비난

비난(非難)은 개인이나 단체의 사회적 또는 도덕적으로 무책임한 행동에 대해 불신임하고 나쁘게 말하는 행위를 말한다. 이 용어는 칭찬의 반의어이다. 누군가가 무언가 잘못된 일을 한 데 대해 도덕적으로 책임을 질 때 이 행위는 비난을 받을 가치가 있다. 이와 대조적으로, 어떤 사람이 옳은 일을 하는 데 도덕적 책임이 있을 때, 그 사람의 행동은 칭찬받을 만하다고 말할 수 있다. 윤리적으로 관련되지 않은 다른 칭찬과 비난의 의미도 있다. 누군가의 좋은 옷차림을 칭찬할 수도 있고, 그 사람의 옷차림 감각을 자신의 스타일 감각 탓으로 돌릴 수도 있다.

신경학[편집]

비난은 측두두정 접합(TPJ)부의 뇌 활동을 수반하는 것과 관련되는 것으로 알려져 있다.^[1] 다른 사람을 비난할 때 편도가 기여하는 것으로 밝혀졌으나^[2] 긍정적인 행위에 반응할 때에는 그렇지 않다.^[3]

같이 보기[편집]

각주[편집]

↑ Hoffman, Morris B. (2014). 《The Punisher's Brain: The Evolution of Judge and Jury》. Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society. Cambridge University Press. 68쪽. ISBN 9781107038066. 2014년 5월 22일에 확인함. Our adult brains [...] have dedicated circuits devoted to the assessment of intentionality and harm, and to the calculation of blame based on those two assessments, using intent as the main driver and harm only as a tiebreaker. Part of those blaming circuits lie in a region called the temporoparietal junction, or TPJ. It is an area of the cortex roughly even with the top of the ears.
↑ amygdala has been found
↑ Ngo, Lawrence; Kelly, Meagan; Coutlee, Christopher G; Carter, R McKell; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter; Huettel, Scott A (2015). “Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.”. 《Scientific Reports》 5: 17390. Bibcode:2015NatSR...517390N. doi:10.1038/srep17390. PMC 4669441. PMID 26634909. Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences.

외부 링크[편집]

위키미디어 공용에 관련된
미디어 분류가 있습니다.

비난

Blaming
Moral Responsibility (also on praise and blame), in the 스탠퍼드 철학 백과사전
Praise and Blame, in the en:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

[1] Hoffman, Morris B. (2014). 《The Punisher's Brain: The Evolution of Judge and Jury》. Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society. Cambridge University Press. 68쪽. ISBN 9781107038066. 2014년 5월 22일에 확인함. Our adult brains [...] have dedicated circuits devoted to the assessment of intentionality and harm, and to the calculation of blame based on those two assessments, using intent as the main driver and harm only as a tiebreaker. Part of those blaming circuits lie in a region called the temporoparietal junction, or TPJ. It is an area of the cortex roughly even with the top of the ears.

[Ngo_amygdala-2] ygdala has been found

[Ngo_blaming_study-3] Ngo, Lawrence; Kelly, Meagan; Coutlee, Christopher G; Carter, R McKell; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter; Huettel, Scott A (2015). “Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.”. 《Scientific Reports》 5: 17390. Bibcode:2015NatSR...517390N. doi:10.1038/srep17390. PMC 4669441. PMID 26634909. Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences.

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