문다족

	문다족
	; 문다족 여자
	언어
	문다어파
	종교
	다양
	민족계통
	오스트로아시아족
기원·발상	동남아시아

문다족은 인도 아대륙의 동부 및 중부 지역에 거주하는 오스트로아시아어족 계열의 문다어파 언어를 사용하는 민족 집단으로, 이전에는 콜라리아어로도 알려져 있었으며 약 900만 명이 사용한다.

역사

언어학자 파울 시드웰에 따르면 문다족은 약 4000-3500년 전에 동남아시아에서 오디샤 해안에 도착했다.^[1] 동남아시아에서 온 문다족은 퍼져 현지 인도인 인구와 광범위하게 혼혈되었다.^[2] 로버트 파킨(Robert Parkin)은 "문다(Munda)"라는 용어가 오스트로아시아어 계열에 속하지 않고 산스크리트어에서 유래했다고 지적한다.^[3]

민족 집단

문다족의 친척

일부 민족 집단은 문다어를 모국어로 사용하지 않지만 유전적 증거는 일부 문다어 유전 혈통의 유전자 흐름을 암시한다.^[4]

각주

↑ Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018 Archived 2019년 5월 3일 - 웨이백 머신. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.
↑ Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). 《Origin of the Tai People 3: Genetic and Archaeological Approaches》 (영어). Booksmango. 71쪽. ISBN 9781633239623. 2019년 10월 3일에 확인함.
↑ Parkin, Robert (1993). “Second Reply to Pfeffer” (PDF). 《옥스퍼드 대학교》. 161쪽. 2020년 9월 16일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 12월 18일에 확인함. The term 'Munda' is of Sanskritic origin and therefore not original in any sense to Austroasiatic speakers, although it has come to be used by one tribe as an alternative to their own term 'Horo' (Le. Roy's group; cf. Pfeffer above, p. 154; also Parkin 1990: 17, 23).
↑ Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Tamang, Rakesh; Pennarun, Erwan; Dubey, Pavan; Rai, Niraj; Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar; Meena, Rajendra Prasad; Patel, Jayanti R; van Driem, George (2017년 10월 12일). “Erratum: Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond”. 《European Journal of Human Genetics》 25 (11): 1291. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2017.46. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 5643977. PMID 29023439. "By considering the case of language shift we modelled the scenario considering Gond originally as an Austroasiatic population, which has recently changed its language to Dravidian. In this case, we should expect a largely similar amount of chunks donated by an outlier distant Austroasiatic population (Bonda) to Gonds and their present Austroasiatic (both North and South Munda) neighbours. However, this was not the case in our analysis, and we observed significantly higher Bonda chunks among North and South Munda neighbours than any Gond group."

외부 링크

http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-66EE-3@view Munda languages in RWAAI Digital Archive

[1] Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018 Archived 2019년 5월 3일 - 웨이백 머신. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.

[2] Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). 《Origin of the Tai People 3: Genetic and Archaeological Approaches》 (영어). Booksmango. 71쪽. ISBN 9781633239623. 2019년 10월 3일에 확인함.

[3] Parkin, Robert (1993). “Second Reply to Pfeffer” (PDF). 《옥스퍼드 대학교》. 161쪽. 2020년 9월 16일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 12월 18일에 확인함. The term 'Munda' is of Sanskritic origin and therefore not original in any sense to Austroasiatic speakers, although it has come to be used by one tribe as an alternative to their own term 'Horo' (Le. Roy's group; cf. Pfeffer above, p. 154; also Parkin 1990: 17, 23).

[4] Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Tamang, Rakesh; Pennarun, Erwan; Dubey, Pavan; Rai, Niraj; Upadhyay, Rakesh Kumar; Meena, Rajendra Prasad; Patel, Jayanti R; van Driem, George (2017년 10월 12일). “Erratum: Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond”. 《European Journal of Human Genetics》 25 (11): 1291. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2017.46. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 5643977. PMID 29023439. "By considering the case of language shift we modelled the scenario considering Gond originally as an Austroasiatic population, which has recently changed its language to Dravidian. In this case, we should expect a largely similar amount of chunks donated by an outlier distant Austroasiatic population (Bonda) to Gonds and their present Austroasiatic (both North and South Munda) neighbours. However, this was not the case in our analysis, and we observed significantly higher Bonda chunks among North and South Munda neighbours than any Gond group."

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