사용자:이형주/덴마크 크로네

이형주/덴마크 크로네
사용국	{{{사용국}}}
기호	kr
복수형	크로너 (kroner)
페로 제도에서 사용되기 위해 발행되고 있는 특별한 지폐가 있다. - 페로 제도 크로나를 보시오

덴마크 크로네 (ISO 4217 코드:DKK) 는 덴마크를 포함하여 지방 자치인 그린란드와 페로 제도의 통화이다. 크로네의 복수형은 "크로너" (kroner) 이고 1 크로네는 100 외레 (øre, 단수형, 복수형 둘다 같음)로 나뉜다. 덴마크 국내에서의 약어는 "kr." 이다. 때때로, 변종 단어인 DKR 또는 Dkr 이 보이나, 이 단어들은 공식 단어가 아니다.

역사

Until the late 18th century, the krone was a denomination equal to 8 mark.[2] A new krone was introduced as the currency of Denmark in 1873. It replaced the Danish rigsdaler at a rate of 2 kroner = 1 rigsdaler. The krone was introduced as a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which lasted until World War I. The initial parties to the monetary union were the Scandinavian countries of Sweden and Denmark, with Norway joining two years later. This placed the krone on the gold standard at a rate of 2480 kroner = 1 kilogram fine gold.

The name of the common currency was "krone" in Denmark and Norway (see Norwegian krone), and "krona" in Sweden (both names mean "crown" in English). After the dissolution of the monetary union, Denmark, Norway and Sweden all decided not to change the names of the now separate currencies.

The Scandinavian Monetary Union came to end in 1914 when the gold standard was abandoned. Denmark returned to the gold standard in 1924 but left it permanently in 1931. Between 1940 and 1945, the krone was tied to the German Reichsmark. Following the end of the German occupation, a rate of 24 krone to the British pound was introduced, reduced to 19.34 (4.8 krone = 1 US dollar) in August the same year. Within the Bretton Woods System, Denmark devalued its currency with the pound in 1949 to a rate of 6.91 to the dollar. A further devaluation in 1967 resulted in rates of 7.5 krone = 1 dollar and 18 krone = 1 pound.

페로 제도와 그린란드

페로 제도에서는 덴마크의 동전이 사용되나 별개의 지폐가 있다 (페로 제도 크로나를 보시오). During the British occupation of the islands in World War II, a shortage of small change occurred, which prompted the British to produce copies of Danish 1 øre, 2 øre, 5 øre, 10 øre and 25 øre coins for use on the Faroe Islands, the first three in bronze, the latter two in cupronickel. This issue is identical to pre-war Danish coinage but carries the year 1942 and lacks the tiny heart identifying coins as products of the Royal Danish Mint in Copenhagen. No similar coins were issued this year in Denmark proper, as Denmark shifted to zinc issues this year. Banknotes in circulation in the Faroes were overstamped by the amt administration invalidating the notes outside of the Faroes.

The modern Faroese banknotes were introduced in the 1950s. Although a common misconception, the Faroese króna is not an independent currency, but a separate set of DKK banknotes with a different design.

In Greenland, the colonial administration issued distinct banknotes between 1803 and 1968, together with coins between 1926 and 1964 (see Greenland rigsdaler and Greenland krone). In 2006, the governments of Denmark and the Greenland home rule authority announced that by 2008, distinct Greenlandic banknotes will be introduced. These will, like in the Faroes, have the status of a cosmetic variation of DKK banknotes.

Due to this status, ordinary Danish banknotes are legal tender in both Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and Danish banks exchange notes issued for use in these regions 1:1 for ordinary Danish notes.

Relationship to the euro

Denmark negotiated special "opt-outs" of the Maastricht Treaty that allowed the country to preserve the krone while most other members of the European Union adopted the euro in 1999. A referendum on the currency issue held in 2000 rejected the proposed adoption of the euro. The Liberal-Conservative government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen planned another referendum on the issue in 2004, but these plans were dropped when polls showed decreasing support for the euro. The government is still committed to converting Denmark's currency to the euro eventually.

The krone is pegged to the euro via the ERM II, the European Union's exchange rate mechanism. Before the introduction of the euro, the krone was linked to the German mark, the intention being to keep the krone stable.

It is expected that Denmark will vote about the Danish Euro introduction in 2008 according to Anders Fogh Rasmussen's statement.

동전

크로네화의 동전은 덴마크 국립은행이 발행한다. When the currency was introduced in the 1870s, coins were minted in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 øre and 1, 2, 10 and 20 kroner. The 1, 2 and 5 øre were minted in bronze, the 10 and 25 øre, 1 and 2 kroner in silver, and the 10 and 20 kroner in gold. Production of gold coins ceased in 1917, followed by silver coins in 1919. Iron substituted bronze in 1918 and 1919. In 1920, cupro-nickel 10 and 25 øre were introduced, followed, in 1924, by aluminium-bronze ½, 1 and 2 krone coins.

In 1941, zinc 1, 10 and 25 øre and aluminium 2 and 5 øre coins were introduced, with zinc 2 and 5 øre following the next year. The ½ and 2 kroner denominations were withdrawn. Cupro-nickel 10 and 25 øre coins were reintroduced in 1946, followed by aluminium-bronze 2 kroner coins the next year. In 1960, the 5 kroner coin was introduced and the production of 2 kroner coins ceased. 1 and 2 øre coins were withdrawn in 1963, 10 kroner coins were introduced in 1979. 5 and 10 øre coins were withdrawn in 1986 and are no longer legal tender. Between 1989 and 1992, 50 øre, 2 and 20 kroner coins were introduced, and in 2008 the 25 øre ceased to be legal tender. Thus the following coins are currently in circulation:

Currently Circulated Coins
Value	Technical parameters				Description
	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse
50 øre	21.5 mm	1.55 mm	4.3 g	Tin-bronze	Smooth	Crown of King Christian V	Heart (symbol of the Royal Mint)
1 krone	20.25 mm	1.6 mm	3.6 g	Cupronickel	Milled	Monogram of Queen Margrethe II	Traditional design (holed)
2 kroner	24.5 mm	1.8 mm	5.9 g		Interrupted milling
5 kroner	28.5 mm	2 mm	9.2 g		Milled
10 kroner	23.35 mm	2.3 mm	7 g	Aluminium bronze	Smooth	Queen Margrethe II	Coat of arms
20 kroner	27 mm	2.35 mm	9.3 g		Interrupted milling

The decision to withdraw the 25 øre coin, which went in effect on 1 October 2008, was made due to high costs of production, and a lack of purchasing power for the coin. It is currently still be possible to exchange it at the Danish National Bank for an as of yet undetermined period of time.

지폐

In 1875, the National Bank introduced denominations of 10, 50, 100 and 500 kroner, with 5 kroner following in 1898. From 1891, a number of private banks issued notes, including the Aalborg Kreditbank, the Aarhus Kreditbank, the Dansk Købmandsbank, the Esbjerg Kreditbank, the Fredrikshavn Kreditbank, the Hjørring Kreditbank, the Odense Kreditbank, the Randers Kreditbank, the Thisted Kreditbank, the Varde Kreditbank and the Vejle Kreditbank. Denominations included 10 and 25 øre, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 kroner.

In 1914, 1 krone notes were introduced due to the outbreak of the First World War and were issued until 1921. In 1945, the Allied Command issued notes for 25 øre, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 kroner.

5 kroner notes were replaced by coins in 1960. The next new denomination was not introduced until 1972, when production of 1000 kroner notes began. In 1979, the 10 kroner note was replaced by a coin and 20 kroner notes were introduced, although these have since also been replaced by coins (both are, however, still legal tender).

 이 부분의 본문은 Banknotes of Denmark, 1997 series입니다.

In 1997, a complete new series was issued ranging from 50 to 1000 kroner. During 2002-2005, additional security features were added.

1997 Series [3]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	first printing	issue
[4] [5]	[6] [7]	50 kroner	125 × 72 mm	Purple	Karen Blixen	Centaur from Landet Church	As portrait	1999 2005	7 May 1999 25 August 2005
[8] [9]	[10] [11]	100 kroner	135 × 72 mm	Orange	Carl Nielsen	Basilisk from Tømmerby Church		1999 2002	22 November 1999 27 November 2002
[12] [13]	[14] [15]	200 kroner	145 × 72 mm	Green	Johanne Luise Heiberg	Lion from Viborg Cathedral		1997 2003	10 March 1997 9 April 2003
[16] N/A	[17] N/A	500 kroner	155 × 72 mm	Blue	Niels Bohr	Knight fighting a dragon from Lihme Church		1997 2003	12 September 1997 24 September 2003
[18] N/A	[19] N/A	1000 kroner	165 × 72 mm	Red	Anna, Michael Ancher	Tournament from Bislev Church	Anna Ancher	1998 2004	18 September 1998 25 November 2004
틀:Standard banknote table notice

The current designs of the Danish banknotes are going to be replaced between 2009 and 2012 . The new theme for the banknotes is Danish bridges. The process of designing the new banknotes was initiated in 2006 by the Danish National Bank.

같이 보기

• Banknotes of Denmark, 1972 series
• Banknotes of Denmark, 1997 series
• Scandinavian Monetary Union
• 스웨덴 크로나
• 노르웨이 크로네
• Economy of Denmark
• Economy of Greenland
• Economy of the Faroe Islands

주석

• Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (1991). 《Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991》 18판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.  CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
• Pick, Albert (1994). 《Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues》. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) 7판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9. 
• Pick, Albert (1990). 《Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: Specialized Issues》. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) 6판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-149-8. 

External links

• Royal Mint of Denmark see Denmark's coin series.