기초 영어

쉬운 영어(Basic English, Simple English)는 영국의 언어학자 찰스 케이 오그던이 국제보조어로 활용과 제2외국어로서의 영어교육을 목적으로 고안한, 영어를 기반으로 하는 제한자연어이다. 1930년 오그던의 저서 "Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar"에서 처음 제시되었다.

간혹 Basic English(쉬운 영어)의 BASIC은 대문자로 표기되어 "British American Scientific International Commercial"의 약자라 일컬어지기도 한다.

오늘날에도 오그던의 쉬운 영어가 제시한 BE 850은 특히 아시아권 국가의 영어교육에 널리 활용되고 있다.

문법

쉬운 영어는 일반 영어와 비슷하지만 문법이 훨씬 간단하고 예외가 적다. 각각의 단어가 갖는 모든 의미가 허용되지는 않는다.

오그던의 쉬운 영어 문법은 일상생활을 850개의 단어로 표현할 수 있도록 하고 있다.

1. 명사(noun)의 복수형은 단어 끝에 "-s"를 붙여서 만든다. "-es"나 "-ies"와 같은 형태의 복수형을 만드는 방법이 따로 있다면 그에 따른다.
2. 150개의 형용사(adjective)의 활용에 쓰이는 어미는 "-er"과 "-est" 두 종류가 있다.
3. 동사의 활용에 쓰이는 어미는 "-ing"와 "-ed" 두 종류가 있다.
4. 수식어구(특히 형용사)에 '-ly'를 붙여 부사(adverb)를 만든다.
5. 양(量)을 표현할 때에는 "more"나 "most"를 사용한다. "-er"이나 "-est"를 활용하는 방법도 기억한다.
6. 형용사의 반댓말을 만들 때에는 접두어 "un-"을 사용한다.
7. 의문문을 만들 때에는 "Do"를 사용하여 어순을 바꾼다.
8. 동작 단어(operator)와 대명사(pronoun)의 활용은 일반 영어와 같다.
9. 명사와 명사를 합쳐서(예를 들면 milkman), 또는 명사와 지시어(directive)를 합쳐서(예를 들어 sundown) 복합어(compounds)를 만든다.
10. 양(量), 수(數), 돈, 년(年), 월(月), 일(日), 시간과 국제어(international word)는 영어의 표기형태를 따른다. (예를 들어 날짜와 시간은 다음과 같이 표현한다. 20 May 1972 at 21:00)
11. 산업용어나 과학용어를 사용한다. 예를 들어, 이 문법 설명에서는 몇 가지 특별한 문법용어(plural(복수형), conjugate(활용), noun(명사), adjective(형용사), adverb(부사), qualifier(수식어), operator(동작 단어), pronoun(대명사), directive(지시어))가 사용되는데, 이것은 기본 영어에 포함되지 않는다.

단어

오그던은 쉬운 영어에서 사용하는 기본 단어로 850개를 선별하였다. 이후에 국제 단어 350개, 일반 용어 300개를 더하여 BE 1500이 추가로 제시되었고, 쉬운 영어 위키백과에서는 이 BE 1500의 사용이 권장되고 있다.

BE 850

동작 단어

100 단어

come • get • give • go • keep • let • make • put • seem • take • be • do • have • say • see • send • may • will

about • across • after • against • among • at • before • between • by • down • from • in • off • on • over • through • to • under • up • with

as • for • of • till • than

a • the • all • any • every • little • much • no • other • some • such • that • this • I • he • you • who

and • because • but • or • if • though • while • how • when • where • why

again • ever • far • forward • here • near • now • out • still • then • there • together • well

almost • enough • even • not • only • quite • so • very • tomorrow • yesterday

north • south • east • west • please • yes

사물 단어

기본 단어 400개

account • act • addition • adjustment • advertisement • agreement • air • amount • amusement • animal • answer • apparatus • approval • argument • art • attack • attempt • attention • attraction • authority • back • balance • base • behavior • belief • birth • bit • bite • blood • blow • body • brass • bread • breath • brother • building • burn • burst • business • butter • canvas • care • cause • chalk • chance • change • cloth • coal • color • comfort • committee • company • comparison • competition • condition • connection • control • cook • copper • copy • cork • cotton • cough • country • cover • crack • credit • crime • crush • cry • current • curve • damage • danger • daughter • day • death • debt • decision • degree • design • desire • destruction • detail • development • digestion • direction • discovery • discussion • disease • disgust • distance • distribution • division • doubt • drink • driving • dust • earth • edge • education • effect • end • error • event • example • exchange • existence • expansion • experience • expert • fact • fall • family • father • fear • feeling • fiction • field • fight • fire • flame • flight • flower • fold • food • force • form • friend • front • fruit • glass • gold • government • grain • grass • grip • group • growth • guide • harbor • harmony • hate • hearing • heat • help • history • hole • hope • hour • humor • ice • idea • impulse • increase • industry • ink • insect • instrument • insurance • interest • invention • iron • jelly • join • journey • judge • jump • kick • kiss • knowledge • land • language • laugh • law • lead • learning • leather • letter • level • lift • light • limit • linen • liquid • list • look • loss • love • machine • man • manager • mark • market • mass • meal • measure • meat • meeting • memory • metal • middle • milk • mind • mine • minute • mist • money • month • morning • mother • motion • mountain • move • music • name • nation • need • news • night • noise • note • number • observation • offer • oil • operation • opinion • order • organization • ornament • owner • page • pain • paint • paper • part • paste • payment • peace • person • place • plant • play • pleasure • point • poison • polish • porter • position • powder • power • price • print • process • produce • profit • property • prose • protest • pull • punishment • purpose • push • quality • question • rain • range • rate • ray • reaction • reading • reason • record • regret • relation • religion • representative • request • respect • rest • reward • rhythm • rice • river • road • roll • room • rub • rule • run • salt • sand • scale • science • sea • seat • secretary • selection • self • sense • servant • sex • shade • shake • shame • shock • side • sign • silk • silver • sister • size • sky • sleep • slip • slope • smash • smell • smile • smoke • sneeze • snow • soap • society • son • song • sort • sound • soup • space • stage • start • statement • steam • steel • step • stitch • stone • stop • story • stretch • structure • substance • sugar • suggestion • summer • support • surprise • swim • system • talk • taste • tax • teaching • tendency • test • theory • thing • thought • thunder • time • tin • top • touch • trade • transport • trick • trouble • turn • twist • unit • use • value • verse • vessel • view • voice • walk • war • wash • waste • water • wave • wax • way • weather • week • weight • wind • wine • winter • woman • wood • wool • word • work • wound • writing • year

묘사 단어 200개

angle • ant • apple • arch • arm • army • baby • bag • ball • band • basin • basket • bath • bed • bee • bell • berry • bird • blade • board • boat • bone • book • boot • bottle • box • boy • brain • brake • branch • brick • bridge • brush • bucket • bulb • button • cake • camera • card • cart • carriage • cat • chain • cheese • chest • chin • church • circle • clock • cloud • coat • collar • comb • cord • cow • cup • curtain • cushion • dog • door • drain • drawer • dress • drop • ear • egg • engine • eye • face • farm • feather • finger • fish • flag • floor • fly • foot • fork • fowl • frame • garden • girl • glove • goat • gun • hair • hammer • hand • hat • head • heart • hook • horn • horse • hospital • house • island • jewel • kettle • key • knee • knife • knot • leaf • leg • library • line • lip • lock • map • match • monkey • moon • mouth • muscle • nail • neck • needle • nerve • net • nose • nut • office • orange • oven • parcel • pen • pencil • picture • pig • pin • pipe • plane • plate • plough/plow • pocket • pot • potato • prison • pump • rail • rat • receipt • ring • rod • roof • root • sail • school • scissors • screw • seed • sheep • shelf • ship • shirt • shoe • skin • skirt • snake • sock • spade • sponge • spoon • spring • square • stamp • star • station • stem • stick • stocking • stomach • store • street • sun • table • tail • thread • throat • thumb • ticket • toe • tongue • tooth • town • train • tray • tree • trousers • umbrella • wall • watch • wheel • whip • whistle • window • wing • wire • worm

평가 단어

일반 단어 100개

able • acid • angry • automatic • beautiful • black • boiling • bright • broken • brown • cheap • chemical • chief • clean • clear • common • complex • conscious • cut • deep • dependent • early • elastic • electric • equal • fat • fertile • first • fixed • flat • free • frequent • full • general • good • great • grey/gray • hanging • happy • hard • healthy • high • hollow • important • kind • like • living • long • male • married • material • medical • military • natural • necessary • new • normal • open • parallel • past • physical • political • poor • possible • present • private • probable • quick • quiet • ready • red • regular • responsible • right • round • same • second • separate • serious • sharp • smooth • sticky • stiff • straight • strong • sudden • sweet • tall • thick • tight • tired • true • violent • waiting • warm • wet • wide • wise • yellow • young

반댓말 50개

awake • bad • bent • bitter • blue • certain • cold • complete • cruel • dark • dead • dear • delicate • different • dirty • dry • false • feeble • female • foolish • future • green • ill • last • late • left • loose • loud • low • mixed • narrow • old • opposite • public • rough • sad • safe • secret • short • shut • simple • slow • small • soft • solid • special • strange • thin • white • wrong

바깥 고리

• Charles Kay Ogden, Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar, London: Paul Treber
• Charles Kay Ogden, Basic English and Grammatical Reform, Cambridge: The Orthological Institute. (1937).
• ogden.basic-english.org Ogden's books and wordlists online and several discussions.
• www.basic-english.org Ongoing project to support and update Ogden's Basic (with downloads).
• THE REFERENCE SHELF Vol. 17. No. 1 A discussion about Basic English, with supporters and critics.
• VOA News - Voice of America Special English - News Radio for English Learners
• Online tool which might help you to write Basic English texts - Detect words which are not in some dictionary. Ogden's Basic English dictionary list included.
• Essential World English - some criticisms of Basic English and suggestions for overcoming its problems