동로마 기년법

로마력^{[note 1]}, 콘스탄티노폴리스의 창조기원, 세계기원(Ἔτη Γενέσεως Κόσμου κατὰ Ῥωμαίους,^[1] 또한 Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμου 또는 Ἔτος Κόσμου, 줄여서 ε.Κ.; 고대 그리스어의 직역 우주창조로부터의 로마력)으로 불리는 동로마 기년법은 691년경부터 1728년까지 동방 정교회 세계총대주교청에서 사용한 기년법이었다.^[2]^{[note 2]} 동로마 기년법은 또한 988년부터 1453년까지 동로마 제국의 공식 기년법이었고, 988년부터 1700년까지 키예프 루스와 러시아의 기년법이었다.^{[note 3]} 이 기년법은 세르비아와 같은 비잔틴 연방의 다른 지역에도 사용되었고, 두샨 법전과 같은 오래된 세르비아 법률 문서에서도 발견되어 세르비아 기년법이라고도 불린다. 비잔틴은 역사 편찬의 용어이기 때문에, 원래 이름은 동로마 제국이 스스로를 계속 불렀던 것처럼 "로만"라는 형용사를 사용한다.^{[note 4]}

동로마 기년법은 해는 9월 1일에 시작되었고 햇수는 70인역 성경 버전에서 파생된 Anno Mundi 기원을 사용했다는 이외에는, 율리우스력에 기반을 두고 있다. 이것은 창조의 시기를 예수의 성육신보다 5509년 전으로 두었고, 이미 유대인들과 초기 기독교인들 사이에서 계산된 세계창조(라틴어: Annus Mundi 또는 Ab Origine Mundi— "AM")^{[note 5]}로부터 해를 계산하는 전통이었던 어떤 성향을 특징으로 지어진다. 추정된 창조연대를 표시하는 동로마 기년법의 첫 해는 기원전 5509년 9월 1일부터 기원전 5508년 8월 31일까지이다. 현재의 연도는 (AD 2024) 7532년(9월 1일 전은 7532년 ; 9월 1일 후는 7533년)이다.

같이 보기[편집]

각주[편집]

내용주

↑ The term Byzantine was invented by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557 but was popularized by French scholars during the 18th century to refer to the Roman Empire after the seat of the Empire was moved from Rome to present day Istanbul. Eastern Roman Empire is another invented term not used until after the Roman Empire's defeat by the Ottoman's. The citizens of the empire considered themselves Romaioi ("Romans"), their emperor was the "Roman Emperor", and their empire the Basileia ton Romaion ("Empire of the Romans"). The Latin West designated the empire as "Romania", and the Muslims as "Rum".
↑ (그리스어) "Εἰς ὅλα τὰ πατριαρχικὰ ἕγγραφα μέχρι Φεβρ. 1596 γίνεται χρῆσις τῆς Ἴνδικτιὤνος καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου χρονολογίας, ἐνῶ ἡ μετὰ Χριστὸν χρονολογίαν χρησιμοποιεῖται διἀ πρώτην φορἀν ὕπὸ τοῦ πατριάρχου Θεοφἀνους Ά κατἀ Φεβρ. 1597, κατὀπιν ὕπὸ Κυρίλλου τοῦ Λουκἀρεως τὀ 1626, καθιεροῦται δἐ ἐπισἡμως ὕπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τὀ 1728, ἐπικρατησἀσης τῆς ἀπὀ Χριστοῦ μετἀ τῆς Ἴνδικτιῶνος (Κ. Δελικἀνη, ἔνθ' ἄν., Β', κβ'. Φ. Βαφεἴδου, ἔνθ' ἄν., Γ', 94, Κωνσταντινοὐπολις 1912)."^[2]
↑ "The Era of Byzantium...often cited in the form annus mundi, is usual in the East from the seventh century and all but unknown in the West. The reference point is Creation, 1 September 5509 B.C., which may be compared with the mundane dates computed by Eusebius-Jerome (5198 B.C.), the Era of Alexandria (5502 B.C.), the Hippolytan Era (5500 B.C.), the Jewish Era (3761 B.C.), and the Vulgate date of 3952 B.C. calculated by Bede. The Byzantine Era survived the capture of Constantinople, and was still in use in Russia to the end of the seventeenth century."^[3]
↑ i.e. Eastern Roman Empire. The term Byzantine was invented by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557 but was popularized by French scholars during the 18th century to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire. The citizens of the empire considered themselves Romaioi ("Romans"), their emperor was the "Roman Emperor", and their empire the Basileia ton Romaion ("Empire of the Romans"). The Latin West designated the empire as "Romania", and the Muslims as "Rum".
↑ Significantly, this same phrase – "from the foundation of the world", or "since the dawn of time", (από καταβολής κόσμου, Apo Kataboles Kosmou) – occurs repeatedly in the New Testament, in Matthew 25:34, Luke 11:50, Hebrews 4:3, 9:26, and Revelation 13:8, 17:8. Anno Mundi eras may reflect a desire to use a convenient starting point for historical computation based on the Scriptures.

참조주

↑ Pavel Kuzenkov. "How Old is The World? The Byzantine Era and its Rivals". Institute for World History, Moscow, Russia. In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, Fiona K. Haarer, Judith Gilliland. Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: London, 21–26 August 2006: Vol. 3, Abstracts of Communications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006. pp. 23–24.
↑ ^가 ^나 (그리스어) "Οικουμενικόν Πατριαρχείον", ΘΗΕ, τόμ. 09, εκδ. Μαρτίνος Αθ., Αθήνα 1966, στ. 778.
(영어) "Ecumenical Patriarchate". Religious and Ethical Encyclopedia. Vol. 9., Athens, 1966. p. 778.
↑ R. Dean Ware. "Medieval Chronology: Theory and Practice." In: James M. Powell. Medieval Studies: An Introduction, Second Edition. Syracuse University Press, 1992. pp. 252-277. p. 262.

[1] The term Byzantine was invented by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557 but was popularized by French scholars during the 18th century to refer to the Roman Empire after the seat of the Empire was moved from Rome to present day Istanbul. Eastern Roman Empire is another invented term not used until after the Roman Empire's defeat by the Ottoman's. The citizens of the empire considered themselves Romaioi ("Romans"), their emperor was the "Roman Emperor", and their empire the Basileia ton Romaion ("Empire of the Romans"). The Latin West designated the empire as "Romania", and the Muslims as "Rum".

[ΘΗΕ1-4] (그리스어) "Εἰς ὅλα τὰ πατριαρχικὰ ἕγγραφα μέχρι Φεβρ. 1596 γίνεται χρῆσις τῆς Ἴνδικτιὤνος καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου χρονολογίας, ἐνῶ ἡ μετὰ Χριστὸν χρονολογίαν χρησιμοποιεῖται διἀ πρώτην φορἀν ὕπὸ τοῦ πατριάρχου Θεοφἀνους Ά κατἀ Φεβρ. 1597, κατὀπιν ὕπὸ Κυρίλλου τοῦ Λουκἀρεως τὀ 1626, καθιεροῦται δἐ ἐπισἡμως ὕπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τὀ 1728, ἐπικρατησἀσης τῆς ἀπὀ Χριστοῦ μετἀ τῆς Ἴνδικτιῶνος (Κ. Δελικἀνη, ἔνθ' ἄν., Β', κβ'. Φ. Βαφεἴδου, ἔνθ' ἄν., Γ', 94, Κωνσταντινοὐπολις 1912)."^[2]

[6] "The Era of Byzantium...often cited in the form annus mundi, is usual in the East from the seventh century and all but unknown in the West. The reference point is Creation, 1 September 5509 B.C., which may be compared with the mundane dates computed by Eusebius-Jerome (5198 B.C.), the Era of Alexandria (5502 B.C.), the Hippolytan Era (5500 B.C.), the Jewish Era (3761 B.C.), and the Vulgate date of 3952 B.C. calculated by Bede. The Byzantine Era survived the capture of Constantinople, and was still in use in Russia to the end of the seventeenth century."^[3]

[7] .e. Eastern Roman Empire. The term Byzantine was invented by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557 but was popularized by French scholars during the 18th century to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire. The citizens of the empire considered themselves Romaioi ("Romans"), their emperor was the "Roman Emperor", and their empire the Basileia ton Romaion ("Empire of the Romans"). The Latin West designated the empire as "Romania", and the Muslims as "Rum".

[8] Significantly, this same phrase – "from the foundation of the world", or "since the dawn of time", (από καταβολής κόσμου, Apo Kataboles Kosmou) – occurs repeatedly in the New Testament, in Matthew 25:34, Luke 11:50, Hebrews 4:3, 9:26, and Revelation 13:8, 17:8. Anno Mundi eras may reflect a desire to use a convenient starting point for historical computation based on the Scriptures.

[2] Pavel Kuzenkov. "How Old is The World? The Byzantine Era and its Rivals". Institute for World History, Moscow, Russia. In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, Fiona K. Haarer, Judith Gilliland. Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: London, 21–26 August 2006: Vol. 3, Abstracts of Communications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006. pp. 23–24.

[ΘΗΕ-3] 가 ^나 (그리스어) "Οικουμενικόν Πατριαρχείον", ΘΗΕ, τόμ. 09, εκδ. Μαρτίνος Αθ., Αθήνα 1966, στ. 778.
(영어) "Ecumenical Patriarchate". Religious and Ethical Encyclopedia. Vol. 9., Athens, 1966. p. 778.

[5] R. Dean Ware. "Medieval Chronology: Theory and Practice." In: James M. Powell. Medieval Studies: An Introduction, Second Edition. Syracuse University Press, 1992. pp. 252-277. p. 262.

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