사용자:LubięPolska/Sd.Kfz. 234

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
Sd.Kfz. 234

Sd.Kfz. 234/2의 외형
종류 장갑차
국가 나치 독일
역사
생산년도 1943–1945
생산개수 478 (개량형 포함)
제원
중량 10,500 kg (23,100 lb)
길이 6.02 미터 (19 피트 9 인치)
폭 2.36 미터 (7 피트 9 인치)
높이 2.10 미터 (6 피트 11 인치)
승무원 4
장갑 9–30 mm (0.35–1.18 in) 균질압연장갑
주무장 •(234/1) 20mm 기관포
•(234/2) 50mm L/60 KwK 39/1[2]
•(234/3) 75mm L/24 K 51
•(234/4) 75mm L/46 PaK 40
부무장 7.92 mm MG 42 machine gun
엔진 14,825 cc (905 in3) 타트라 103[1] V12 디젤 (157 kW (211 hp))
서스펜션 독립제어차륜
작전반경 1,000 km (620 mi) 도로; 600 km (370 mi) 험지.
최고속도 90 km/h (56 mph)

234번 특수목적차량은 제 2차 세계 대전 동안 나치 독일에서 설계하고 생산한 장갑차의 한 종류다. 경장갑 차량에, 20, 50 혹은 75 mm 주포를 탑재했고, 타트라 V12엔진을 사용한다.[3] Sd.Kfz. 234는 Sd.Kfz. 231과 비슷한 외형을 지녔다.(8 rad)[4]

개발[편집]

1차 세계 대전 종전 후, 베르사유 조약에 영향을 받지 않았기 때문에 독일에는 일찍이 차륜형 장갑차가 개발되었다. Sd.Kfz. 234는 아크(ARK) 차대에 GS 시리즈에 속하는 초기형 특수목적차량 (231/232/233) 중 성공작에 속한다.

빠른 기동성, 중장갑 차륜형 수색장갑차는 독일 국방군의 이른 폴란드와 프랑스 침공 기간동안 독일 장교들에게 깊은 인상을 주었으나, 설계안에 몇몇 결함이 나타났다. 따라서 국방군의 작전경험을 참고하여 새 장갑차 프로젝트가 1940년 8월,착수되었다.[5] 최신의 뷔싱-나크(Büssing-NAG) Sd.Kfz. 232의 개량형인 Sd.Kfz. 234는 다음해에 설계 되었다.이는 모노코크 8륜 차대를 개발하여, 북아프리카에서 공랭식 엔진을 사용하기 위한 것이다.[6]

차대는 라이프치히-바렌(Leipzig-Wahren)에서 뷔싱-나크(Büssing-NAG)가 설계했으며, 장갑화된 차체는 크레펠트에 독일특수강제작소(Deutsche Edelstahlwerke)에서 제작되었다. 포탑은 베를린-마린펠데(Marienfelde)의 다임러 벤츠와 엘빙에 시하우(Schichau)가, 엔진은 네셀도르프에 링오퍼-타트라공업(Ringhoffer-tatra-werke)이 맡았다.

중무장 정찰 차량. 1944 사진, 앞에는 포탑형 Sd.Kfz 234/2 이 , 뒤에는 단포신 곡사포로 무장된 오픈 탑 Sd.Kfz 234/3가 있다.
타트라(Tatra) 103 엔진, 독일전차박물관, 독일

1942 7월, 첫 프로토타입 평가가 시작 되었다. Due to problems with the excessive noise of the first engine, a second model was developed, the Tatra 103. The vehicle had eight-wheel steering and was able to quickly change direction thanks to a second, rear-facing, driver's seat; the transmission had six forward and reverse gears, with traction over the eight wheels. Power was provided by an air-cooled Tatra 103 diesel engine. The Sd.Kfz. 234 was the first and only German armoured vehicle to use an air cooled diesel engine. This was originally intended as a temporary solution until the engine could be redesigned to function better in harsher tropical climates, however, this never eventuated and thus the Tatra 103 was used until the end of production.

The first and possibly best known version was the Sd.Kfz. 234/2; it had a turret armed with a 5 cm L/60 gun, which was originally intended for the VK 1602 <i id="mwRQ">Leopard</i> light tank. It was produced from late 1943 to mid 1944. This variant was replaced in production by the second version, the Sd.Kfz. 234/1, which had a simpler open turret (Hängelafette 38)[7] armed with a 2 cm KwK 38 gun; it was manufactured from mid 1944 to early 1945.

Sd.Kfz에 사용된 5cm KwK 39/1. 234/2, 뮌스터 전차 박물관

The Sd.Kfz. 234/3, produced simultaneously with the 234/1, served as a support vehicle for the reconnaissance vehicles. It had an open-topped superstructure, in which a short-barreled 7.5 cm K51 L/24 gun was installed. This gun was intended for use against "soft" targets; however, when using a hollow charge shell, the penetration power exceeded that of the 5 cm L/60 gun. This variant was produced from mid 1944 to the end of 1944, before switching production to the 234/4.

The final variant produced was the Sd.Kfz. 234/4, which replaced the L/24 gun with the 7.5 cm L/46 PaK 40. This was yet another attempt to increase the mobility of this anti-tank gun; however, the 234 chassis was stretched to its limits. This variant was manufactured from the end of 1944 to the end of hostilities in 1945.

Service history[편집]

Protracted engine development meant that the desert campaign was over before the 234 arrived, but it nevertheless proved useful on the Eastern and Western Fronts. It was quite formidable, but not many were built before it was replaced by the simpler 234/1, with a 20mm gun, in 1944.[8] The Sd.Kfz. 234 was commonly used in pairs, one equipped with a long-range radio communications kit while the other possessed only a short-range radio. The long-range unit was identifiable by the large "star" antenna on the left side of the vehicle.

Some sources suggest that the Sd.Kfz. 234/2 was used by the following combat units:[9]

파생형[편집]

파일:SdKfz 234-1 front-left-view.jpg
Sd.Kfz. 234/1
Sd.Kfz. 234/3 보빙턴 탱크 박물관, 영국
Sd.Kfz. 234/4 Pakwagen, 뮌스터 기갑박물관, 독일

네 가지 주요 파생형이 있다.

  • 234/1 – 1 x 2 cm KwK 38 L/55 autocannon, 1 x 7.92mm MG 42 machine gun. This design featured an open-topped turret. Around 200 produced.[5]
  • 234/2 – 1 x 5 cm KwK 39 L/60 gun, 1 x MG 42. Employed a fully enclosed turret originally designed for the VK 1602 <i id="mwkA">Leopard</i> light tank. The turret front was protected by 30 밀리미터 (1.2 in) armor at an angle of 20° from the vertical. The sides and rear had 10 mm armor set at 25°, and the top plate was 10 밀리미터 (0.39 in) armor. The gun mantlet was rounded and was 40 to 100 밀리미터 (1.6 to 3.9 in) thick. 101 built between September 1943 and September 1944.[5]
  • 234/3 – 1 x 7.5 cm K51 L/24 gun in open-topped superstructure replacing the turret. 88 built between June and December 1944.
  • 234/4 – 1 x 7.5 cm PaK 40 L/46 gun in open-topped superstructure replacing the turret. 89 built between December 1944 and March 1945.

참조[편집]

  1. ↑ Hogg, p.221, "Sd.Kfz. 234/2".
  2. ↑ Hogg, Ian V. Greenhill Armoured Fighting Vehicles Data Book (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), p.221, "Sd.Kfz. 234/2".
  3. ↑ Fletcher, David. Hup, Two - Three - Four. Classic Military Vehicle, 2001, Volume 1 Issue 4 p. 48-51.
  4. ↑ aa
  5. ↑ 가 나 다 Green, Michael. Anderson, Thomas. Schulz, Frank. German Tanks of World War II. Zenith Imprint, 2000.ISBN 9780760306710
  6. ↑ Hogg and Weeks, p.185, "Sd.Kfz. 232, 233, and 234 (8 rad) Armoured Cars".
  7. ↑ “panzernot.net, Sd.Kfz. 234/2 - The Sd.Kfz. 234”. 2020년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 3월 18일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ Hogg, p.221, "Sd.Kfz. 234/2" & "Sd.Kfz. 234/1".
  9. ↑ “Jentz, cited in "panzernot.net" website”. 2020년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 3월 18일에 확인함. 

출처[편집]

추가 자료[편집]

  • Chamberlain, P.; Doyle, H. L. (1978). 《Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two. A complete illustrated history of German battle tanks, armoured cars, self-propelled guns and semi-tracked vehicles, 1933—1945》. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-202-X. 
  • Jentz, T. L.; Doyle, H. L. (2001). 《Panzerspähwagen. Armored Cars. Sd.Kfz.3 to Sd.Kfz.263》. Panzer Tracts № 13. Boyds, MD: Panzer Tracts. ISBN 0-97084-074-8. 
  • Jentz, Thomas L. 《Schwerer Panzerspähwagen (Sd. Kfz. 234)》. Museum Ordnance Special Number 24. Darlignton Publications. 
  • Ledwoch, Janusz (1997). 《Samochody pancerne (8x8)》. Militaria № 41 (폴란드어). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Militaria. ISBN 83-86209-89-5. 
  • Spielberger, Walter J. (2008). 《Armored Vehicles of the German Army, 1905-1945》. Spielberger German Armor & Military Vehicles Series. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0764329418. 

[[분류:제2차 세계 대전의 독일 기갑 전투 차량]] [[분류:제2차 세계 대전의 장갑차]]

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