사용자:HyunDalGuJi/헤일로: 전쟁의 서막

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
헤일로 프랜차이즈
시리즈의 정식 로고
개발사번지
앙상블 스튜디오
로봇 엔터테인먼트
343 인더스트리
Certain Affinity
배급사마이크로소프트 게임 스튜디오
플랫폼Xbox, Xbox 360, 윈도우즈/맥-PC 기반
첫 번째 게임헤일로: 전쟁의 서막
2001 년 11 월 15
최근 게임헤일로: 리치
2010 년 9 월 14

Halo is a science fiction video game franchise created by Bungie and owned and published by [[Microsoft

Game Studios]]. The series centers on the interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the

Covenant. The Covenant worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners,

who perished in combat with the parasitical Flood. The main trilogy of games center on the experiences of

the Master Chief, John-117, a cybernetically-enhanced human super-soldier, and his

artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana. In this setting, the term "Halo" refers to [[Halo (megastructure)

|Halo megastructures]]: large, habitable ringed structures, similar to the Orbitals in Iain M Banks' [[The

Culture|Culture]] novels, or to smaller versions of Larry Niven's Ringworld.[1][2]

The series has been praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered

the Microsoft Xbox's "killer app".[3] This has led to the term "Halo killer" being used to describe

console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than Halo.[4] Fueled by the success of Halo: Combat Evolved, and immense marketing campaigns

from publisher Microsoft, its sequels went on to break various sales records. Halo 3 sold more than [[United States

dollar|US$]]170 million worth of copies in the first twenty-four hours of release, breaking the record set by [[Halo

2]] three years prior.[5][6] Halo: Reach, in turn,

broke the record set by Halo 3, selling $200 million USD worth of copies on its first day.[7]The games have sold over

34 million copies worldwide, and all Halo merchandise has grossed more than $1.7 billion.

Strong sales of the games led to the franchise's expansion to other mediums; there are multiple bestselling novels, [[graphic

novel]]s, and other licensed products. Beyond the original trilogy, other "Halo" games have branched

off into other video game genres, including Halo Wars, a real-time strategy game produced as developer

Ensemble Studios' last project. Bungie also contributed the expansion Halo 3: ODST and a prequel [[Halo:

Reach]], their last project for the franchise. Much of the series' award-winning music was composed by Martin O'Donnell

and his partner Michael Salvatori; soundtracks have been released for all games in the series. The cultural impact of the

Halo series has been compared by writer Brian Bendis to that of Star Wars.[8] The collective group of fans of the series is

referred to as the "Halo Nation".[9][10]

Story[편집]

In the past, an intelligent race called The Forerunners used their advanced technology to protect life, but were caught off-

guard by an alien parasite known as the Flood. The Flood, which spread through infestation of sentient life,

threatened and overran many worlds in the galaxy before the Forerunners could attempt to contain the threat. A group of

Forerunners conceived a final solution—using an installation known as the Ark, they built seven large ring-shaped

megastructures known as Halos. The Halo Array, when activated, would destroy all sentient life in

the galaxy—depriving the Flood of their food. Delaying as long as they could, the Forerunners finally activated the rings and

disappeared.[10]

Tens of thousands of years later in the 26th century, humanity—under the auspices of the [[Factions of Halo#United

Nations Space Command|United Nations Space Command]] or UNSC—colonize many worlds thanks to the development of faster-than-

light "slipstream" travel. Tensions escalate between the older and more stable "Inner

Colonies" and the remote "Outer Colonies", leading to civil war. The UNSC creates an elite group of enhanced supersoldiers,

known as Spartans, to suppress the rebellion covertly.[11] In the year 2525 the human colony of Harvest falls

under attack by a theocratic alliance of alien races known as the Covenant. The Covenant leadership

declares humanity heretics and an affront to their gods—the Forerunners—and begins to methodically exterminate human worlds.

The Covenant's superior technology and numbers prove decisive advantages; though effective, the Spartans are too few in

number to turn the tide of battle in humanity's favor.

In 2552, the Covenant arrive at Reach, the UNSC's last major stronghold, and launch an invasion of the planet. The last

Spartans and UNSC military are unable to stop the Covenant from bombarding the surface with plasma. Following directives to

avoid leading the Covenant to Earth, the artificial intelligence (AI) Cortana aboard the fleeing UNSC ship Pillar of

Autumn selects coordinates that lead the ship to a Halo installation. The Covenant follow, damaging the Autumn and

leading its crew to take the fight to the ring's surface. The Covenant accidentally release Flood imprisoned on the ring; in

order to nullify the threat, the ring's AI caretaker, 343 Guilty Spark, enlists the

help of the Spartan, Master Chief. Before the pair can activate Halo's defenses, however, Cortana

reveals that Halo's activation would mean their own destruction. Master Chief and Cortana instead detonate the

Autumn's engines, destroying Halo and preventing the escape of the Flood. They and a few other human survivors return

to Earth, warning of an impending Covenant attack.

Soon after, a Covenant fleet arrives at Earth. Most of the fleet is destroyed, but a single ship under the command of one of

the Covenant's Hierarchs, the Prophet of Regret, breaks through the human defenses and invades the African city of New

Mombasa. Before the humans can assault Regret's carrier, he retreats through a slipspace portal, pursued by the Master Chief

aboard the human ship In Amber Clad. Regret travels to another Halo installation, where the Master Chief kills Regret.

Inner turmoil in the Covenant leads to civil war between the various member races. Learning that the activation of the Halo

Array (a central tenet of the Covenant religion) would lead to their extinction, the Covenant warrior [[Arbiter (Halo)

|Arbiter]] and his brethren ally with humanity to stop the rings from being fired. The aborted activation of the ring puts

all the Halo installations on standby: the remaining rings can be activated remotely from a location known as "[[Halo

(megastructure)#The Ark|The Ark]]".

The Covenant begin a full-scale invasion of Earth and excavate a Forerunner artifact in the African desert that creates a

slipspace portal to the Ark. The Master Chief and Arbiter travel through the portal to kill the last High Prophet, Truth, and

discover the installation is building a new Halo ring to replace the one destroyed previously. In order to destroy the

spreading infestation led by the Flood intelligence Gravemind, the Master Chief activates the incomplete ring—as the Ark

lies outside the Milky Way Galaxy, the blast destroys the Flood but spares the galaxy at large. Because the ring's

construction is incomplete, the resulting pulse destroys the ring and damages the Ark. The Arbiter escapes the explosion, but

the Master Chief and Cortana are left drifting in space, trapped in the severed rear half of their ship. The Master Chief

cryonically freezes himself as he and Cortana wait for rescue. In the legendary ending, the rear half is seen

floating towards an unknown planet.

Games[편집]

Main trilogy[편집]

파일:Halo 1 2 and 3 covers.jpg
The covers of Halo: Combat Evolved, the Halo 2 Limited Edition and the Halo 3 Legendary Edition
<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Halo: Combat Evolved, Halo 2 및 Halo 3입니다.

Originally developed as a real-time strategy game for the Apple Macintosh platform, Halo: Combat Evolved went

through several iterations before arriving at the console first person shooter for which it is recognized.[12] When the developers, Bungie,

were bought by Microsoft in 2001, the game was rapidly finished and became an Xbox launch title and platform

exclusive.[13] Released on November 15, 2001, the Xbox version of [[Halo: Combat

Evolved]] is the first Halo video game.[14] The games of the main trilogy are first-person shooters, with the player experiencing most

action from the protagonist's perspective.[15]

Combat Evolved introduced many gameplay and plot themes common to the whole trilogy. Players battle various aliens on

foot and in vehicles to complete objectives, while attempting to uncover the secrets of the eponymous Halo. One concept

introduced in Halo: Combat Evolved, is limiting the number of weapons players could carry to two, forcing them to

carefully select their preferred armament.[16] Players fight with ranged and melee attacks, as well as a limited number of

grenades. Bungie refers to the "weapons-grenades-melee" format as the "Golden Triangle of Halo",[17] which has remained fundamentally unchanged throughout the trilogy. In Halo: Combat

Evolved, the player's health is measured in both hit points and a continually recharging energy shield.[18] A PC and Mac port was

later developed by Gearbox Software, and released on September 30 and November 11, 2003 respectively.[19][20] A stand-alone

expansion, entitled Halo: Custom Edition, was released as a PC exclusive, and allowed players to create custom content

for the game.

Its sequel, Halo 2 was released on the Xbox on November 9, 2004 and later for Windows Vista on May 17, 2007. For

the first time, the game was released in two different editions: a standard edition with just the game disc and traditional

Xbox packaging, and the Collector's Edition with a specially designed aluminum case, along with an additional bonus DVD,

extra booklet, and slightly different user manual. Halo 2 introduced new gameplay elements, chief among them the ability

to hold and fire two weapons simultaneously, known as "dual wielding".[21] Unlike its predecessor, Halo 2 fully supports online multiplayer via [[Xbox

Live]]. The game uses "matchmaking" to facilitate joining online matches by grouping players looking for certain types of

games.[21] This was a change from the more traditional "server list" approach which was used to find

matches in online games at this time. Upon release, Halo 2 became the game played by the most people on the Xbox Live

service that week; regaining this title every week for over two years — the longest streak any game has held the spot.[22]

Halo 3 is the third and final game in the main Halo trilogy, ending the story arc begun in Halo: Combat

Evolved.[23] The game was

released on the Xbox 360 on September 25, 2007.[24] It adds to the series new vehicles, new weapons, and a class of items called equipment.[25] The game also

includes a limited map-editing tool known as the Forge, which allows players to insert game objects, such as weapons and

crates, into existing multiplayer map geometry.[26] Players can also save a recording of their gameplay sessions, and view them as video,

from any angle.[27]

Other games[편집]

<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Halo Wars, Halo 3: ODST 및 Halo: Reach입니다.

The success of the main Halo trilogy has spurred the creation of spin-offs. Halo Wars is a real-time strategy

game developed by Ensemble Studios for the Xbox 360. Set in the year 2531, the game takes place 21 years prior to the

events of Halo: Combat Evolved. According to Ensemble, much effort has been expended into developing a control scheme

that is simple and does not have issues like those in other console strategy games.[28] The game was announced at

X06 and released in February and March 2009.

In a July 2008 interview with MTV, Microsoft’s head of Xbox business, Don Mattrick, stated that Bungie was working on

a new Halo game for Microsoft, independent of other Halo projects. An announcement of the new Halo project

was expected at the 2008 E3 game exposition, which Bungie stated "has been building

for several months", but was delayed by their publisher Microsoft.[29] The Halo announcement was to be part of

Microsoft's 150-minute E3 presentation, and was cut to trim the presentation down to 90 minutes; Microsoft stated it wanted

to give the game its own dedicated event.[30] After the release of an ambiguous teaser trailer on September

25,[31] the project was revealed as Halo 3: Recon, later

changed to Halo 3: ODST. Set between the events of Halo 2 and Halo 3, players take control of elite human

soldiers called Orbital Drop Shock Troopers (ODST). The game was released on September 22, 2009.[32]

Announced at E3 2009, Halo: Reach is a prequel to the main trilogy; it is Bungie's last Halo game, and was

released September 14, 2010. Players control Noble 6, a "Hyper Lethal Vector" who is one of the members of the Spartan squad

"Noble Team" as they defend Reach against the Covenant. The ending of the game directly leads into the events of Combat

Evolved.

Cancelled and related projects[편집]

<nowiki /> [[:I Love Bees and Marketing for Halo 3]] 문서에 이 부분의 추가 정보가 있습니다.

Alternate reality games were used to promote the release of the games in the main trilogy. The

Cortana Letters, a series of cryptic email messages, were circulated by Bungie prior to Halo: Combat

Evolved's release.[33] I Love Bees, an alternate reality game, was used to promote the release of Halo 2. The game focused

on a website created by 42 Entertainment, commissioned by Microsoft and endorsed by Bungie. Over the course of the game,

audio clips were released that eventually formed a complete five-hour story set on Earth between Halo and

Halo 2.[34][35] Similarly, Iris was used as a viral marketing campaign for the

release of Halo 3.[36] It featured five web servers containing various media

files related to the Halo universe.

Spin-off titles were planned for release on handheld systems, but proved to be either rumors or did not progress far in

development. Rumors of a handheld Halo title for the Game Boy Advance surfaced in 2004. Bungie denied the rumors and

commented that such a project between Microsoft and Nintendo would be "very unlikely".[37] At a Las Vegas consumer technology convention in January 2005, rumors spread about a version of Halo

for the handheld Gizmondo system. Bungie denied the rumors stating they were not making a game for the system.[38][39] A former Gizmondo employee later

revealed development only extended to basic story and game structure concepts to obtain funding from investors.[40] In

2006, a concept video for Microsoft's portable Ultra-Mobile PC featured footage of Halo and caused speculation for a

handheld title. Microsoft later stated the footage was for demonstration purposes only; Halo was included because it was

a Microsoft-owned property.[41] In January

2007, IGN editor-in-chief Matt Casamassina claimed he played a version of Halo for the Nintendo DS.[42]

He later demonstrated on-camera, in-game footage of an early-development style version of Halo DS.[43] The demonstrated work featured

dual-wielding and a version of the Halo 2 map Zanzibar.[42] On October 5, 2007, Bungie employee Brian

Jarrard explained the Halo DS demo was in fact an unsolicited pitch that was never taken on.[44]

In 2006, Microsoft announced an episodic video game to be developed by film director Peter Jackson's [[Wingnut

Interactive]].[45] The game, dubbed Halo: Chronicles, was confirmed to be in development in 2007,[46] and by 2008 was still

hiring for positions on the development team.[47] Jackson told game blog Joystiq in July

2009 that the project was no longer in development.[48][49] Jackson's manager Ken Kamins explained that the project was

cancelled as part of budget cuts tied to job layoffs in January 2009.[50]

Before the company was shuttered, Ensemble Studios had been working on a Halo-themed [[massively multiplayer online

game]]. The project was cancelled internally in 2007, without a formal announcement from Microsoft.[51]

Elements from the Halo universe have also appeared in other games. A Halo-based character,

SPARTAN Nicole-458, appeared in Dead or Alive 4, a product of the

collaboration between Tecmo's Team Ninja and Microsoft's Bungie Studios.[52] The Halo themetune was also

available DLC for Guitar Hero III Legends of Rock.

Development[편집]

Bungie games[편집]

Bungie (formerly Bungie Software Products Corporation) was a Chicago, Illinois-based game development company started in

1991 by Alex Seropian. Seropian partnered with programmer Jason Jones to market and release

Jones' game Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete. Focusing on the Macintosh game market because it was smaller and

easier to compete, Bungie became the biggest Mac developer with games including the shooters Pathways Into Darkness

and Marathon. What became Halo was originally code-named Monkey Nuts and

Blam!,[53] and took place on a hollowed-out world called Solipsis.[54] The planet eventually became a ringworld, and an artist suggested the name

"Halo", which became the game's title.[55]

The first Halo game was announced on July 21, 1999, during the Macworld Conference & Expo.[12] It

was originally planned to be a real-time strategy game for the Mac and Windows operating

systems, but later changed into a third-person action game.[12][56][57] On June 19, 2000, Microsoft

acquired Bungie Studios and Halo: Combat Evolved became a launch title for the Xbox video game console.[13] After receiving Xbox development kits, Bungie Studios rewrote the game's engine, heavily altered

its presentation, and turned it into a first-person shooter. Though the first Halo was meant to include an online

multiplayer mode, it was excluded because Xbox Live was not yet available.[58]

Halo was not intended to be the Xbox's flagship game due to internal concerns and gaming press criticism, but Microsoft

VP of game publishing Ed Fries did not act on these concerns. The Xbox's marketing heavily featured Halo, whose green

color palette meshed with the console's design scheme.[59]

The success of the game led to a sequel, Halo 2, which was announced on August 8, 2002 at the Microsoft's New York

X02 press event.[60] It featured improved graphics, new weapons, and a multiplayer mode on Xbox Live.[61][62] Halo 3 was announced at the 2006 Electronic Entertainment Expo.[63] The initial conception for the third game was done before

Halo 2 was released in 2004.[64] It utilized a proprietary, in-house [[Game

engine|graphics engine]], and employed advanced graphics technologies.[65][66]

343 Industries[편집]

Following the release of Halo 3, Bungie announced it was splitting off from Microsoft and becoming an independent limited

liability company. While Bungie remained involved in the Halo series by developing games such as ODST and Reach,

the rights to Halo remain with Microsoft. To oversee everything Halo, Microsoft created an internal division, [[343

Industries]],[67] serving as "stewards" for the franchise.[68] Frank O'Connor, formerly a Bungie employee,[69] now

serves as 343's creative director.[67]

In announcing the formation of 343 Industries, Microsoft also announced that Xbox Live would be home to a central hub for

Halo content called Halo Waypoint.[70] Waypoint is accessed from the Xbox 360 Dashboard and offers players access to multimedia content in addition to tracking their Halo game "career".

O'Connor described Waypoint as intended to be the prime destination for Halo.[71]

Cultural influences[편집]

In 2006, in acknowledgement of the "wealth of influences adopted by the Bungie team", a list of Bungie employees' favorite

science fiction material was published on the company's website.[72] The developers acknowledged that

the Halo series' use of ring-shaped megastructures followed on from concepts featured in Larry Niven's

Ringworld and Iain M. Banks' Culture series (of which Consider Phlebas[73] and Excession[72] were said to be particularly influential). In a retrospective article

in Edge, Bungie's Jaime Griesemer commented, "The influence of something like Ringworld isn't

necessarily in the design—it's in that feeling of being somewhere else. That sense of scale and an epic story going on out

there."[74] Griesemer

also explained, "One of the main sources of inspiration was Armor [by John Steakley], in which a

soldier has to constantly re-live the same war over and over again. That sense of hopelessness, a relentless battle, was

influential."[74] The Flood were influenced by the assimilating alien species in Christopher Rowley's

The Vang;[74] it has also been speculated that the Master Chief's name "John 117" may have been a

reference to a character named Jon 6725416 in Rowley's Starhammer,[75] or to the John Spartan

character of Demolition Man.[76] An IGN article exploring the literary influences present in the Halo franchise commented on

similarities between Halo and Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game: aspects of the SPARTAN Project and the

design of the Covenant Drones are perceived as reminiscent of the super soldier program and Buggers found in the novel.[75] Bungie has

also acknowledged James Cameron's film Aliens as a strong cinematic influence.[77]

A report written by Roger Travis and published by The Escapist compares Halo with the

Latin epic Aeneid, written by classical Roman poet Virgil. Travis posits similarities between the plots of both

works and compares the characters present in them, with the Flood and Covenant taking the role performed by the

Carthaginians, and the Master Chief's role in the series to that of Aeneas.[78]

Music[편집]

Martin O'Donnell, the composer of the music to the Halo trilogy
<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Halo Original Soundtrack, Halo 2 Original Soundtrack, Halo 3 Original Soundtrack 및 Halo Wars Soundtrack입니다.

Four Halo soundtracks, composed by Martin O'Donnell, have been released. The Halo Original Soundtrack

contains most of Combat Evolved's music. Due to the varying nature of gameplay, the music present was designed to use

the game's dynamic audio playback engine. The engine allows for the mood, theme, and duration of music played to change

according to gameplay.[79] To afford a more enjoyable listening experience, O'Donnell

rearranged portions of the music of Halo into standalone suites, which follow the narrative course of the game. The

soundtrack also contains music not used in the game, including a variation on the Halo theme that was first played at

Halo's debut at Macworld 1999.[80]

For Halo 2's soundtrack, producer Nile Rodgers and O’Donnell decided to split the

music into two separate volumes. The first, Volume One, was released on November 9, 2004 and contained all the themes as well

as the “inspired-by” music present in the game (featuring Steve Vai, Incubus, Hoobastank, and

Breaking Benjamin). The second release, Volume 2, contained the rest of the music, much of which was incomplete or not

included in the first soundtrack, as the first soundtrack was shipped before the game was released;[81] the second volume was released on April

25, 2006. Halo 2, unlike its predecessor, was mixed to take full advantage of Dolby 5.1 Digital [[Surround

Sound]].[82]

The soundtrack for Halo 3 was released on November 20, 2007. O'Donnell noted he wanted to

bring back the themes from the original game in order to help tie together the end of the trilogy.[83] The tracks are

presented, similarly to the previous soundtrack for Halo 2,[81] in

a suite form. Unlike previous soundtracks, where much of the music had been synthesized on computer, the soundtrack for

Halo 3 was recorded using a 60-piece orchestra, along with a 24-voice chorus.[84] The final soundtrack was recorded by the Northwest Sinfonia

at Studio X in Seattle, Washington.[85] The soundtracks were bundled and released as a box set in December 2008.[86] A soundtrack for Halo 3: ODST was released alongside the game and included many of the tracks from

the game.[87]

For Halo Wars, the task of creating the game's music fell to Stephen Rippy. Rippy listened to O'Donnell's soundtracks

for inspiration and incorporated the Halo theme into parts of his arrangements. In addition to synthesized and orchestral

components, the composer focused on the choir and piano as essential elements, feeling these were important in creating the

"Halo sound".[88] Rather than use the Northwest Sinfonia, Rippy travelled to Prague

and recorded with the FILMharmonic Orchestra before returning to the United States to complete the music. A standalone

compact disc and digital download retail version of the soundtrack was announced in January 2009 for release on February

17.[89]

Adaptations[편집]

<nowiki /> List of Halo media 문서를 참고하십시오.

The Halo franchise includes various types of merchandise and adaptations outside of the video games. This includes

bestselling novels, graphic novels, and other licensed products, from action figures to a packaging tie-in with [[Mountain

Dew]]. Numerous action figures and vehicles based on Halo have been produced. Joyride Studios created Halo and

Halo 2 action figures, while Halo 3 poseable and collectible action figures, aimed at collectors, were

produced by McFarlane Toys and became some of the top-selling action figures of 2007 and 2008.[90]

MEGA Blocks partnered with Microsoft to produce Halo Wars-themed toys.[91]

Books and comic series[편집]

Halo authors Joseph Staten and Eric Nylund

There have been numerous printed adaptations based on the Halo canon established by the video games.

Larry Niven (author of Ringworld) was originally approached to write a Halo novelization, but declined due to

unfamiliarity with the subject matter.[92]

The first novel was Halo: The Fall of Reach, a prequel to Halo: Combat Evolved. It was written by Eric Nylund

in seven weeks, and published in October 2001.[93] William C. Dietz wrote an

adaptation of Halo: Combat Evolved called Halo: The Flood, which was released in 2003.[94] Eric Nylund returned to write the third novel,

Halo: First Strike, which takes place between Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2, and was published in

December 2003. Nylund also wrote the fourth adaptation, Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, which was published on October 31,

2006.[95] Bungie employee Joseph Staten wrote the fifth book, Halo: Contact Harvest, which was released on

October 30, 2007, while Tobias S. Buckell produced the sixth, Halo: The Cole Protocol, published in November 2008.

Bungie considers the Halo novels as additions to the Halo canon.[96]

The Halo universe was first adapted into the graphic novel format in 2006, with the release of the [[Halo Graphic

Novel]], a collection of four short stories.[97] It was written and illustrated by graphic novelists Lee Hammock, Jay Faerber, [[Tsutomu

Nihei]], Brett Lewis, Simon Bisley, Ed Lee and Jean Giraud. At the 2007 New York Comic Con, Marvel Comics

announced they would be working on an ongoing Halo series with Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev. The limited

series, titled Halo: Uprising, bridges the gap between the events of Halo 2 and Halo 3;[8] initially planned to conclude shortly before the release of Halo 3, the constant delays led to the

final issue being published April 2009.[98]

Marvel announced at the 2009 Comic Con that two new comics, a five-part series written by Peter David and a second series

written by Fred Van Lente, would appear the coming summer and winter.[99] David's series, Helljumper, is set prior to Halo: Combat Evolved and focuses on the

elite Orbital Drop Shock Troopers. The five-part series was published between July and November 2009.[100] Lente's series, originally titled Spartan Black, revolves around

a black ops team of Spartan supersoldiers assigned to the UNSC Office of Naval Intelligence.[101] The rebranded comic, Blood Line, debuted in

December 2009.[102]

A collection of Halo stories, Halo: Evolutions, was simultaneously released in print and audiobook formats in

November 2009. Evolutions includes original material by Nylund, Buckell, Karen Traviss and contributions from

Bungie.[103] Science fiction author Greg Bear

has been contracted to write a trilogy of books focusing on the Forerunners titled Halo: Cryptum, with the first volume

to appear in 2011,[104] while Traviss is

writing a series of novels taking place after the events of Halo 3.[105] Tor is also rereleasing the first three

Halo novels with new content and cover art.[106]

Film[편집]

In 2005, Columbia Pictures president Peter Schlessel began working outside the studio system to produce a Halo filmic

adaptation. Alex Garland wrote the first script,[107] which was then pitched to studios by couriers dressed as Master Chief. Microsoft's terms required $10 million

against 15 percent of gross; most studios passed, citing the lack of risk for Microsoft compared to their large share of

potential profits. 20th Century Fox and Universal Studios decided to partner to produce the film, paying Microsoft $5 million

to option the film and 10 percent of grosses.[108] Peter Jackson was slated to be the

executive producer,[109] with Neill Blomkamp as director. Before Blomkamp signed on,

Guillermo del Toro was in negotiations to direct.[110]

D. B. Weiss and Josh Olson rewrote Garland's script during 2006.[111] The crew stopped and resumed preproduction of the film several times.[112] Later that year, 20th Century Fox threatened to pull out of

the project, leading Universal to issue an ultimatum to Jackson and Schlessel: either cut their large "first-dollar" deals,

or the project was ended. Both refused, and the project stalled.[108]

Blomkamp declared the project dead in late 2007,[113] but Jackson replied that the film would still be made.[114] Blomkamp and

Jackson collaborated on District 9, but the director told /Film that he was no longer considering working on a

Halo film if the opportunity arose,[115] saying that after working on the film for five months before the project's collapse

it would be difficult to return. The rights for the film have since reverted back to Microsoft.[116] O'Connor has stated that the movie will be made

at some point.[117] At one point, filmmaker Steven Spielberg had expressed interest in being involved in the making of a film

adaptation of Halo.[118]

Anime[편집]

<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Halo Legends입니다.

Microsoft announced at Comic-Con 2009 that it was overseeing production of a series of

seven short anime films, together called Halo Legends. Financed by 343 Industries, the animation was created by five

Japanese production houses: Bones, Casio Entertainment, Production I.G., Studio 4°C, and [[Toei

Animation]]. Shinji Aramaki, creator and director of Appleseed and Appleseed Ex Machina,

serves as the project's creative director. Warner Bros. distributed Legends on DVD and Blu-ray in February 2010.[67][119] Six of the stories are officially part of the Halo canon, with

the seventh, made by Toei, intended to be a parody of the universe.[120]

Reception and critical response[편집]

Launch events such as this one in New York City were held the night of Halo 3's release.

The Halo franchise has been highly successful commercially and critically. During the two months following Halo: Combat

Evolved's release, it sold alongside more than fifty percent of Xbox consoles[121] and sold a million units by April

2002.[122] Halo 2's sales

generated US$125 million on its premiere day, making it the fastest selling United States

media product in history up to that time.[123][124] Combined with Halo's sales, the two

games sold 14.8 million units before Halo 3's release.[125]

GameSpot reported 4.2 million units of Halo 3 were in retail outlets on September 24, 2007, a day before

official release—a world record volume.[126][127] Halo 3 broke the previous record for the highest grossing opening day in entertainment history,

making US$170 million in its first twenty-four hours.[128][129] Worldwide, sales

exceeded US$300 million the first week, helping to more than double the sales of the Xbox 360 when compared with

the weekly average before the Halo 3 launch.[125][130] At the end of 2007,

Halo 2 and Halo: Combat Evolved were the number one and two best-selling Xbox titles, respectively, and

Halo 3 was the best-selling Xbox 360 title.[131] Halo Wars was the best-

selling RTS console game, selling more than one million units.[132] The Halo series went on to sell more than 27

million copies by August 2009,[133] and more than 34 million copies by May 2010.[134] Tor Books reported that sales of all franchise materials are greater

than $1.7 billion,[106] and Bungie's games before Reach accounted for $1.5 billion in

sales.[135]

The soundtracks to Halo 2, Halo 3, ODST and Reach all appeared on the Billboard 200 charts for at least one

week.[136]

The Halo adaptations have been successful as well. Many of the novels have appeared on Publisher Weekly's

bestseller charts and the Halo Graphic Novel sold more than 100,000 copies, a "rare hit" for the games-to-comics

genre.[137][138] Ghosts of Onyx, Contact Harvest, The

Cole Protocol and the first volume of Cryptum appeared on The New York Times bestseller lists,[94][139][140][141][142] and The Cole Protocol also opened 50th overall on [[USA

Today]]'s bestsellers list.[143] Tor's

first three novels sold more than one million copies by April 2009.[144]


총 평점
게임 게임랭킹스 메타크리틱
Halo: Combat Evolved 95.58%[146] 97 of 100[145]
Halo 2 94.56%[148] 95 of 100[147]
Halo 3 93.53%[150] 94 of 100[149]
Halo Wars 81.92%[152] 82 of 100[151]
Halo 3: ODST 85.14%[154] 83 of 100[153]
Halo: Reach 91.59%[156] 91 of 100[155]

Overall, the Halo series has been well received by critics. Halo: Combat Evolved has received numerous [[Game of the

Year]] awards.[157][158] In March 2007, IGN listed it as the top Xbox game of all time, while readers ranked it

the fourteenth best game ever on "IGN Readers' Choice 2006 - The Top 100 Games Ever".[159][160] Conversely,

GameSpy ranked Halo: Combat Evolved tenth on its list of "Top 25 Most Overrated Games of All Time", citing repetitive

level design and the lack of an online multiplayer mode.[161] Halo 2 also received numerous awards,[162] with IGN listing it as the number two top Xbox game of all time in March

2007.[159] From its initial release on the Xbox in November 2004 until the launch of Gears of War

on the Xbox 360 in November 2006 - two years later - Halo 2 was the most popular video game on Xbox Live.[163] Halo 3 was nominated for and won multiple awards; it won [[Time

(magazine)|Time magazine's]] "Game of the Year" and IGN chose it as the Best Xbox 360 Online Multiplayer Game and

Innovative Design of 2007.[164][165][166] Most publications called the multiplayer aspect one of the best features; IGN said the

multiplayer map lineup was the strongest of the series, and GameSpy added that the multiplayer offering will greatly please

"Halo veterans".[167][168] Complaints focused on the game's plot. The New York Times said the game had a "throwaway" plot

and Total Video Games judged the single-player aspect ultimately disappointing.[169][170] The

series' music and audio has received enthusiastic response from game reviewers.[168][171][172]

Cultural impact[편집]

The main trilogy, particularly its protagonist, has been declared iconic and a symbol of today's videogames; a wax replica of

the Master Chief was made by Madame Tussauds in Las Vegas, where Pete Wentz compared the

character to notable characters from previous generations like Spider-Man, Frodo, and [[Luke

Skywalker]].[173] The Escapist author Roger Travis

compared Halo's story to Virgil's Aeneid, saying the religious and political struggle described in the games

relates to the modern epic tradition.[78] GamesTM stated Halo: Combat Evolved "changed videogame

combat forever", and Halo 2 showcased Xbox Live as a tool for communities.[15] GameDaily noted

Halo 2's launch was "easily comparable to the biggest in other sectors of the entertainment industry", marking

the first time a video game launch has become a major cultural event in America.[174] [[Time (magazine)

|Time]] magazine included the franchise in the "2005 Time 100", highlighting that in the first ten weeks after the

release of Halo 2, players spent 91 million combined hours playing the game online.[175] A The

New York Times report noted the success of Halo 3 was critical for Microsoft, persuading consumers to buy the

Xbox 360 console which was experiencing waning sales compared with the Nintendo Wii, as well as helping restore the

console's image. On September 25, 2007, the release date for Halo 3, Microsoft's shares rose 1.7% based on sales

expectations for the game.[176] Halo has been described as a series that "has reinvented a genre

that didn't know it needed to be reinvented", with aspects of the main trilogy being duplicated in other FPS games multiple

times.[177]

Variety called Halo "the equivalent of Star Wars".[178]

Machinima[편집]

As a highly popular video game series with a large and active fan base, the Halo trilogy has given rise to an array of

video productions in an emerging entertainment medium, machinima.[179] Virtually all machinima footage based around the Halo games is taken from the multiplayer

modes of the main trilogy games. Most productions are set outside Halo canon, while others are based

on fan fiction closely relating to the official story. Halo 3 includes a saved film function that

allows camera angles not possible in previous games, and other features that simplify production. The game has become one of

the most popular tools for generating machinima, and Microsoft updated its user license agreement to allow noncommercial distribution of such films.[180]

A notable machinima production is the comedy series Red vs. Blue: The Blood Gulch Chronicles created

by Rooster Teeth Productions. It has achieved an unparalleled level of success in Halo machinima in specific, and

machinima in general; it is credited with bringing attention to the genre.[128][181] Red vs. Blue generated annual revenues of US$200,000, and

special promotional episodes were commissioned by Bungie.[128] The series ended on June 28, 2007, after

100 regular episodes and numerous promotional videos.[182]

Sequels to the series include Reconstruction, which contains more dramatic elements than

its comedic predecessor,[183] Relocated, Recreation,

and Revelation. Other machinima series include Fire Team Charlie, The Codex,

and the in-game interview show This Spartan Life.

References[편집]

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  38. ↑ Thorsen, Tor (2005년 1월 7일). “Rumor Control: Xbox Next Patents and Gizmondo Halo”. GameSpot. 2008년 6월 6일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 38) (도움말)
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  42. ↑ 가 나 Casamassina, Matt (2007년 1월 1일). “Matt Casamassina claims playing Halo DS”. IGN. 2007년 10월 2일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 38) (도움말)
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  45. ↑ O'Connor, Frank (2008년 4월 25일). [http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx? type=topnews&cid=13690 “Bungie Weekly Update 04/25/08”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Bungie.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 41) (도움말)
  46. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=13030%7Ctitle=GDC: Microsoft Talks Episodic Halo Xbox 360 Series|publisher=Gamasutra|date=2007-03-07|first=Simon|last=Carless|accessdate=2007-01-15}}
  47. ↑ Robinson, Andy (2008-08- 01). “Microsoft STILL hiring for Halo Chronicles”. Computer and Video Games. 2009년 2월 9일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 33) (도움말);
  48. ↑ Kelly, Kevin (2009년 7월 24일). [http://www.joystiq.com/2009/07/24/peter-jackson-tells-joystiq-about-the-halo-movie-video- games/ “Peter Jackson tells Joystiq about the Halo movie, video game project”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Joystiq. 2009-07- 24에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 8) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 90) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  49. ↑ Nutt, Christian (2009-07- 24). “Reports: Halo: Reach Bungie's Last Halo Game, More”. Gamasutra. 2009년 7월 25일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 47) (도움말);
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  51. ↑ {{cite web|author=Staff|date=2008-09-23|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=20153%7Ctitle=Exclusive: Ensemble Studios' Canceled Project Was Halo MMO|publisher=Gamasutra|accessdate=2009-10-27}}
  52. ↑ O'Connor, Frank (2005년 12월 13일). “Go Tell the Spartans: The Making of Slugfest”. Bungie. 2007년 10월 10일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 27) (도움말)
  53. ↑ Trautmann, Eric (2004). 《The Art of Halo》. New York: Del Ray Publishing. ix쪽. ISBN 0345475860.  |publisher=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말)
  54. ↑ McLaughlin, Rus (2007-09- 20). “IGN Presents The History of Halo”. IGN. 1–3쪽. 2008년 11월 1일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  55. ↑ Toyama, Kevin (2001년 5월). “Cover Story: Holy Halo”. 《Next Generation Magazine》: 61.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 19) (도움말)
  56. ↑ “Inside Bungie: History”. Bungie.net. 2006년 5월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 19일에 확인함. 
  57. ↑ {{cite journal| last = Hiatt| first = Jesse| month = November | year = 1999| title = Halo The Closest Thing to the Real Thing| journal = Computer Gaming World| publisher = Ziff Davis Media| issue = | pages = 94–96| url = http://halo.bungie.org/pressscans/display.html?scan=cgw1199%7C accessdate = 2008-03-11}}
  58. ↑ Lopez, Vincent (2001년 3월 4일). “Playable Halo at GameStock”. IGN. 2008년 3월 12일에 확인함. 
  59. ↑ Alexander, Leigh (2009년 8월 14일). “Interview: Former Microsoft Exec Fries Talks Xbox's Genesis”. Gamasutra. 2009년 8월 17일에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 12) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 34) (도움말)
  60. ↑ IGN Staff (2002년 8월 8일). “Halo 2 and Project Gotham Racing 2 Announced!”. IGN. 2008년 3월 19일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 12) (도움말)
  61. ↑ Blevins, Tal (2004년 8월 20일). “Halo 2 Hands-On”. IGN. 2008년 3월 19일에 확인함. 
  62. ↑ Mirabella, Fran (2004년 5월 24일). “Halo 2 Multiplayer Hands-On Vol. 4”. IGN. 2008년 3월 19일에 확인함. 
  63. ↑ Achronos (2006년 5월 9일). [http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx? type=topnews&link=Halo3Announcement “Halo 3 Announced”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《Bungie.net》. 2007년 8월 6일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 41) (도움말)
  64. ↑ O'Donnell, Marty (2007년 9월 25일). 《Halo 2 Developer's Commentary》 (Halo 3 Legendary Edition). Bungie Studios. 04:00에 발생. — O'Donnell:"I remember when we were doing the Cortana Letters years ago where we had the entire plan from the beginning of the Cortana Letters to the end of the trilogy."
  65. ↑ Sanders, Kathleen (2006년 5월 9일). “E3 2k6: Halo 3 Trailer Impressions”. IGN. 2007년 6월 25일에 확인함. 
  66. ↑ Klepek, Patrick (2007년 3월 19일). “Bungie Says Halo 3 Graphics are coming Together”. 1UP.com. 2007년 10월 2일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 24) (도움말)
  67. ↑ 가 나 다 Fritz, Ben (2009-07- 22). [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2009/07/video-game-publishers-microsoft-ubisoft-invading- hollywoods-turf.html “Video game publishers Microsoft, Ubisoft invading Hollywood's turf”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《Los Angeles Times》. 2009년 7월 22일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 112) (도움말);
  68. ↑ [[Larry Hryb|Hryb, Larry]] (2009년 12월 9일). [http://www.majornelson.com/archive/2009/12/09/show-343-interviews-with-some-of-the- 343-team-about-halo-and-more.aspx “Show #343: Interviews with members of 343 Industries about Halo and more”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Major Nelson Radio. 2009년 12월 9일에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 84) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 69) (도움말)
  69. ↑ {{cite web|author=Smith, Luke|authorlink=Luke Smith (writer)|date=2008-05-16|url=http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx? type=topnews&cid=13795|title=Bungie Weekly Update: 5/16/2008|publisher=Bungie.net|accessdate=2009-07-22}}
  70. ↑ “Halo Legends and Halo Waypoint Announced at Comic- Con”. 《Xbox.com》. Microsoft. 2009-07- 23. 2009년 7월 25일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 51) (도움말);
  71. ↑ {{cite web|author=McWhertor, Michael|date=2009-07-25|url=http://kotaku.com/5322449/halo-waypoint-further-detailed-by- microsoft|title=Halo Waypoint Further Detailed By Microsoft|publisher=Kotaku|accessdate=2009-07-25}}
  72. ↑ 가 나 {{cite web|url=http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx?type=topnews&link=bungiescifiguide%7C title=The Bungie Guide to Sci Fi| publisher=Bungie| author=Frank O'Connor| date=2006-04-12| accessdate=2020-06-20}}
  73. ↑ 인용 오류: <ref> 태그가 잘못되었습니다; edge- 2010라는 이름을 가진 주석에 텍스트가 없습니다
  74. ↑ 가 나 다 Anon. (2010). Mott, Tony, 편집. “2001: A Space Odyssey”. 《Edge》 (Future Publishing) (215): 86.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말)
  75. ↑ 가 나 Douglass C. Perry (2007년 3월 17일). “The Influence of Literature and Myth in Videogames”. IGN. 2007년 12월 10일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 33) (도움말)
  76. ↑ Stover, Matthew (2006). Glenn Yeffeth, 편집. 《Halo Effect》. You Are the Master Chief. Dallas, Texas: Benbella Books. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1- 933771-11-9|1- 933771-11-9]] |isbn= 값 확인 필요: length (도움말).  |isbn=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 3) (도움말); |editor=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 7) (도움말)
  77. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.bungie.net/News/content.aspx?cid=24843%7C title=All the Right Moves| publisher=Bungie| date=2010-02-18| accessdate=2020-06-20}}
  78. ↑ 가 나 Roger Travis (2006년 10월 10일). “Bungie's Epic Achievement: Halo and the Aeneid”. The Escapist. 2007년 12월 10일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 15) (도움말)
  79. ↑ Marks, Aaron (2002년 12월 2일). “The Use and Effectiveness of Audio in Halo: Game Music Evolved”. Music4Games. 2006년 9월 6일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 60) (도움말)
  80. ↑ O'Donnell, Martin (2002). 《Halo: Original Soundtrack》 (미디어 설명). [[Sumthing Distribution|Sumthing]].  |publisher=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 12) (도움말)
  81. ↑ 가 나 {{cite album-notes |authorlink=Martin O'Donnell |last=O'Donnell |first=Martin |notestitle=Introduction |year=2006 |title=Halo 2 Original Soundtrack: Volume Two |publisher=Sumthing}}
  82. ↑ O'Donnell, Martin (2006). 《Halo 2 Original Soundtrack: Volume One》 (미디어 설명). Sumthing. 
  83. ↑ O'Connor, Frank; O'Donnell, Martin; Smith, Luke; Jarrard, Brian. “Bungie Podcast Ep. 51: With Martin O'Donnell”. Bungie.net. 2007년 12월 10일에 확인함. 
  84. ↑ O'Donnell, Martin (2007). 《Halo 3 Original Soundtrack》 (미디어 설명). Sumthing.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 17) (도움말)
  85. ↑ Staff (2007년 9월 20일). “Interview with Halo 3 Composer Marty O'Donnell”. Music4Games. 2008년 4월 13일에 확인함. 
  86. ↑ Traiman, Steve (2008년 12월 1일). “"Halo Trilogy" soundtrack set previews new game”. Reuters. 3 December 2008에 확인함.  |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 3) (도움말);
  87. ↑ http://g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/699307/Halo-3-ODST-Soundtrack-Review---Music-for-Repelling-the- Covenant.html
  88. ↑ Bedegian, Louis (2009-02- 13). “GameZone Chats with Halo Wars Composer Stephen Rippy”. GameZone. 2009년 2월 17일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 48) (도움말);
  89. ↑ Microsoft, Sumthing Else Music Works (2009-01- 15). “Sumthing announces the release of Halo Wars Original Soundtrack”. Music4Games. 2009년 2월 15일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 54) (도움말);
  90. ↑ {{cite news|author=Solomon, Rizal|date=2009-01-10|url=|title=Saturday Halo onslaught|work=New Straits Times|page=4}}
  91. ↑ Pachner, Joanna (2009년 5월 29일). [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob- magazine/the-empire-strikes-back/article1149686/ “The Empire Strikes Back”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《The Globe and Mail》. 52면.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 10) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 55) (도움말)
  92. ↑ “The Halo Author that Wasn't”. Bungie Sightings. 2003년 3월 5일. 2007년 10월 4일에 확인함.  — Condensed version of information found at Niven's own site: link
  93. ↑ Longdale, Holly. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070228202019/http://www.xbox.com/en- US/games/h/halo/spotlight.htm “Game Worlds in Written Words”] |archiveurl= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《Xbox.com》. Microsoft. 2007년 2월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 9월 2일에 확인함.  |archiveurl=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 66) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 16) (도움말)
  94. ↑ 가 나 {{cite web| last=Klepek| first=Patrick| date=2003-05-05| url=http://www.gaming-age.com/news/2003/5/2-15%7C title= Halo novel cracks bestseller| publisher=Gaming Age|accessdate=2006-09-02}}
  95. ↑ “The Next Halo Novel: Ghosts of Onyx”. Bungie. 2006년 8월 29일. 2006- 10-06에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006-09- 02에 확인함.  |archivedate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 6) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  96. ↑ Wu, Louis (2004년 10월 22일). “Joe Staten Interview”. Halo.Bungie.Org. 2006년 8월 6일에 확인함. 
  97. ↑ Staff. “Halo Graphic Novel at IGN”. 《IGN》. 2006년 9월 2일에 확인함. 
  98. ↑ [http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.7613.Halo_Uprising_% 234_Hits_Stores_Today “Halo Uprising #4 Hits Stores Today!”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Marvel Comics. 2009년 4월 15일. 2009- 04-17에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 57) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 6) (도움말);
  99. ↑ Collura, Scott (2009-02- 07). “NYCC 09: Halo Returns to Marvel”. IGN. 2009년 2월 8일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  100. ↑ {{cite web|author=Bailey, Kat|date=2009-04-22|url=http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3173869%7Ctitle=Halo: Helljumpers Coming This July|publisher=1UP.com|accessdate=2009-04-22}}
  101. ↑ {{cite web| author=George, Richard|date=2009-02-08|url=http://comics.ign.com/articles/952/952462p1.html%7C publisher=IGN| title=The Halo War Continues at Marvel| accessdate=2009-02-14}}
  102. ↑ George, David (2009-09- 22). “Marvel's December '09 Releases”. IGN. 2009년 9월 23일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  103. ↑ Thorson, Thor (2009-08- 12). “Tor Books forging Halo short-story comp”. Gamespot. 2009년 9월 12일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 5) (도움말);
  104. ↑ Staff (2010년 10월 8일). “Science Fiction Legend Greg Bear Set to Explore the Time of the Forerunners”. 《Halo Waypoint》. Microsoft. 2010년 10월 9일에 [http://halo.xbox.com/en- us/news/headline/science-fiction-legend-greg-bear-set-to-explore-the-time-of-the-forerunners/5011 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)에서 보존된 문서.  |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 6) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 25) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 17) (도움말)
  105. ↑ {{cite web|author=|date=2010-07-20|url=http://halo.xbox.com/en-us/transmissions/article/2010-07-20-Bestselling-Author-Karen-Traviss -Set-To-Explore-The-Halo-Universe|title=Bestselling Author Karen Traviss Set to Explore the Halo Universe|work=halo.xbox.com|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-07-20}}
  106. ↑ 가 나 Parker, Laura (2010-05- 19). “Halo novels get a makeover”. Gamespot. 2010-05- 19에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  107. ↑ Linder, Brian (2005년 2월 3일). “Halo Goes Hollywood”. IGN. 2006-09- 09에 확인함.  |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  108. ↑ 가 나 Brodesser-Akner, Claude (2010년 10월 6일). “The New Halo Game Is a Hit — So What’s the Status of the Halo Movie?”. 《New York Magazine》. 2010년 10월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010-10- 08에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 18) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  109. ↑ Staten, Joseph. [http://web.archive.org/web/20051025080922/http://www.bungie.net/News/TopStory.aspx? story=biggorilla&p=4955829 “The Great Hollywood Journey, Part II”] |archiveurl= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Bungie. 2005년 10월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006-09- 09에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 21) (도움말); |archiveurl=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 84) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  110. ↑ Chris Hewitt (2008년 2월 8일). “Guillermo Del Toro Talks The Hobbit”. Empire. 2008년 2월 8일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 20) (도움말)
  111. ↑ Fritz, Ben (2006년 10월 -31). “No home for 'Halo' pic”. Variety. 2007년 10월 20일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 8) (도움말);
  112. ↑ Thorsen, Tor (2006년 10월 31일). “Halo movie indefinitely postponed”. GameSpot. 2007년 3월 13일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 25) (도움말)
  113. ↑ Farrell, Nick (2007-10- 09). “Halo movie canned”. The Inquirer. 2008년 5월 30일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  114. ↑ Robinson, Andy (2007년 10월 29일). “Q&A: MS "already in talks" to continue Halo film”. Computer and Video Games. 2007년 10월 30일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 31) (도움말)
  115. ↑ Chen, David (2009-07- 24). [http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/07/24/confirmed-director-neill-blomkamp-would-probably-not-do-a-halo-film-even-if- offered-one/ “Confirmed: Director Neill Blomkamp Would Probably Not Do a Halo Film, Even If Offered One”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). /Film. 2009년 7월 24일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 113) (도움말);
  116. ↑ Neill Blomkamp; Peter Jackson (2009-07- 27). “Halo Movie Interview - SDCC 09: Will Halo Still Happen?”. IGN. 2009년 7월 27일에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 7) (도움말); |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 29) (도움말);
  117. ↑ Collura, Scott; Jim Reillydate. “Halo Movie will Happen”. IGN. 2010-04- 08에 확인함.  에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  118. ↑ Schedeen, Jesse; Jesse Schedeen (2009-08- 10). [movies.ign.com/articles/101/1012622p1.html “What Say You?: Steven Spielberg Gets Halo'd”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). IGN. 2010년 12월 30일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  119. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (2010-01- 07). “Halo Legends slips to Feb. 16”. Gamespot. 2010년 1월 25일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 28) (도움말);
  120. ↑ {{cite web|author=Goldstein, Hilary; Erik Brudvig|date=2009-07-23|url=http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/100/1006627p1.html%7Ctitle=SDCC 09: Halo Panel Live Blog|publisher=IGN|accessdate=2009-07-24}}
  121. ↑ Patrizio, Andy (2002년 1월 8일). “Xbox Assault Only Starting”. Wired. 2006년 9월 27일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 6) (도움말)
  122. ↑ “"Halo: Combat Evolved" for Xbox Tops 1 Million Mark In Record Time: Xbox System And Games Are Off to Recording- Setting Start in Just Four Months”. Microsoft. 2002년 4월 8일. 2006년 9월 1일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 116) (도움말)
  123. ↑ Thorsen, Tor (2004년 11월 10일). “Microsoft raises estimated first-day Halo 2 sales to $125 million-plus”. GameSpot. 2006년 3월 -15에 확인함.  |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 8) (도움말);
  124. ↑ “November 9 - By the Numbers”. 《Official Xbox Magazine》 (40): 15. 2005년 1월.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 14) (도움말)
  125. ↑ 가 나 Craig Glenday, 편집. (2008년 3월 11일). 〈Review of the Year: 2007 Chart〉. 《Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008》. Guinness World Records. Guinness. 14쪽. ISBN 978-1-904994-21-3. 
  126. ↑ Brendan Sinclair. “Analyst: 4.2M Halo 3s already at retail”. GameSpot. 2007년 9월 24일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 15) (도움말)
  127. ↑ Craig Glenday, 편집. (2008년 3월 11일). 〈Record-Breaking Shooting Games: Halo〉. 《Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008》. [[Guinness World Records]]. Guinness. 98–99쪽. ISBN 978-1-904994-21-3.  |chapter=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 26) (도움말); |series=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 18) (도움말)
  128. ↑ 가 나 다 인용 오류: <ref> 태그가 잘못되었습니다; GWR08-Halo라는 이름을 가진 주석에 텍스트가 없습니다
  129. ↑ Blake Snow. “Analyst: Halo 3 shatters retail record; sells $170M in 24 hrs”. GamePro. 2007년 9월 26일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 41) (도움말)
  130. ↑ Hillis, Scott (2007년 10월 4일). “Microsoft says "Halo" 1st-week sales were $300 mln”. Reuters. 2007년 10월 8일에 확인함. 
  131. ↑ Craig Glenday, 편집. (2008년 3월 11일). 〈Hardware: Best-Sellers by Platform〉. 《Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008》. Guinness World Records. Guinness. 51쪽. ISBN 978-1-904994-21-3. 
  132. ↑ Alexander, Leigh (2009년 3월 19일). “Halo Wars Sells 1 Million”. Gamasutra. 2009년 3월 19일에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 12) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 19) (도움말)
  133. ↑ Koha, Nuite (2009년 8월 9일). “Halo Shines”. 《Sunday Herald Sun》. 13면.  |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 21) (도움말)
  134. ↑ Staff (2010 -05-24). [http://gamerscoreblog.com/press/archive/2010/05/24/kz938.aspx? utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MSGamesPressAlerts+%28Microsoft+Games+Press+Alerts% 29 “Biggest Blockbuster Game of the Year 'Halo: Reach' Launches Sept. 14, 2010”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《GamerScore Blog》. Microsoft. 2010년 6월 15일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 5) (도움말); |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 12) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 63) (도움말);
  135. ↑ Osborne, Eric (2010년 4월 29일). [http://www.bungie.net/news/content.aspx? type=news&cid=25920 “Non Facete Nobis Calcitrare Vestrum Perinæum”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Bungie.net. 2010년 5월 3일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 41) (도움말)
  136. ↑ Trust, Gary (2010-09- 23). “Weekly Chart Notes: Bruno Mars, Rihanna, 'Halo'”. 《Billboard》. 2010년 9월 26일에 [http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/weekly-chart-notes-bruno-mars-rihanna-halo-1004116529.story? page=2 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)에서 보존된 문서. 2010-09- 26에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 105) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  137. ↑ Associated Press (2008년 12월 4일). [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi? f=/n/a/2008/12/04/entertainment/e125508S23.DTL&hw=cole+protocol&sn=002&sc=917 “BC-Best-sellers-Books-PW”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《San Francisco Chronicle》. 2008년 12월 5일에 확인함.  |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 7) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 43) (도움말)
  138. ↑ MacDonald, Heidi (2006년 8월 16일). “HALO GN selling like hotcakes”. 《Publishers Weekly》. 2008년 2월 10일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말)
  139. ↑ Greene, Marty. [http://web.archive.org/web/20060821171442/http://www.xbox.com/en- US/games/h/halo2/spotlight2.htm “First Strike Author Eric Nylund Q&A”] |archiveurl= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《Xbox.com》. Microsoft. 2006년 8월 21일에 [http://www.xbox.com/en- US/games/h/halo2/spotlight2.htm 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 9월 2일에 확인함.  |archiveurl=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 66) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 24) (도움말)
  140. ↑ Brightman, James (2007년 11월 19일). [http://www.gamedaily.com/games/halo-3/xbox-360/game-news/halo-contact-harvest-becomes-new-york-times-bestseller-in-first- week/5186/18598/ “Halo: Contact Harvest Becomes New York Times Bestseller in First Week”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). GameDaily.com. 2008년 1월 15일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 122) (도움말)
  141. ↑ Berardini, Cesar (2007년 8월 5일). “Halo: Ghosts of Onyx Enjoys Mass Market Debut Today”. Team Xbox. 2008년 4월 13일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 7) (도움말)
  142. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-01-23/hardcover-fiction/list.html and http://www.nytimes.com/best- sellers-books/2011-01-30/hardcover-fiction/list.html
  143. ↑ Associated Press (2008년 12월 4일). [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi- bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/12/04/entertainment/e125424S22.DTL&hw=cole+protocol&sn=003&sc=914 “BC-Best-sellers-Books- USAToday”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《San Francisco Chronicle》. 2008년 12월 5일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 23) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 27) (도움말) [깨진 링크]
  144. ↑ “New Halo Trilogy from Tor Books”. 《halo.xbox.com》. Microsoft. 2009-04- 06. 2009년 7월 24일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 27) (도움말);
  145. ↑ “Halo: Combat Evolved”. Metacritic. 2008년 2월 20일에 확인함. 
  146. ↑ “Halo: Combat Evolved - Xbox”. Game Rankings. 2008년 2월 20일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 24) (도움말)
  147. ↑ “Halo 2”. Metacritic. 2008년 2월 20일에 확인함. 
  148. ↑ “Halo 2 - Xbox”. Game Rankings. 2008년 2월 16일에 확인함. 
  149. ↑ “Halo 3”. Metacritic. 2008년 2월 20일에 확인함. 
  150. ↑ “Halo 3 - X360”. Game Rankings. 2008년 2월 20일에 확인함. 
  151. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/xbox360/halowars%7Ctitle=Halo Wars (Xbox360: 2009) Reviews|publisher= Metacritic|accessdate=2009-02-21}}
  152. ↑ [http://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/935835-halo- wars/index.html “Halo Wars for Xbox 360”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Game Rankings. 2009년 3월 4일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 49) (도움말)
  153. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/xbox360/halo3odst%7Ctitle=Halo 3: ODST (Xbox360: 2009) Reviews|publisher= Metacritic|accessdate=2009-09-25}}
  154. ↑ [http://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/954261-halo-3- odst/index.html “Halo 3: ODST for Xbox 360”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Game Rankings. 2009년 9월 25일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 51) (도움말)
  155. ↑ “Halo: Reach (Xbox360: 2010) Reviews”. Metacritic. 2010년 9월 12일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 7) (도움말)
  156. ↑ [http://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/960512-halo- reach/index.html “Halo: Reach for Xbox 360”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Game Rankings. 2009년 9월 12일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 49) (도움말)
  157. ↑ “The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences:: Awards”. [[The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]]. 2002년 2월 28일. 2007년 9월 29일에 [http://www.interactive.org/awards.php? winners&year=2002&cat=200201#200201 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 9월 1일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 39) (도움말); |publisher=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 18) (도움말)
  158. ↑ “Halo: Combat Evolved - Awards”. Xbox.com. 2006년 12월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 9월 1일에 확인함. 
  159. ↑ 가 나 Douglass C. Perry; Erik Brudvig and Jon Miller (2007년 3월 17일). “The Top 25 Xbox Games of All Time”. IGN. 2008년 4월 23일에 확인함. 
  160. ↑ “Readers' Picks Top 100 Games: 11-20”. 《IGN Readers' Choice 2006 - The Top 100 Games Ever》. IGN. 2006. 2008년 1월 23일에 확인함.  |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 5) (도움말)
  161. ↑ “Top 25 Most Overrated Games of All Time”. GameSpy. 2003년 9월 15일. 2006년 6월 26일에 확인함. 
  162. ↑ “Halo 2 Awards”. Xbox.com. 2007년 6월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2007년 2월 12일에 확인함. 
  163. ↑ “Halo 2 tops Live most-played list”. Eurogamer. 2006년 2월 21일. 2008년 3월 18일에 확인함. 
  164. ↑ {{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/top10/article/0,30583,1686204_1686305_1692236,00.html%7Ctitle=50 Top 10 Lists of 2007 - Top 10 Video Games|author=Grossman, Lev|publisher=Time|accessdate=2008-03-10 | date=2007-12- 09}}
  165. ↑ “Best of 2007: Best Online Multiplayer Game (Xbox 360)”. IGN. 2008년 1월 14일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 44) (도움말)
  166. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://bestof.ign.com/2007/xbox360/20.html%7Ctitle=Best of 2007: Most Innovative Design (Xbox 360)| publisher=IGN| accessdate=2008-01-14}}
  167. ↑ Goldstein, Hilary (2007- 09-23). “IGN (USA) Halo 3 Review”. IGN. 2007년 9월 23일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 6) (도움말);
  168. ↑ 가 나 Graziani, Gabe (2007년 9월 23일). [http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/halo- 3/821976p1.html “GameSpy Halo 3 Review”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). GameSpy. 2007년 9월 23일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 42) (도움말)
  169. ↑ Herold, Charles (2007 -09-27). “Halo 3 Mimics Halo 2, With Some Improved Graphic”. The New York Times. 2007년 10월 3일에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 5) (도움말);
  170. ↑ Wilcox, Jon (2007년 9월 27일). “TVG Review: Halo 3”. Total Video Games. 2007년 10월 3일에 확인함. 
  171. ↑ Boulding, Aaron (2001년 11월 9일). “Halo: Combat Evolved review at IGN”. IGN. 2006년 8월 31일에 확인함. 
  172. ↑ McNamara, Andy. [http://web.archive.org/web/20060109094139/http://www.gameinformer.com/NR/exeres/AF4EAEF7-1136-4985-82E0-EB6588130908.htm? CS_pid=210263 “Halo 2 review at Game Informer”] |archiveurl= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Game Informer. 2006년 1월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2007년 2월 9일에 확인함.  |archiveurl=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 122) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 22) (도움말)
  173. ↑ [http://web.archive.org/web/20070916150920/http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/h/halo3/articles/20070910- madametussaud.htm “Master Chief Invades Madame Tussauds”] |archiveurl= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). Microsoft. 2007년 9월 10일. 2007년 9월 16일에 [http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/h/halo3/articles/20070910- madametussaud.htm 원본 문서] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말)에서 보존된 문서. 2007년 9월 21일에 확인함.  |archiveurl=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 101) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 59) (도움말)
  174. ↑ Brightman, James (2004년 11월 17일). “Halo 2's Success A Part of Pop Culture”. GameDaily. 2007년 11월 13일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 28) (도움말)
  175. ↑ {{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2005/time100/artists/100halo.html%7C title=The Halo Trinity: Making Games That Matter| author=Grossman, Lev| publisher=Time| accessdate=2007-11-13 | date=2005-04-18}}
  176. ↑ Schiesel, Seth (2007년 9월 26일). [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/26/technology/26halo.html? pagewanted=1&_r=1 “Halo 3 Arrives, Rewarding Gamers, and Microsodt”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). The New York Times. 2007년 11월 13일에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 11) (도움말); |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 58) (도움말)
  177. ↑ Beatty, D'Marcus. “Halo Influence on the Gaming Industry”. cheatcc.com. 2007년 11월 13일에 확인함.  |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 23) (도움말)
  178. ↑ Graser, Mark (2010년 9월 4일). “'Halo': the care and feeding of a franchise”. 《Variety》. 2010년 10월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010-10- 02에 확인함.  |author=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |title=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 22) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말);
  179. ↑ Chong, David (2008년 4월 15일). “Turning video games into movies”. 《Marketplace》. American Public Media. 2008년 5월 12일에 확인함. 
  180. ↑ Price, Peter (2007-10- 16). “Machinima waits to go mainstream”. 《BBC》. 2009 -02-11에 확인함.  |date=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 9) (도움말); |accessdate=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 5) (도움말);
  181. ↑ Thompson, Clive (2005년 8월 7일). [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/07/magazine/07MACHINI.html? ex=1281067200&en=a0b469a4346f3cbb&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss “The Xbox Auteurs”] |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). [[The New York Times]]. 2006년 1월 8일에 확인함.  |url=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 59) (도움말); |publisher=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 16) (도움말)
  182. ↑ Machinima Series Red vs. Blue Ends Tour of Duty
  183. ↑ Gallaga, Omar (2007년 3월 27일). “Game Over [Final Edition]”. 《Austin American-Statesman》. F1면.  |work=에 라인 피드 문자가 있음(위치 10) (도움말)

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