국제환경협약 목록
국제환경협약(國際環境協約, International Convention on Environment)은 환경을 보호하기 위해 체결되는 양자간 다자간 국제협약이다. 주로 지구적 차원의 환경을 보전하기 위한 국가별 의무 또는 노력을 규정하고 있다.
환경문제는 이제 한 지역이나 한 국가의 문제가 아니라, 지구 전체의 문제가 되고 있다. 오존층의 파괴, 온실효과로 나타나는 기후 변화, 생물종의 감소 등은 대표적인 지구 환경문제이다. 이에 따라 국제환경분쟁이 많이 발생했으며, 이를 해결하고자 많은 국제환경협약이 맺어지고 있다. 우루과이라운드 이후 그린라운드가 새로운 무역 규제 장벽으로 등장하면서, 국제환경협약에 관한 관심이 계속 높아지고 있다.
1933년부터 현재까지 지구 대기의 보전, 유해 물질 규제, 동·식물보호, 해양 환경 보전, 수질 보전, 자연 보전 등에 관해 이미 체결되었거나 추진 중에 있는 국제환경협약은 모두 170여개에 이른다.
알파벳 순 목록[편집]
- 오르후스 협약 (en:Aarhus Convention), (Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters), Aarhus, 1998
- 알프스 협정 (en:Alpine Convention) (알프스 산지 보호에 관한 협정)
- (en:ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution)
- 남극해양생물자원 보존조약 (Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources), Canberra, 1980.
- 대탄도 미사일 조약 (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty)(ABM Treaty) (ABMT)
- 기후변화 대응을 위한 아시아 태평양 파트너십(Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate)
- 바르셀로나 협약 (Barcelona Convention)
- 바젤협약 (Basel Convention), Basel, 1989.
- 생물무기금지협약 (Biological Weapons Convention)(BWC)
- 본 협약 (Bonn Convention)
- 카르파티아산맥 협약 (Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians)
- 카르타헤나 의정서 (Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety)
- 화학 무기 금지 조약 (Chemical Weapons Convention)
- 중국-호주 철새 조약 (China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement)
- 멸종위기에 처한 야생동식물종의 국제거래에 관한 협약 (CITES, Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna)
- 기후 변화에 관한 국제 연합 기본 협약 (Climate Change Agreement)
- 포괄적 핵실험 금지 조약 (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty)(CTBT)
- 남극의 바다표범보호에 관한 협약 (Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals)
- 아비장 협약 (Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region), Abidjan, 1981.
- 지중해 보호를 위한 바르셀로나 협약 (Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea), Barcelona, 1976.
- (Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region), Cartagena de Indias, 1983.
- (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-east Pacific), Lima, 1981.
- 북동대서양 해양환경보호 협약 (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic) (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992.
- (Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region), Nouméa, 1986.
- (Convention of the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region), Nairobi, 1985.
- 핵사고 또는 방사능 긴급사태시 지원에 관한 협약 (Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency) (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986.
- 생물다양성 협약 (Convention on Biological Diversity) (CBD), Nairobi, 1992.
- 특정 재래식무기 금지협약 (Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons)
- (Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels) (CRTD), Geneva, 1989.
- 집속탄 금지 협약 (Convention on Cluster Munitions)
- 핵사고의 조기통보에 관한 협약 (Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident) (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986.
- 어업 및 공해생물자원보존에 관한 협약 (Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas)
- 대기오염물질의 장거리 이동에 관한 협약 (Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution)
- (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic) (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992.
- 원자력안전에 관한 협약 (Convention on Nuclear Safety), Vienna, 1994.
- 원자력손해에 있어서 민사책임에 관한 빈 협약 (Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage), Vienna, 1963.
- (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats)
- 이동성 야생동물종의 보전에 관한 협약 (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals), (CMS), Bonn, 1979.
- 멸종위기에 처한 야생동식물종의 국제거래에 관한 협약 (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna), (CITES), Washington DC, 1973.
- 런던 협약 (폐기물 및 그 밖의 물질의 투기에 의한 해양오염방지에 관한 협약, London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter)
- 환경 변경 기술사용금지협약 (Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques)
- 국경하천 및 국제호수의 보호 및 사용에 관한 협약 (Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes) (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992.
- (Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents), Helsinki, 1992.
- 람사르 협약 (물새 서식지로서 국제적으로 주요한 습지에 관한 협약, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat) (notably not a (Multilateral Environmental Agreement)
- 국제 연합 사막화 방지 협약 (Convention to Combat Desertification) (CCD), Paris, 1994.
- (Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution), Bucharest, 1992.
- (Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area) (1992 Helsinki Convention), Helsinki, 1992.
- (Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme)
- (Convention on the ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa), Bamako, 1991.
- (EMEP Protocol)
- (Nitrogen Oxide Protocol)
- (Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol)
- (Sulphur Emissions Reduction Protocol)s 1985 and 1994
- (Heavy Metals Protocol)
- (POP Air Pollution Protocol)
- (Multi-effect Protocol) (Gothenburg protocol)[1]
- 생명공학관련 발명의 법적 보호에 관한 EU 지침 (Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions)
- (Energy Community) (Energy Community South East Europe Treaty) (ECSEE)
- (Espoo Convention) (Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context), Espoo, 1991.
- (European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways) (AND), Geneva, 2000.
- (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) (ADR), Geneva, 1957.
- (FAO International Code of Conduct on the distribution and use of Pesticides), Rome, 1985.
- (FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources), Rome, 1983.
- 기후 변화에 관한 국제 연합 기본 협약 (Framework Convention on Climate Change) (UNFCCC), New York, 1992.
- (Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea)
- 제네바 의정서 (Geneva Protocol) (Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare)
- 1973년 선박으로부터의 오염방지를 위한 국제협약 및 1978년 의정서 (MARPOL 73/78|International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships)
- 대서양 참치의 보존에 관한 국제협약 (International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966.
- 1954년 유류에 의한 해양의 오염방지를 위한 국제협약 (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil), London, 1954, 1962, 1969
- 국제포경규제협약 (International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling) (ICRW), Washington, 1946.
- (International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture)
- 1983년 국제열대목재 협정 (International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983) (expired)
- 1994년 국제열대목재 협정 (International Tropical Timber Agreement), (ITTA), Geneva, 1994.
- (Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution), Kuwait, 1978.
- (Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment), Jeddah, 1982.
- 교토의정서 (Kyoto Protocol) - greenhouse gas emission reductions
- (Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918)
- (Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer), Montreal, 1989.
- (North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation)
- (Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty)
- (Putrajaya Declaration of Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia), Malaysia, 2003.
- 람사르 협약 (Ramsar Convention) (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat), Ramsar, 1971.
- 로테르담 협약(Rotterdam Convention) (특정 유해화학물질 및 농약의 국제교역에 있어서 사전통보승인에 관한 로테르담 협약, Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade), Rotterdam, 1998.
- 잔류성 유기오염물질에 관한 스톡홀름협약 (Stockholm Convention) (Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants) Stockholm, 2001.
- 부분적 핵실험 금지 조약 (Treaty of Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere in Outer Space and Under Water)
- 포괄적 핵실험 금지 조약 (CTBT; Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty) 1996
- 해양법에 관한 국제 연합 협약 (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)
- 국제 연합 사막화 방지 협약 (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)
- 기후 변화에 관한 국제 연합 기본 협약 (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
- 빈 협약 (오존층 보호에 관한 빈 협약, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer), Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal 1987.
- 원자력손해에 있어서 민사책임에 관한 빈 협약 (Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage), Vienna, 1963.
- (Waigani Convention) (Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region), Waigani, 1995.
- (Western Regional Climate Action Initiative)
