차의 역사
차의 역사(영어: history of tea)는 수천 년 전부터 시작되었으며, 차 문화는 여러 문화권에 분포되어 있다. 차나무(Camellia sinensis)는 동아시아가 원산지이며, 아마도 중국 남서부 및 미얀마 북부의 국경 지대에서 유래한 것으로 추정된다.[1][2][3] 최초로 차를 음용한 것은 차를 약용 음료로 소비했던 중국 상나라 시대까지 거슬러 올라간다.[4] 차를 마시는 것에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 초기 기록은 중국 후한 말의 의사인 화타가 3세기에 쓴 의학 문헌이다.[5] 차는 16세기 초에 중국과 왕래한 포르투갈의 성직자와 상인들을 통해서 서구 세계에 처음으로 알려지게 되었다.[6] 차를 마시는 것은 17세기 영국에서 대중화되었다. 영국은 차에 대한 중국의 독점과 경쟁하기 위해 영국의 인도 식민지에 상업적인 차를 재배하기 시작했다.[7]
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- ↑ Yamamoto, Kim & Juneja 1997, 4쪽 "For a long time, botanists have asserted the dualism of tea origin from their observations that there exist distinct differences in the morphological characteristics between Assamese varieties and Chinese varieties. Hashimoto and Shimura report that the differences in the morphological characteristics in tea plants are not necessarily the evidence of the dualism hypothesis from the researches using the statistical cluster analysis method. In recent investigations, it has also been made clear that both varieties have the same chromosome number (2n=30) and can be easily hybridized with each other. In addition, various types of intermediate hybrids or spontaneous polyploids of tea plants have been found in a wide area extending over the regions mentioned above. These facts may prove that the place of origin of Camellia sinensis is in the area including Yunnan, and Sichuan districts of China, and the northern part of the Burma."
- ↑ Mary Lou Heiss; Robert J. Heiss. 《The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide》.
Camellia sinensis originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of 29th parallel and 98th meridian, the point of confluence of the lands of southwest China and Tibet
, north Myanmar, and northeast India, citing Mondal (2007) p. 519 - ↑ Heiss & Heiss 2007, 6–7쪽.
- ↑ Mary Lou Heiss; Robert J. Heiss (2011년 3월 23일). 《The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide》. Random House. 31쪽. ISBN 978-1-60774-172-5.
By the time of the Shang dynasty (1766–1050 BC), tea was being consumed in Yunnan Province for its medicinal properties
- ↑ Martin, p. 29: "beginning in the third century CE, references to tea seem more credible, in particular those dating to the time of Hua T'o, a highly respected physician and surgeon"
- ↑ Bennett Alan Weinberg; Bonnie K. Bealer (2001). 《The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug》. Psychology Press. 63쪽. ISBN 978-0-415-92722-2.
The Portuguese traders and the Portuguese Jesuit priests, who like Jesuits of every nation busied themselves with the affairs of caffeine, wrote frequently and favorably to compatriots in Europe about tea.
- ↑ Colleen Taylor Sen (2004). 《Food Culture in India》. Greenwood Publishing Group. 26쪽. ISBN 978-0-313-32487-1.
