사용자:구순돌/연습장/액션에이드

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
ActionAid
결성1972년(52년 전)(1972)
설립자Cecil Jackson-Cole
유형International NGO
법적 지위Nonprofit organization
목적ActionAid works with communities to reduce poverty and promote human rights
본부Johannesburg, South Africa
활동 지역Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Americas
회원Child sponsors
Secretary General
Julia Sánchez
웹사이트ActionAid

ActionAid is an international non-governmental organization whose stated primary aim is to work against poverty and injustice worldwide.[1]

ActionAid is a federation of 45 country offices that works with communities, often via local partner organisations, on a range of development issues. It was founded in 1972 by Cecil Jackson-Cole as a child sponsorship charity (originally called Action in Distress) when 88 UK supporters sponsored 88 children in India and Kenya, the primary focus being is providing children with an education, further the human rights for all, assisting people that are in poverty, assisting those who face discrimination,[2] and also assist people who face injustice.[1] ActionAid works with over 15 million people in 45 countries to assist those people.[1]

Today its head office is located in South Africa with hubs in Asia, the Americas and Europe. ActionAid was the first big INGO to move its headquarters from the global north to the global south.[3][4] ActionAid's current strategy aims to "build international momentum for social, economic and environmental justice, driven by people living in poverty and exclusion".[5]

Tax and economic justice[편집]

ActionAid has been campaigning for tax justice since 2008, conducting research into the effects of various international tax treaties and supporting local people and organizations to hold their governments to account.[6] It argues that losing tax revenue to avoidance harms the world's poorest and most marginalized people, who depend on tax-funded public services.[7][8] It is also often the case that the tax revenue lost in these treaties can exceed the amount of international aid money send to developing countries.[9]

In 2011, ActionAid revealed that 98% of the UK's FTSE 100 companies use tax havens.[10] In 2013 its research into corporate tax avoidance in Zambia showed that Associated British Foods were avoiding paying millions of dollars in corporate tax.[11]

Women's rights[편집]

ActionAid integrates women's rights into all of its programming and project work, but also undertakes campaigns that focus specifically on these issues.

Notable examples have included raising awareness about unpaid care work[12][13] and sexual harassment[14] and violence[15] (including acid attacks[16]) in Bangladesh, offering free cancer tests to women in Nigeria who could not afford them,[17] and tackling female genital mutilation in Sweden.[18]

Climate justice[편집]

ActionAid's advocacy work on climate change focuses on climate justice, guided by the experiences and needs of its country's programmes. Its most prominent engagement comes through the annual Conference of Parties, where it supports communities vulnerable to climate change to influence decision-making processes.

It calls for rich countries to live up to pledges of providing climate adaptation grants[19][20][21] and pushes for agreements to improve the lives of those most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.[22] ActionAid was also critical of climate insurance policies, such as those purchased by Malawi in 2015, since those insurance policies fail to deliver when they are desperately needed.[23]

Emergencies and humanitarian aid[편집]

ActionAid promotes women's leadership in humanitarian responses, arguing that women are best positioned to identify their needs and those of the communities around them in times of crisis.[24] Strengthening citizens' rights is also a focus, such as campaigning with Haitians for greater transparency and accountability in how aid money was spent after the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[25]

As it has established relationships with communities and other NGOs in countries that are prone to ecological events, ActionAid is often able to respond quickly to emergencies. Notable crises and responses have included the Boxing Day tsunami in 2010 in the Indian ocean,[26] drought in East Africa[27][28] and India,[29] and floods in Ghana,[30] Rwanda,[31] Sierra Leone,[32] Bangladesh and Nepal.

On 4 October 2018 ActionAid announced that Pakistan government has ordered 18 international aid groups to leave the country.[33]

Child sponsorship[편집]

Child sponsorship is one of ActionAid's primary sources of income. Donors sponsor an individual child[34] from a community in a developing country and receive regular updates about the child's progress and development.

Sponsorship funds support the child's whole community, "so children have a healthy and safe place to live and grow up." This support takes the form of providing clean water, healthcare, agricultural programmes, education centres in areas where schools are not available, and community income generation schemes.[35]

Alliance-building[편집]

As ActionAid has grown in influence, building alliances with like-minded organisations has become a key focus area. Announcing this approach at the World Social Forum in 2015,[36] ActionAid has played a role in convening civil society and community groups to tackle issues of youth political participation in the Middle East[37] and global inequality.[38]

Supporting social causes through the mass media[편집]

ActionAid made India's first Bollywood film focusing on AIDS,[출처 필요] Ek Alag Mausam, a love story involving HIV positive people, based on a script by playwright Mahesh Dattani.[39]

ActionAid also supported Shyam Benegal's film, Samar, which is based on the book Unheard Voices: Stories of Forgotten Lives by Harsh Mander.[40] The film raises issues about Dalits.[39]

Notable Leaders[편집]

Esther Agbarakwe Youngest chair person for General Assembly of ActionAid

Criticism[편집]

Charity Navigator recorded that in 2012 ActionAid USA had a high cost of fund raising (24%), with 53% of income spent on projects.[41] This was also reported in an International Business Times article in October 2014, which noted that the "accounting processes the charity uses resulted in its administrative costs appearing to be "particularly high" in the fiscal year ending 2012, the timeframe Charity Navigator relied on when calculating its current Charity Navigator score."[42] Charity Navigator reports that for 2013 the cost of fundraising for ActionAid USA was much lower (9.4%), with 82.4% of income spent on projects.[41]

ActionAid has been criticized for spreading unsupported claims and "grotesque" pictures of adverse effects from consumption of some genetically engineered crops in Africa, in particular the unsupported claim of genetically engineered crops causing tumors and cancer. The organization apologized for their misleading actions in 2015, after publication in the media.[43][44]

See also[편집]

References[편집]

  1. ↑ 가 나 다 “Who we are”. ActionAid. 2018년 8월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 5월 25일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ “What we do | ActionAid”. 《www.actionaid.org》 (영어). 2017년 11월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 11월 20일에 확인함. 
  3. ↑ Campolina, Adriano (2015년 10월 10일). “Facilitating more than leading”. 《Development and Cooperation》 (영어). 2017년 12월 4일에 확인함. 
  4. ↑ Patton, Anna (2014년 10월 6일). “'Internationalizing' your NGO: 4 lessons from ActionAid”. 《Devex》 (영어). 2017년 12월 4일에 확인함. 
  5. ↑ “Strategy 2028: Action for Global Justice”. 《www.actionaid.org》. 2018년 8월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 12월 4일에 확인함. 
  6. ↑ Ricks, Jenny (2015년 7월 7일). “The anatomy of a campaign: tax justice, ActionAid”. 《The Guardian》. 
  7. ↑ “How Tax Havens Plunder the Poor”. 《Global Policy Forum》. 
  8. ↑ “ActionAid report says "shady" tax treaties disproportionately favour multinationals, increasing inequality & poverty in poor countries”. 《Business and Human Rights Resource Centre》. 
  9. ↑ “Bistånd verkar inte i ett vakuum”. 《Svenska Dagbladet》 (스웨덴어). 2012년 2월 16일. 
  10. ↑ Gribbin, Alice (2011년 10월 11일). “98 of FTSE 100 companies use tax havens”. 《New Statesman》. 
  11. ↑ Boffey, Daniel (2013년 2월 9일). “Sugar manufacturer Associated British Foods avoids paying corporate tax in Zambia – video”. 《The Guardian》. 
  12. ↑ Hill, Amelia (2016년 9월 22일). “Women do four years more work than men in lifetime, report shows”. 《The Guardian》. 
  13. ↑ Foster, Dawn (2015년 7월 17일). “Women's paid and unpaid work, and the colonial hangover”. 《openDemocracy》. 
  14. ↑ “50% women face unwanted touching at markets: Study”. 《The Daily Star》. 2017년 7월 17일. 
  15. ↑ Cope, Rebecca (2016년 12월 8일). “Gemma Chan Shares Powerful Stories From Sexual Violence Victims In New ActionAid Film”. 《Grazia》. 
  16. ↑ Zamfir, Gabriel; Kara O'Neill (2017년 3월 9일). “Brave acid attack victims take to catwalk as they 'refuse to hide their faces'”. 《The Mirror》. 
  17. ↑ “Actionaid Nigeria Offers Free Cancer Tests to 100 Women”. 《This Day》. 2017년 5월 18일. 
  18. ↑ “'Tusentals flickor i Sverige riskerar könsstympning'”. 《Svenska Dagbladet》 (스웨덴어). 2017년 6월 14일. 
  19. ↑ Rowling, Megan (2015년 11월 20일). “How conflict increases countries' climate change risk”. 《World Economic Forum》. 
  20. ↑ Goering, Laurie (2016년 11월 9일). “Trump win will not derail global climate effort, activists vow”. 《Reuters》. 
  21. ↑ “WWF, Care And Action Aid Launch Adaptation Report”. 《Blue & Green Tomorrow》. 2016년 11월 11일. 
  22. ↑ Harvey, Fiona (2015년 12월 14일). “Paris climate change deal too weak to help poor, critics warn”. 《The Guardian》. 
  23. ↑ “Action Aid faults drought insurance that failed Malawi”. 
  24. ↑ Higelin, Michelle (2016년 5월 25일). “World Humanitarian Summit: Time to shift power to women on the frontlines”. 《Left Foot Forward》. 
  25. ↑ “Two years on, ActionAid's earthquake response continues, but huge challenges remain”. 《ReliefWeb》. 2012년 1월 11일. 
  26. ↑ “Finance: ActionAid close to budget on its six-month tsunami relief spend”. 《Third Sector》. 2005년 6월 29일. 
  27. ↑ “Mobile phones save lives in remote African communities affected by drought”. 《Tech4Good Awards》. 
  28. ↑ “ActionAid appeals for help in drought-hit areas of East Africa”. 2019년 6월 25일. 
  29. ↑ Rao, Mohit M. (2017년 4월 29일). “Unprecedented crop loss in State, says ActionAid”. 《The Hindu》. 
  30. ↑ “ActionAid donates to Dome flood victims”. 《GhanaWeb》. 2015년 6월 23일. 
  31. ↑ “Action Aid donates to flood victims”. 《The New Times, Rwanda》. 2010년 5월 26일. 
  32. ↑ “Sierra Leone: Action Aid Donates Food Items to Flood Victims”. 《All Africa》. 
  33. ↑ “Pakistan Tells 18 International NGOs To Leave Country: Report”. 《NDTV.com》. Reuters. 2018년 10월 4일. 2019년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  34. ↑ “ActionAid: the welcome to child sponsorship package”. 
  35. ↑ “Six things you should know about sponsoring a child”. 《ActionAid UK》. 
  36. ↑ Campolina, Adriano (2015년 3월 23일). “World Social Forum can inspire activists to unite against the global power grab”. 《The Guardian》. 
  37. ↑ Azzeh, Laila (2017년 8월 6일). “NGO seizes election opportunity to boost youth's political mobilisation”. 《The Jordan Times》. 
  38. ↑ “About – Fight Inequality”. 2017년 11월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 12월 4일에 확인함. 
  39. ↑ 가 나 “'Ek Alag Mausam' based on AIDS”. Smashits.com. 2013년 1월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 11월 17일에 확인함. 
  40. ↑ “Working for change”. 《The Hindu》. 2001년 5월 20일. 2003년 7월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 11월 28일에 확인함. 
  41. ↑ 가 나 “Charity Navigator Rating – ActionAid USA”. 《Charity Navigator》. 2015년 6월 14일에 확인함. 
  42. ↑ Connor Adams Sheets (2014년 10월 10일). “Ebola Relief Charities: 5 Aid Groups To Avoid Donating To”. 《International Business Times》. 2015년 6월 14일에 확인함. 
  43. ↑ Wright, Oliver (2015년 3월 25일). “ActionAid: The charity spreading 'groundless' fears over GM”. 《The Independent》. 2015년 3월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 
  44. ↑ Ongu, Isaac (2015년 3월 30일). “ActionAid in Africa ensnared by its own ugly GMO cancer scare tactics”. 

Further reading[편집]

External links[편집]

틀:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission

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