. But Zeus put her (메티스) into his own belly first, that the goddess might devise for him both good and evil.

[901] 제우스의 두 번째 아내 테미스와 그 자녀: 호라에 등[편집]

[901] Next he (제우스) married bright Themis (테미스: 티타네스, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 제우스의 두 번째 아내, 법와 정의의 여신) who bare the

  1. Horae (Hours) (호라이: 제우스와 메티스의 딸, 계절과 시간의 여신), and
  2. Eunomia (Order) (에우노미아: 제우스와 메티스의 딸, 법과 질서의 여신),
  3. Dike (Justice) (디케: 제우스와 메티스의 딸, 정의의 여신), and
  4. blooming Eirene (Peace) (에이레네: 제우스와 메티스의 딸, 평화의 여신), who mind the works of mortal men, and the
  5. Moerae (모이라이: 운명의 여신들, 닉스의 단성생식의 딸들, 세 자매 - 클로토, 라케시스, 아트로포스) (Fates) to whom wise Zeus gave the greatest honour,
    1. Clotho (클로토: 운명의 여신, 닉스의 단성생식의 딸 혹은 제우스와 테미스의 딸), and
    2. Lachesis (라케시스: 운명의 여신, 닉스의 단성생식의 딸 혹은 제우스와 테미스의 딸), and
    3. Atropos (아트로포스: 운명의 여신, 닉스의 단성생식의 딸 혹은 제우스와 테미스의 딸) who give mortal men evil and good to have.

[907] 제우스의 세 번째 아내 에우리노메와 그 자녀: 카리테스 - 아글라이아 · 에우프로시네 · 탈리아[편집]

[907] And Eurynome (에우리노메: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 제우스의 세 번째 아내, 강의 여신), the daughter of Ocean, beautiful in form, bare him (제우스)

  1. three fair-cheeked Charites (Graces) (카리테스: 삼미신 三美神 Graces, 제우스와 에우리노메의 세 딸),
    1. Aglaea (아글라이아: 카리스 Grace, '아름다움, splendor, brilliant, shining one', 제우스와 에우리노메의 딸), and
    2. Euphrosyne (에우프로시네: 카리스 Grace, '명랑, 유쾌', 제우스와 에우리노메의 딸), and
    3. lovely Thaleia (탈리아: 카리스 Grace, '발랄, 풍요', 제우스와 에우리노메의 딸), from whose eyes as they glanced flowed love that unnerves the limbs: and beautiful is their glance beneath their brows.

[912] 제우스의 네 번째 아내 데메테르와 그 자녀: 페르세포네[편집]

[912] Also he came to the bed of all-nourishing Demeter (데메테르: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 네 번째 아내, 곡물과 수확의 여신), and she (데메테르) bare white-armed Persephone (페르세포네 · 코레: 테오이 크토니오이, 지하세계의 여신, 제우스와 데메테르의 딸) whom Aidoneus carried off from her mother; but wise Zeus gave her to him.

[915] 제우스의 다섯 번째 아내 므네모시네와 그 자녀: 아홉 무사[편집]

[915] And again, he (제우스) loved Mnemosyne (므네모시네: 티타네스, 우라노스와 가이아의 딸, 제우스의 다섯 번째 아내, 기억의 여신, 9뮤즈의 어머니) with the beautiful hair: and of her (므네모시네) the nine gold-crowned Muses (무사: 제우스와 므네모시네의 아홉 딸, 문학 · 과학 · 예술의 여신들) were born who delight in feasts and the pleasures of song.

[918] 제우스의 여섯 번째 아내 레토와 그 자녀: 아폴로 · 아르테미스[편집]

[918] And Leto (레토: 코이오니데스(Koionides), 코이오스와 포이베의 딸, 제우스의 여섯 번째 아내, 제우스와의 사이에서 아폴론과 아르테미스를 낳음) was joined in love with Zeus who holds the aegis (아이기스: 이지스, 제우스의 방패), and bare

  1. Apollo 아폴론: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 태양 · 예언 · 광명 · 의술 · 궁술 · 음악 · 시의 남신) and
  2. Artemis (아르테미스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 달 · 사냥 · 야생동물· · 처녀성의 여신) delighting in arrows, children lovely above all the sons of Heaven (우라노스: 태초신, 하늘의 남신, 가이아의 단성생식으로 낳은 아들).

[921] 제우스의 일곱 번째 아내 헤라와 그 자녀: 헤베 · 아레스 · 에일레이티이아[편집]

[921] Lastly, he made Hera (헤라: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 누이이자 부인, 제우스의 일곱 번째 아내) his blooming wife: and she was joined in love with the king of gods and men, and brought forth

  1. Hebe (헤베: 청춘의 여신, 제우스와 헤라의 딸) and
  2. Ares (아레스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 제우스와 헤라의 아들, 전쟁의 남신) and
  3. Eileithyia (에일레이티이아: 출산의 여신, 제우스와 헤라의 딸).

[924] 아테나의 탄생: 제우스의 머리에서 출생[편집]

[924] But Zeus himself gave birth from his own head to bright-eyed Tritogeneia (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 메티스와 제우스의 딸, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신),[26] the awful, the strife-stirring, the host-leader, the unwearying, the queen, who delights in tumults (소란, 소동) and wars and battles.

헤라의 단성 생식의 아들: 헤파이스토스[편집]

But Hera (헤라: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 누이이자 부인, 제우스의 일곱 번째 아내) without union with Zeus -- for she was very angry and quarrelled with her mate -- bare famous Hephaestus (헤파이스토스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 기술 · 대장장이 · 장인 · 공예가 · 조각가 · 금속 · 야금 · 불의 남신), who is skilled in crafts more than all the sons of Heaven.

[929a][27] But Hera was very angry and quarrelled with her mate. And because of this strife she bare without union with Zeus who holds the aegis a glorious son, Hephaestus (헤파이스토스), who excelled all the sons of Heaven in crafts.

특히, 아테나에 대하여[편집]

But Zeus lay with the fair-cheeked daughter of Ocean and Tethys apart from Hera . . . ((lacuna)) deceiving Metis (Thought) (메티스: '지혜로운 여자', 오케아니스, 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 제우스의 첫 번째 부인) although she was full wise. But he seized her with his hands and put her in his belly, for fear that she might bring forth something stronger than his thunderbolt: therefore did Zeus, who sits on high and dwells in the aether, swallow her down suddenly. But she (메티스) straightway conceived Pallas Athene (아테나: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 메티스와 제우스의 딸, 지혜 · 전쟁 · 직물 · 요리 · 도기 · 문명의 여신): and the father of men and gods gave her birth by way of his head on the banks of the river Trito. And she remained hidden beneath the inward parts of Zeus, even Metis, Athena's mother, worker of righteousness, who was wiser than gods and mortal men. There the goddess (Athena) received that[28] whereby she excelled in strength all the deathless ones who dwell in Olympus, she who made the host-scaring weapon of Athena. And with it (Zeus) gave her birth, arrayed in arms of war.

930~933행: 포세이돈과 암피트리테의 아들: 트리톤[편집]

[930] And of Amphitrite (암피트리테, 네레이드, 포세이돈의 아내) and the loud-roaring Earth-Shaker (포세이돈: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 바다 · 지진 · 돌풍의 남신) was born great,

  1. wide-ruling Triton (트리톤: 포세이돈과 암피트리테의 아들, 바다의 남신, 상반신은 인간 하반신은 물고기), and he owns the depths of the sea, living with his dear mother and the lord his father in their golden house, an awful god.

934~937행: 아레스와 아프로디테의 두 아들[편집]

[933] Also Cytherea (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) bare to Ares (아레스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 제우스와 헤라의 아들, 전쟁의 남신) the

  1. shield-piercer Panic (데이모스: '패닉 Panic Terror Dread', 아레스와 아프로디테의 아들) and
  2. Fear (포보스: '공포 Fear', 아레스와 아프로디테의 아들), terrible gods who drive in disorder the close ranks of men in numbing war, with the help of Ares, sacker of towns: and Harmonia whom high-spirited Cadmus made his wife.

938~944행: 제우스의 다른 세 아들 - 헤르메스 · 디오니소스 · 헤라클레스[편집]

[938] 제우스와 마이아의 아들: 헤르메스[편집]

[938] And Maia (마이아: '어머니, 유모', 아틀라스와 플레이오네의 딸, 플레이아데스 중 맏언니, 헤르메스의 어머니), the daughter of Atlas (아틀라스: 이아페티오니데스, 이아페토스와 클리메네의 아들, 티탄의 편에서 제우스와 싸움), bare to Zeus glorious Hermes (헤르메스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 신들의 전령사, 여행자 · 목동 · 체육 · 웅변 · 도량형 · 발명 · 상업 · 도둑과 거짓말쟁이의 교활함의 남신), the herald of the deathless gods, for she went up into his holy bed.

[940] 제우스와 세멜레의 아들: 디오니소스[편집]

[940] And Semele (세멜레: 인간, 후에 여신 티오네(Thyone)가 됨, 카드모스와 하르모니아의 딸, 디오니소스의 어머니), daughter of Cadmus (카드모스: 페니키아의 왕자, 그리스의 테베를 건설한 자) was joined with him (제우스) in love and bare him a splendid son, joyous Dionysus (디오니소스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 술과 풍요의 남신), -- a mortal woman an immortal son. And now they both are gods.

[943] 제우스와 알레메나의 아들: 헤라클레스[편집]

[943] And Alemena (알크메네: 암피트리온의 아내, 헤라클레스의 어머니) was joined in love with Zeus who drives the clouds and bare mighty Heracles (헤라클레스: 제우스와 알크메네의 아들).

945~946행: 헤파이스토스의 아내: 아글라이아[편집]

[945] And Hephaestus (헤파이스토스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 헤라의 단성생식의 아들, 기술 · 대장장이 · 장인 · 공예가 · 조각가 · 금속 · 야금 · 불의 남신), the famous Lame One, made Aglaea (아글라이아: 카리스 Grace, '아름다움, splendor, brilliant, shining one', 제우스와 에우리노메의 딸), youngest of the Graces (카리테스: 삼미신 三美神 Graces, 제우스와 에우리노메의 세 딸), his buxom (가슴이 풍만한) wife.

947~949행: 디오니소스의 아내: 아리아드네[편집]

[947] And golden-haired Dionysus (디오니소스: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 술과 풍요의 남신) made brown-haired Ariadne (아리아드네: 크레테의 왕 미노스의 딸, 디오니소스의 부인), the daughter of Minos (미노스: 크레테의 전설적인 왕, 사후 하데스의 판관이 됨), his buxom wife: and the son of Cronos (제우스) made her deathless and unageing for him.

950~955행: 헤라클레스의 아내: 헤베[편집]

[950] And mighty Heracles (헤라클레스: 제우스와 알크메네의 아들), the valiant son of neat-ankled Alcmena, when he had finished his grievous toils, made Hebe (헤베: 청춘의 여신, 제우스와 헤라의 딸) the child of great Zeus and gold-shod Hera (헤라: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 누이이자 부인, 제우스의 일곱 번째 아내) his shy wife in snowy Olympus. Happy he! For he has finished his great works and lives amongst the dying gods, untroubled and unaging all his days.

956~962행: 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 자녀: 키르케·아이에테스[편집]

[956] And Perseis (페르세이스: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), the daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지), bare to unwearying Helios (헬리오스: 태양의 남신, 테이아와 히페리온의 아들)

  1. Circe (키르케: '독수리', 헬리아데스, 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 딸, 마녀) and
  2. Aeetes (아이에테스: 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 아들, 콜키스의 왕) the king.

아이에테스와 이디이아의 자녀: 메데이다[편집]

And Aeetes (아이에테스: 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 아들, 콜키스의 왕), the son of Helios (헬리오스: 태양의 남신, 테이아와 히페리온의 아들) who shows light to men, took to wife fair-cheeked Idyia (이디이아: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신), daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지) the perfect stream, by the will of the gods: and she was subject to him in love through golden Aphrodite (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) and bare him neat-ankled Medea.

963~1,020행: 여신들과 남자들의 교합[편집]

OF GODDESSES AND MEN

[963] And now farewell, you dwellers on Olympus (올림포스 산) and you islands and continents and thou briny sea within. Now sing the company of goddesses, sweet-voiced Muses (무사: 제우스와 므네모시네의 아홉 딸, 문학 · 과학 · 예술의 여신들) of Olympus, daughter of Zeus who holds the aegis (아이기스: 이지스, 제우스의 방패), -- even those deathless one who lay with mortal men and bare children like unto gods.

[969] 데메테르와 이아시온의 자녀: 플루토스[편집]

[969] Demeter (데메테르: 도데카테온, 올림포스 12신, 크로노스와 레아의 딸, 제우스의 네 번째 아내, 곡물과 수확의 여신), bright goddess, was joined in sweet love with the hero Iasion (이아시온: 제우스엘렉트라의 아들, 다르다노스의 형제) in a thrice-ploughed fallow in the rich land of Crete, and bare

  1. Plutus(플루토스: 이아시온과 데메테르의 아들, 부의 신), a kindly god who goes everywhere over land and the sea's wide back, and him who finds him and into whose hands he comes he makes rich, bestowing great wealth upon him.

[975] 카드모스와 하르모니아의 자녀: 이노 · 세멜레 · 아가우에 · 아우토노에 · 폴리도로스[편집]

[975] And Harmonia (하르모니아: 아레스와 아프로디테의 딸, 혹은 제우스와 엘렉트라의 딸, 조화와 일치의 여신), the daughter of golden Aphrodite, bare to Cadmus (카드모스: 페니키아의 왕자, 그리스의 테베를 건설한 자)

  1. Ino (이노: 카드모스와 하르모니아의 딸) and
  2. Semele (세멜레: 인간, 후에 여신 티오네(Thyone)가 됨, 카드모스와 하르모니아의 딸, 디오니소스의 어머니) and
  3. fair-cheeked Agave (아가우에 또는 아가베: 카드모스와 하르모니아의 딸) and
  4. Autonoe (아우토노에: 카드모스와 하르모니아의 딸) whom long haired Aristaeus (아리스타이오스: 아폴론과 키레네의 아들) wedded, and
  5. Polydorus (폴리도로스: 카드모스와 하르모니아의 아들) also in rich-crowned Thebe.

[979] 크리사오르와 칼리오레의 자녀: 게리온[편집]

[979] And the daughter of Ocean (오케아노스, 티탄, 거대한 강의 남신, 세계해의 남신, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 3000 오케아니스의 아버지), Callirrhoe (칼리로에: 나이아스, 물의 요정, 세 명의 남편: 크리사오르 · 닐로스 · 포세이돈) was joined in the love of rich Aphrodite (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) with stout hearted Chrysaor (크리사오르: 포세이돈과 메두사의 아들, 페가수스의 형제) and bare a son who was the strongest of all men,

  1. Geryones (게리온: 크리사오르와 칼리로에의 아들, 메두사의 손자, 3개의 머리와 몸을 가진 괴물), whom mighty Heracles killed in sea-girt Erythea for the sake of his shambling oxen.

[984] 티토노스와 에오스의 자녀: 멤논 · 에마티온[편집]

[984] And Eos (에오스: 새벽의 여신, 테이아와 히페리온의 딸) bare to Tithonus (티토노스: 트로이 왕 라오메돈과 물의 요정 스트리모의 아들, 에오스의 연인)

  1. brazen-crested Memnon (멤논: 티토노스와 에오스의 아들), king of the Ethiopians, and the
  2. Lord Emathion (에마티온: 티토노스와 에오스의 아들).

케팔로스와 에오스의 자녀: 파에톤[편집]

And to Cephalus (케팔로스: 에오스의 연인) she (에오스) bare a splendid son,

  1. strong Phaethon (파에톤: 케팔로스와 에오스의 아들), a man like the gods, whom, when he was a young boy in the tender flower of glorious youth with childish thoughts, laughter-loving Aphrodite (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) seized and caught up and made a keeper of her shrine by night, a divine spirit.

[993] 이아손과 메테이아의 자녀: 메두스[편집]

[993] And [Jason] the son of Aeson (이아손: 황금양모의 영웅, 아이손의 아들, 황금양모 원정대, 아르고나우타이) by the will of the gods led away from Aeetes (아이에테스: 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 아들, 콜키스의 왕), [Medea] the daughter of Aeetes (메데이아: 메데아, 메디아, 아이에테스와 아이디아의 딸, 마녀) the heaven-nurtured king, when he had finished the many grievous labours which the great king, over bearing Pelias (펠리아스: 이올코스의 왕, 이아손에게 황금양모를 찾아오게 보냄), that outrageous and presumptuous doer of violence, put upon him. But when the son of Aeson had finished them, he came to Iolcus (이올코스: 그리스 중부 테살리아에 있던 고대 도시) after long toil bringing the coy-eyed girl with him on his swift ship, and made her his buxom wife. And she was subject to Iason (이아손: 황금양모의 영웅, 아이손의 아들, 황금양모 원정대, 아르고나우타이), shepherd of the people, and bare

  1. a son Medeus (메두스: 이아손과 메데이아의 아들, 혹은 아이게우스와 메데이아의 아들) whom Cheiron (케이론 또는 키론: 켄타우로스, 현자, 수많은 영웅들의 스승) the son of Philyra (필리라: 오케아니드, 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸) brought up in the mountains. And the will of great Zeus was fulfilled.

[1003] 아이아코스와 프사마테의 자녀: 포코스[편집]

[1003] But of the daughters of Nereus (네레우스: 바다의 노인, 물과 바다의 남신, 폰토스와 가이아의 아들), the Old man of the Sea, Psamathe (프사메테, 네레이드, 모래여인) the fair goddess, was loved by Aeacus (아이아코스: 섬 나라 아이기나의 전설적인 왕, 제우스와 님프 이이기나의 아들, 미노스· 라다만티스와 함께 하데스의 재판관) through golden Aphrodite and bare

  1. Phocus (포코스: 아이아코스와 프사마테의 아들).

펠레오스와 테티스의 자녀: 아킬레우스[편집]

And the silver-shod goddess Thetis (테티스, 네레이드, 아킬레우스의 어머니) was subject to Peleus (펠레우스: 아이기나의 왕 아이아코스의 아들, 텔라몬과 형제, 텔라몬과 함께 헤라클레스의 친구, 테티스와 결혼, 아킬레우스의 아버지) and brought forth

  1. lion-hearted Achilles (아킬레우스: 펠레우스와 테티스의 아들, 트로이 전쟁의 그리스 영웅), the destroyer of men.

[1008] 안키세스와 아프로디테의 자녀: 아이네이아스[편집]

[1008] And Cytherea (아프로디테: 미와 사랑의 여신, 비너스) with the beautiful crown was joined in sweet love with the hero Anchises (안키세스: 아프로디테의 연인, 다르나니아의 왕자, 아이네이아스의 아버지) and bare

  1. Aeneas (아이네이아스: 안키세스와 아프로디테의 아들, 트로이 전쟁시의 트로이의 영웅들 중 하나) on the peaks of Ida (이다 산: 터키의 남서쪽에 있는 산, 트로이 유적지로부터 남동쪽 20마일 지점에 위치) with its many wooded glens.

[1011] 오디세우스와 키르케의 자녀: 아기리오스 · 라티노스 · 텔레고노스[편집]

[1011] And Circe (키르케: '독수리', 헬리아데스, 헬리오스와 페르세이스의 딸, 마녀) the daughter of Helius (헬리오스: 태양의 남신, 테이아와 히페리온의 아들), Hyperion's (히페리온: 티탄, 우라노스와 가이아의 아들, 'the High-One') son, loved steadfast Odysseus (오디세우스: 이타카의 영주, 트로이 전쟁의 영웅, 토로이 목마의 고안자) and bare

  1. Agrius (아르데아스: 오디세우스와 키르케의 아들, 이탈리아 라티움 지방에 고대도시 아르데아를 건설) and
  2. Latinus (라티누스: 그리스 신화에 따르면 오디세우스와 키르케의 아들로 티르세노이를 통치, 로마 신화에 따르면 이탈리아 라티움 지방의 왕으로 라티니족의 조상) who was faultless and strong: also she brought forth
  3. Telegonus (텔레고노스: 오디세우스와 키르케의 아들, 아버지 오디세우스를 사고로 살해함) by the will of golden Aphrodite. And they ruled over the famous Tyrenians, very far off in a recess of the holy islands.

[1017] 오디세우스와 칼립소의 자녀: 나우시토오스 · 나우시노오스[편집]

[1017] And the bright goddess Calypso (칼립소: 오케아노스와 테티스의 딸, 강의 여신) was joined to Odysseus (오디세우스: 이타카의 영주, 트로이 전쟁의 영웅, 토로이 목마의 고안자) in sweet love, and bare him

  1. Nausithous (나우시토오스: 오디세우스와 칼립소의 아들) and
  2. Nausinous (나우시노오스: 오디세우스와 칼립소의 아들).

[1019] These are the immortal goddesses who lay with mortal men and bare them children like unto gods.

1,021~1,022행: 여인들의 목록의 서두[편집]

[1021] But now, sweet-voiced Muses (무사: 제우스와 므네모시네의 아홉 딸, 문학 · 과학 · 예술의 여신들) of Olympus (올림포스 산), daughters of Zeus who holds the aegis (아이기스: 이지스, 제우스의 방패), sing of the company of women.

THE END

참고 문헌[편집]

  • Albinus, Lars (2000). 《The House of Hades: Studies in Ancient Greek Eschatology》. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. 
  • Buxton, R (2004). 《The complete World of Greek Mythology》. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. 
  • Camus, Albert. “The Myth of Sisyphus”. 2012년 12월 3일에 확인함. 
  • Fairbanks, Arthur (1900). “The Chthonic Gods of Greek Religion”. 《The American Journal of Philology》 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 21 (3): 241–259. doi:10.2307/287716. JSTOR 287716. 
  • Garland, Robert (1985). 《The Greek Way of Death》. London: Duckworth. 
  • Leeming, David. “Demeter and Persephone”. 《The Oxford Companion to World Mythology》. Oxford University Press. 2012년 12월 2일에 확인함. 
  • Leeming, David. “Styx”. 《The Oxford Companion to World Mythology》. Oxford University Press. 2012년 12월 2일에 확인함. 
  • Long, J. Bruce (2005). “Underworld”. 《Encyclopedia of Religion》 (Macmillan Reference USA) 14: 9451–9458. 
  • Mirtro, Marina Serena (2012). 《Death in the Greek world : from Homer to the classical age.》. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 
  • Mikalson, Jon D (2010). 《Ancient Greek Religion》. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. 
  • Mystakidou, Kyriaki; Tsilika, Eleni; Parpa, Efi; Katsouda, Elena; Vlahous, Lambros (2004–2005). “Death and Grief in the Greek Culture”. 《Omega》 (Baywood Publishing Co.) 50 (1): 23–34. 
  • O’Cleirigh, Padraig, Rex A Barrell, and John M Bell (2000). 《An introduction to Greek mythology : story, symbols, and culture》. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. 
  • Peck, Harry Thurston (1897). 《Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities》. Harper. 
  • Pfister, F (1961). 《Greek Gods and Heroes》. London: Macgibbon & Kee. 
  • Scarfuto, Christine. “The Greek Underworld”. 2012년 12월 3일에 확인함. 
  • Schmiel, Robert (1987). “Achilles in Hades”. 《Classical Philology》 (The University of Chicago Press) 82 (1): 35–37. doi:10.1086/367020. JSTOR 270025. 

주해[편집]

1. The epithet probably indicates coquettishness.

2. A proverbial saying meaning, "why enlarge on irrelevant topics?"

3. "She of the noble voice": Calliope is queen of Epic poetry.

4. Earth, in the cosmology of Hesiod, is a disk surrounded by the river Oceanus and floating upon a waste of waters. It is called the foundation of all (the qualification "the deathless ones ..." etc. is an interpolation), because not only trees, men, and animals, but even the hills and seas (ll. 129, 131) are supported by it.

5. Aether is the bright, untainted upper atmosphere, as distinguished from Aer, the lower atmosphere of the earth.

6. Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One.

7. The myth accounts for the separation of Heaven and Earth. In Egyptian cosmology Nut (the Sky) is thrust and held apart from her brother Geb (the Earth) by their father Shu, who corresponds to the Greek Atlas.

8. Nymphs of the ash-trees, as Dryads are nymphs of the oak-trees. Cp. note on Works and Days, l. 145.

9. "Member-loving": the title is perhaps only a perversion of the regular Philomeides (laughter-loving).

10. Cletho (the Spinner) is she who spins the thread of man's life; Lachesis (the Disposer of Lots) assigns to each man his destiny; Atropos (She who cannot be turned) is the "Fury with the abhorred shears."

11. Many of the names which follow express various qualities or aspects of the sea: thus Galene is "Calm", Cymothoe is the "Wave-swift", Pherusa and Dynamene are "She who speeds (ships)" and "She who has power."

12. The "Wave-receiver" and the "Wave-stiller."

13. "The Unerring" or "Truthful"; cp. l. 235.

14. i.e. Poseidon.

15. Goettling notes that some of these nymphs derive their names from lands over which they preside, as Europa, Asia, Doris, Ianeira ("Lady of the Ionians"), but that most are called after some quality which their streams possessed: thus Xanthe is the "Brown" or "Turbid," Amphirho is the "Surrounding" river, Ianthe is "She who delights," and Ocyrrhoe is the "Swift-flowing."

16. i.e. Eos, the "Early-born."

17. Van Lennep explains that Hecate, having no brothers to support her claim, might have been slighted.

18. The goddess of the hearth (the Roman "Vesta"), and so of the house. Cp. Homeric Hymns v.22 ff.; xxxix.1 ff.

19. The variant reading "of his father" (sc. Heaven) rests on inferior MS. authority and is probably an alteration due to the difficulty stated by a Scholiast: "How could Zeus, being not yet begotten, plot against his father?" The phrase is, however, part of the prophecy. The whole line may well be spurious, and is rejected by Heyne, Wolf, Gaisford and Guyet.

20. Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus "a stone of no great size," which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos.

21. A Scholiast explains: "Either because they (men) sprang from the Melian nymphs (cp. l. 187); or because, when they were born (?), they cast themselves under the ash-trees, that is, the trees." The reference may be to the origin of men from ash-trees: cp. Works and Days, l. 145 and note.

22. sc. Atlas, the Shu of Egyptian mythology: cp. note on line 177.

23. Oceanus is here regarded as a continuous stream enclosing the earth and the seas, and so as flowing back upon himself.

24. The conception of Oceanus is here different: he has nine streams which encircle the earth and the flow out into the "main" which appears to be the waste of waters on which, according to early Greek and Hebrew cosmology, the disk-like earth floated.

25. i.e. the threshold is of "native" metal, and not artificial.

26. According to Homer Typhoeus was overwhelmed by Zeus amongst the Arimi in Cilicia. Pindar represents him as buried under Aetna, and Tzetzes reads Aetna in this passage.

27. The epithet (which means literally "well-bored") seems to refer to the spout of the crucible.

28. The fire god. There is no reference to volcanic action: iron was smelted on Mount Ida; cp. Epigrams of Homer, ix. 2-4.

29. i.e. Athena, who was born "on the banks of the river Trito" (cp. l. 929l)

30. Restored by Peppmuller. The nineteen following lines from another recension of lines 889-900, 924-9 are quoted by Chrysippus (in Galen).

31. sc. the aegis. Line 929s is probably spurious, since it disagrees with l. 929q and contains a suspicious reference to Athens.

주석[편집]

  1. 4. Earth, in the cosmology of Hesiod, is a disk surrounded by the river Oceanus and floating upon a waste of waters. It is called the foundation of all (the qualification "the deathless ones ..." etc. is an interpolation), because not only trees, men, and animals, but even the hills and seas (ll. 129, 131) are supported by it.
  2. 5. Aether is the bright, untainted upper atmosphere, as distinguished from Aer, the lower atmosphere of the earth.
  3. 6. Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One.
  4. 7. The myth accounts for the separation of Heaven and Earth. In Egyptian cosmology Nut (the Sky) is thrust (밀다) and held apart from her brother Geb (the Earth) by their father Shu, who corresponds to the Greek Atlas.
  5. 8. Nymphs of the ash-trees, as Dryads are nymphs of the oak-trees. Cp. note on Works and Days, l. 145.
  6. 9. "Member-loving": the title is perhaps only a perversion of the regular Philomeides (laughter-loving 웃음을 좋아하는).
  7. 10. Cletho (the Spinner) is she who spins the thread of man's life; Lachesis (the Disposer of Lots) assigns to each man his destiny; Atropos (She who cannot be turned) is the "Fury with the abhorred shears."
  8. 11. Many of the names which follow express various qualities or aspects of the sea: thus Galene is "Calm", Cymothoe is the "Wave-swift", Pherusa and Dynamene are "She who speeds (ships)" and "She who has power."
  9. 12. The "Wave-receiver" and the "Wave-stiller."
  10. 13. "The Unerring" or "Truthful"; cp. l. 235.
  11. 14. i.e. Poseidon.
  12. 15. Goettling notes that some of these nymphs derive their names from lands over which they preside, as Europa, Asia, Doris, Ianeira ("Lady of the Ionians"), but that most are called after some quality which their streams possessed: thus Xanthe is the "Brown" or "Turbid," Amphirho is the "Surrounding" river, Ianthe is "She who delights," and Ocyrrhoe is the "Swift-flowing."
  13. 16. i.e. Eos, the "Early-born."
  14. 17. Van Lennep explains that Hecate, having no brothers to support her claim, might have been slighted (업신여김을 당하다).
  15. 18. The goddess of the hearth (the Roman "Vesta"), and so of the house. Cp. Homeric Hymns v.22 ff.; xxxix.1 ff.
  16. 19. The variant reading "of his father" (sc. Heaven) rests on inferior MS. authority and is probably an alteration due to the difficulty stated by a Scholiast: "How could Zeus, being not yet begotten, plot against his father?" The phrase is, however, part of the prophecy. The whole line may well be spurious, and is rejected by Heyne, Wolf, Gaisford and Guyet.
  17. 20. Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus "a stone of no great size," which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos.
  18. 21. A Scholiast explains: "Either because they (men) sprang from the Melian nymphs (cp. l. 187); or because, when they were born (?), they cast themselves under the ash-trees, that is, the trees." The reference may be to the origin of men from ash-trees: cp. Works and Days, l. 145 and note.
  19. 22. sc. Atlas, the Shu of Egyptian mythology: cp. note on line 177.
  20. 23. Oceanus is here regarded as a continuous stream enclosing the earth and the seas, and so as flowing back upon himself.
  21. 24. The conception of Oceanus is here different: he has nine streams which encircle the earth and the flow out into the "main" which appears to be the waste of waters on which, according to early Greek and Hebrew cosmology, the disk-like earth floated.
  22. 25. i.e. the threshold is of "native" metal, and not artificial.
  23. 26. According to Homer Typhoeus was overwhelmed by Zeus amongst the Arimi in Cilicia. Pindar represents him as buried under Aetna, and Tzetzes reads Aetna in this passage.
  24. 27. The epithet (which means literally "well-bored") seems to refer to the spout of the crucible.
  25. 28. The fire god. There is no reference to volcanic action: iron was smelted on Mount Ida; cp. Epigrams of Homer, ix. 2-4.
  26. 29. i.e. Athena, who was born "on the banks of the river Trito" (cp. l. 929l)
  27. 30. Restored by Peppmuller. The nineteen following lines from another recension of lines 889-900, 924-9 are quoted by Chrysippus (in Galen).
  28. 31. sc. the aegis. Line 929s is probably spurious, since it disagrees with l. 929q and contains a suspicious reference to Athens.