사용자:이형주/번역장 5

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이형주/번역장 5
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The Egyptian pound (아랍어: جنيه مصرى‎ Genēh Maṣri  이집트 아랍어 발음: [ɡeˈneː(h) ˈmɑsˤɾi] or in Alexandrian accent: Geni Maṣri  [ˈɡeni ˈmɑsˤɾi]) (sign: E£ or ج.م; code: EGP) is the currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastre, or qirsh (قرش  [ʔeɾʃ]; plural قروش  [ʔʊˈɾuːʃ]; 튀르키예어: Kuruş[1]), or 1,000 milliemes (아랍어: مليم‎  [mælˈliːm]; 프랑스어: Millième).

The ISO 4217 code is EGP. Locally, the abbreviation LE or L.E., which stands for livre égyptienne (French for Egyptian pound) is frequently used. E£ and £E are rarely used. The name Gineih (Genēh / Geni  [ɡeˈneː(h), ˈɡeni]) is derived from the Guinea coin, which had almost the same value of 100 piastres at the end of the 19th century.

History[편집]

In 1834, a Khedival Decree was issued providing for the issuing of an Egyptian currency based on a bimetallic base, i.e.: based on gold and silver. The Egyptian pound, known as the gineih, was introduced, replacing the Egyptian piastre (qirsh) as the chief unit of currency. The piastre continued to circulate as 1⁄100 of a pound, with the piastre subdivided into 40 para. In 1885, the para ceased to be issued, and the piastre was divided into tenths (عشر القرش 'oshr el-qirsh). These tenths were renamed milliemes (malleem) in 1916.

The legal exchange rates were fixed by force of law for important foreign currencies which became acceptable in the settlement of internal transactions. Eventually this led to Egypt using a de facto gold standard between 1885 and 1914, with E£1 = 7.4375 grams pure gold. At the outbreak of World War I, the Egyptian pound was pegged to the British pound sterling at EG£0.975 per GB£1.

The first E£1 banknote issued in 1899

Egypt remained part of the Sterling Area until 1962, when Egypt devalued slightly and switched to a peg to the United States dollar, at a rate of EG£1 = US$2.3. This peg was changed to 1 pound = 2.55555 dollars in 1973 when the dollar was devalued. The pound was itself devalued in 1978 to a peg of 1 pound = 1.42857 dollars (1 dollar = 0.7 pound). The pound floated in 1989; however, the float is tightly managed by the Central Bank of Egypt and foreign exchange controls are in effect.

The National Bank of Egypt issued banknotes for the first time on 3 April 1899. The Central Bank of Egypt and the National Bank of Egypt were unified into the Central Bank of Egypt in 1961.

For a wider history surrounding currency in the region, see British currency in the Middle East.

Coins[편집]

Coins in circulation[2]
Value Debut Image Specifications Description
Obverse Reverse Diameter (mm) Thickness (mm) Mass (g) Composition Obverse Reverse
5 pt * 1984 5qershObverse1984 5qershReverse1984 23 1.2 4.9 Copper 95% Aluminum 5% 3 pyramids of Giza
1992 21 1.1 3.2 Copper 92%
Aluminum 8% 		Islamic pottery
2004/2008 17 1.04 2.4 Steel 94%
Nickel 2%
Copper plating 4%
10 pt * 1984 25 1.35 5.2 Copper 75% Nickel 25% Mosque of Muhammad Ali
1992 23 1.2 4.9 Copper 95% Aluminum 5%
2008 19 1.1 3.2 Steel 94%
Copper 2%
Nickel plating 4%
20 pt * 1984 27 1.4 6 Copper 75% Nickel 25%
1992 25 1.35 5.2 Copper 95%
Aluminum 5% 		Al-Azhar mosque
25 pt 1993 * 1.4
2008 21 1.26 4.5 Steel 94%
Copper 2%
Nickel plating 4%
50 pt 2005 25 1.58 6.5 Copper 75%
Zinc 20%
Nickel 5%
2007 23 1.7 Steel 94%
Nickel 2%
Copper plating 4%
£1 ** 2005 25 1.89 8.5 Bimetal Tutankhamun's mask
Ring Centre
Copper 75%
Nickel 25% 		Copper 75%
Zinc 20%
Nickel 5%
2007/2008 1.96 Steel 94%
Copper 2%
Nickel plating 4% 		Steel 94%
Nickel 2%
Copper plating 4%

* Not in circulation as of 2008.

** As to commemorate the branching of the Suez canal, the obverse had the Arabic phrase, قناة السويس الجديدة "New Suez Canal".

지폐[편집]

1899년, 이집트 국립은행은 지폐를 50 피아스터, E£1, E£5, E£10, E£50와 E£100의 종류로 도입하였다. 1916년과 1917년 사이, 25 피아스터 지폐는 정부의 통화 지폐인 5, 10 피아스터와 함께 더해졌다. 간헐적으로 발행된 5와 10 피아스터는 오늘닐 재무부가 생산한다.

1961년, 이집트 중앙은행은 국립은행로부터 인수했고 issued notes in denominations of 25 and 50 piasters, £1, £5, £10 and £20 notes were introduced in 1976, followed by £100 in 1978, £50 in 1993 and £200 in 2007.[3]

All Egyptian banknotes are bilingual, with Arabic texts and Arabic-Indic numerals on the obverse, and English texts and Arabic numerals on the reverse. Obverse designs tend to feature an Islamic building with reverse designs featuring Ancient Egyptian motifs (buildings, statues and inscriptions). During December 2006, it was mentioned in articles in Al Ahram and Al Akhbar newspapers that there were plans to introduce £200 and £500 notes. As of 2007, there are £200 notes circulating in Egypt and subsequently £500 notes will start circulating. As of the summer of 2009, £1 and 50 pt banknotes are being phased out, replaced by more extensive use of coins. Presumably 25 pt notes will be phased out as well.

현재 시리즈
그림 가치 크기 (mm) 주요 색 설명
앞면 뒷면 앞면 뒷면
£5 145 × 70 Bluish-green 이븐 툴룬의 모스크 A Pharaonic engraving symbolizing the River Nile offering its bounties to the valley.
£10 150 × 70 분홍색 Al Rifa'i Mosque 카프레
£20 155 × 70 Green Mosque of Muhammad Ali A Pharaonic war chariot
£50 160 × 70 Brownish-red Abu Huraiba Mosque 에드푸 신전
£100 165 × 70 보라색 Sultan Hassan Mosque 스핑크스
£200 175 × 80 올리브색 Mosque of Qanybay El-Rammah 앉아있는 서기

Popular denominations and nomenclature[편집]

Used for historical values or jocularly[편집]

Several unofficial popular names are used to refer to different values of Egyptian currency. These include (from the word nickel) nekla [ˈneklæ] for 2 milliemes, ta'rifa [tæʕˈɾiːfæ] for 5 milliemes, shelen [ˈʃelen] (i.e. a shilling) for 5 piastres, bariza [bæˈɾiːzæ] for 10 piastres, and reyal [ɾeˈjæːl] ("real") for 20 piastres.

Used very informally[편집]

Different sums of EGP have special nicknames, for example: 1,000 EGP astek [ˈʔæstek] "rubber band"; 1,000 EGP bako [ˈbæːko, ˈbæːku] "pack"; 1,000,000 EGP arnab [ˈʔæɾnæb] "rabbit"; 1,000,000,000 EGP feel [fiːl] "elephant".

Historical exchange rates[편집]

Pound sterling[편집]

This table shows the value of one British pound sterling in Egyptian pounds:

Date Official rate
1885 to 1949 EGP 0.975
2008 EGP 10.0775
2009 EGP 8.50
2012 EGP 9.68

US dollar[편집]

The historical value of one U.S. dollar in Egyptian pounds from 1885 to 2009

This table shows the historical value of 1.00 USD in Egyptian pounds:

Date Official rate
1789 to 1799 EGP 0.03
1800 to 1824 EGP 0.06
1825 to 1884 EGP 0.14
1885 to 1939 EGP 0.20
1940 to 1949 EGP 0.25
1950 to 1967 EGP 0.36
1968 to 1978 EGP 0.40
1979 to 1988 EGP 0.60
1989 EGP 0.83
1990 EGP 1.50
1991 EGP 3.00
1992 EGP 3.33
1993 to 1998 EGP 3.39
1999 EGP 3.40
2000 EGP 3.42 to EGP 3.75
2001 EGP 3.75 to EGP 4.50
2002 EGP 4.50 to EGP 4.62
2006 EGP 4.82 to EGP 6.25
2004 EGP 6.13 to EGP 6.28
2005 to 2006 EGP 5.75
2007 EGP 5.64 to EGP 5.5
2008 EGP 5.5 to EGP 5.29
2009 EGP 5.75
2010 EGP 5.80
2011 EGP 5.95
2012 EGP 6.36
2013 EGP 6.5 to 6.96

현재 EGP 환율
구글 파이낸스: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY KRW USD INR CNY TRY
야후! 파이낸스: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY KRW USD INR CNY TRY
XE.com: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY KRW USD INR CNY TRY
OANDA: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY KRW USD INR CNY TRY

See also[편집]

References[편집]

  1. ↑ http://egypt.destinations.starwoodhotels.com/Currency.htm
  2. ↑ “Wayback Machine”. 《Web.archive.org》. 2004년 12월 10일. 2017년 10월 15일에 확인함. 
  3. ↑ accessed 2007-04-24

External links[편집]

틀:Economy of Egypt 틀:Currencies of Africa 틀:Currencies of Asia 틀:Pound (currency)

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