탕산대지진: 두 판 사이의 차이

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
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46번째 줄: 46번째 줄:
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'''탕산 지진'''({{llang|zh-cn|唐山地震|탕산디진}}) 혹은 '''탕산대지진'''({{llang|zh|唐山大地震}})은 1976년 7월 28일 오전 3시 42분에 [[중국]] [[허베이성]] [[탕산시]] 주변 지역을 강타한 [[모멘트 규모]]M<sub>w</sub>7.6의 [[지진]]이다. 지진의 최대진도는 [[수정 메르칼리 진도 계급]] 기준 XI이다. 지진 직후 탕산시의 건물 85%가 붕괴되거나 사용 불가능 수준으로 파괴되었고 모든 사회 서비스가 중단되었으며 고속도로와 교량 대부분이 붕괴되거나 심각한 손상을 입었다.<ref>{{Harvnb|Housner|He|2002|loc=Prologue}}.</ref> 중국 측 공식 보고서에 따르면 탕산시에서 242,769명이 사망하고 164,851명이 중상을 입었다고 발표했지만 실종자와 나중에 사망한 부상자, 인근 [[베이징]]과 [[톈진]]에서의 사망자를 고려하면 최소 30만명이 사망했다고 추정되며<ref name="Xia Mingfang">{{cite book|chapter=家庭的解体与重生:历史视野下的唐山大地震 |title=文明的"双相"——灾害与历史的缠绕|last=夏明方|date=2020|publisher=广西师范大学出版社|page=79|chapter-url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_8247540}}</ref><ref name="year40">{{cite news|title=唐山大地震四十年:反思与"记忆"|work=东方历史评论|last=王瓒玮|date=2016-07-28|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/107947175_120776}} Reprinted as: {{Cite news|url=https://www.jiemian.com/article/769233.html|title=唐山大地震40年:从死亡人数到天灾还是人祸仍是一地鸡毛|work=Jiemian|access-date=2019-02-06|date=2016-07-28|author=王瓒玮|archive-date=2021-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115010316/https://www.jiemian.com/article/769233.html}}</ref> 이는 [[지진 목록|근대 기록상 가장 많은 사망자가 발생한 지진]]이자 중국에서 사망자가 가장 많은 자연재해 중 하나로 꼽힌다.
'''탕산 지진'''(唐山地震, {{llang|zh-cn|唐山地震}})은 [[1976년]] [[7월 28일]] 3시 42분에 [[중화인민공화국]] [[허베이성]] [[탕산 시]] 부근을 진원으로서 발생한 규모 7.5(미국지질조사소 발표, 중국지진국은 규모 7.8로 구분)의 직하형 지진이다. 시가지를 북북동에서 남남서로 달리는 단층을 따라서 큰 수평 오른쪽에 차이가 발생하면서, 격진에 의해서 당시 중국의 유수한 공업도시인 탕산은 괴멸 상태가 되었다. 공식 기록에 의하면 이 지진에 의한 사망자는 242,419명이며, 이것은 20 세기 최대의 피해이다.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.3em"
== 지진 ==
|+가장 피해가 컸던 지진
!순위
!일자
!장소
!이름
!사망자
!규모
|-
!1
|1556년 1월 23일
|[[중화인민공화국|중국]] [[산시성 (섬서성)|산시]]
|[[산시 대지진]]
|830,000
|8.0
|-
!2
|1976년 7월 28일
|[[중화인민공화국|중국]] [[탕산]]
|탕산 지진
|255,000 (공식)
|7.5
|-
!3
|2010년 1월 12일
|[[아이티]]
|[[2010년 아이티 지진]]
|230,000 이상
|7.0
|-
!4
|2004년 12월 26일
|[[인도네시아]] [[수마트라섬]]
|[[2004년 인도양 지진 해일]]
|230,210
|9.1-9.3
|-
!5
|1138년 10월 11일
|[[시리아]] [[알레포]]
|[[1138년 알레포 지진]]
|230,000
|8.5
|-
!6
|1920년 12월 16일
|[[중화인민공화국|중국]] [[닝샤]] - [[간쑤]]
|[[1920년 하이위안 지진]]
|200,000 - 240,000
|7.8 또는 8.5
|-
!7
|893년 3월 23일
|[[이란]] [[아르다빌]]
|[[893년 아르다빌 지진]]
|150,000
|
|-
!8
|1923년 9월 1일
|[[일본]] [[간토]]
|[[간토 대지진]]
|143,000
|7.9
|-
!9
|1948년 10월 6일
|[[투르크메니스탄]] [[아시가바트]]
|[[아시가바트 지진|1948년 아시가바트 지진]]
|110,000
|7.3
|}


== 영화 ==
== 영화 ==
125번째 줄: 55번째 줄:


== 같이 보기 ==
== 같이 보기 ==
* [[2008년 쓰촨 성 대지진]]
* [[중국의 지진 목록]]
* [[리영희]]
* [[1976년 지진]]


== 각주 ==
== 각주 ==
134번째 줄: 64번째 줄:
;출처주
;출처주
{{각주}}
{{각주}}

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|title = The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
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|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
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|chapter-url= https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume1_Chapter_1.pdf
|date= 2002
|editor1-first= George W. |editor1-last= Housner
|editor2-first= Duxin |editor2-last= He
|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
|publisher= Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
|place= Pasadena, California
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|publisher=Xinhua News Agency
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|date= 2002
|editor1-first= George W. |editor1-last= Housner
|editor2-first= Duxin |editor2-last= He
|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
|publisher= Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
|place= Pasadena, California
|volume= 1
|url= http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL.2002.001
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* {{Citation
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|chapter-url= https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume1_Chapter_1.pdf
|date= 2002a
|editor1-first= George W. |editor1-last= Housner
|editor2-first= Duxin |editor2-last= He
|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
|publisher= Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
|place= Pasadena, California
|volume= 1
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* {{Citation
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|date= 2002b
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|editor2-first= Duxin |editor2-last= He
|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
|publisher= Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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|editor1-first= George W. |editor1-last= Housner
|editor2-first= Duxin |editor2-last= He
|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
|publisher= Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
|place= Pasadena, California
|volume= 1
|url= http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL.2002.001
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|title= The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
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{{Refend}}
{{div col end}}

== 추가 읽기 ==
* [[Qian Gang]]. ''The Great China Earthquake''. Beijing: [[Foreign Languages Press]], 1989. {{ISBN|0835122271}}.
* James Palmer. ''Heaven Cracks, Earth Shakes: The Tangshan Earthquake and the Death of Mao's China''. New York: Basic Books, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-465-01478-1}} (hardcover alk. paper) 9780465023493 (ebk. alk. paper).
* [http://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/TangshanEQRept.htm Report on The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976]: English translation of an extensive Chinese report from 1986.
* {{cite web|author=Knotts, Joey|url=https://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2019/12/05/tangshan-earthquake-felt-beijing-reminder-2nd-most-deadly-quake-last-century|title=Beijing Tremors a Ghostly Reminder of Catastrophic 1976 Tangshan Quake|work=[[The Beijinger]]|date=2019-12-05}}


== 외부 링크 ==
== 외부 링크 ==
* {{언어링크|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008054651/http://rms.com/Publications/1976Tangshan.pdf 탕산 대지진 30주년 기념 자료] (PDF)
* {{언어링크|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008054651/http://rms.com/Publications/1976Tangshan.pdf 탕산 대지진 30주년 기념 자료] (PDF)
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php 세계 최악의 지진들, USGS] {{웨이백|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php |date=20090901233953 }}
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php 세계 최악의 지진들, USGS] {{웨이백|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php |date=20090901233953 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130911062352/http://www.globalwatch.org/ungp/qinglong.htm "Integration of Public Administration and Earthquake Science: The Best Practice Case of Qinglong County"] at GlobalWatch.org
* {{EQ-isc-link|711732}}
* An isoseismal map (showing the different zones of shaking intensity) of the Tangshan earthquake can be found [https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume4.0_front_matter.pdf here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128134409/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume4.0_front_matter.pdf |date=28 November 2020 }}.


{{중화인민공화국의 지진}}
{{중화인민공화국의 지진}}

2024년 5월 15일 (수) 18:00 판

탕산 지진
탕산 광업대학 건물이 지진으로 완전 붕괴된 모습. 이 대학에서 지진으로 학생 2천명 이상이 사망했다.
탕산대지진은(는) 중국 안에 위치해 있다
탕산대지진
본진
UTC 시각이중지진:    
 1976-07-27 19:42:55
 1976-07-28 10:45:36
ISC 지진번호 
 711732
 711773
USGS-ANSS 
 ComCat
 ComCat
현지일1976년 7월 28일
현지시간 
 3시 42분 55초
 18시 45분 36초
규모 
    모멘트 규모 7.5
표면파 규모 Ms7.6[1]
    모멘트 규모 7.4
표면파 규모 Ms7.4[2]
최대 진도   수정 메르칼리 진도 계급 진도 XI
진원 깊이 
 12.2[1] km
 16.7[2] km
진앙중국 허베이성 탕산시 지역
북위 39° 38′ 동경 118° 06′ / 북위 39.63° 동경 118.10°  / 39.63; 118.10
피해
피해 지역중국 허베이성
피해액100억 위안 이상
사상자242,419명[3][a]~655,000명[4][5]

탕산 지진(중국어 (중국): 唐山地震 탕산디진) 혹은 탕산대지진(중국어: 唐山大地震)은 1976년 7월 28일 오전 3시 42분에 중국 허베이성 탕산시 주변 지역을 강타한 모멘트 규모Mw7.6의 지진이다. 지진의 최대진도는 수정 메르칼리 진도 계급 기준 XI이다. 지진 직후 탕산시의 건물 85%가 붕괴되거나 사용 불가능 수준으로 파괴되었고 모든 사회 서비스가 중단되었으며 고속도로와 교량 대부분이 붕괴되거나 심각한 손상을 입었다.[6] 중국 측 공식 보고서에 따르면 탕산시에서 242,769명이 사망하고 164,851명이 중상을 입었다고 발표했지만 실종자와 나중에 사망한 부상자, 인근 베이징톈진에서의 사망자를 고려하면 최소 30만명이 사망했다고 추정되며[7][8] 이는 근대 기록상 가장 많은 사망자가 발생한 지진이자 중국에서 사망자가 가장 많은 자연재해 중 하나로 꼽힌다.

지진

영화

  • 2010년 7월 22일, 《탕산대지진》 개봉.
  • 2010년 11월 4일, 《탕산대지진》 한국 개봉.

같이 보기

각주

내용주
  1. 초기에는 사망자 수치가 불확실하고 그 오차범위가 커서 최대 75만명 사망설을 주장한 곳도 있었다.
출처주
  1. ISC-EHB Event 711732 [IRIS].
  2. ISC-EHB Event 711773 [IRIS].
  3. Xinhua News Agency, 29 July 2017; Chen 등. 1988
  4. Pararas-Carayannis, George (March 2001). 《The Big One: The Next Great California Earthquake; Understanding Why, Where, and when, It Will Happen》. Forbes Pub. ISBN 9780970972507. 
  5. '76 Termed Among Worst in Toll from Earthquakes”. 《The New York Times》. 1977년 1월 24일. 
  6. Housner & He 2002, Prologue.
  7. 夏明方 (2020). 〈家庭的解体与重生:历史视野下的唐山大地震〉. 《文明的"双相"——灾害与历史的缠绕》. 广西师范大学出版社. 79쪽. 
  8. 王瓒玮 (2016년 7월 28일). “唐山大地震四十年:反思与"记忆". 《东方历史评论》.  Reprinted as: 王瓒玮 (2016년 7월 28일). “唐山大地震40年:从死亡人数到天灾还是人祸仍是一地鸡毛”. 《Jiemian》. 2021년 1월 15일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 6일에 확인함. 

참고 문헌

  • ANSS, 〈Sichuan 1976〉, 《Comprehensive Catalog》, U.S. Geological Survey 
  • Bo, Zhiyue (2010), 〈Chapter 7, Sichuan Earthquake〉, 《China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization》, Series on Contempoary China 19, ISBN 978-981-283-672-4 .
  • Cha, Chi-Yuan (August 1976), 〈General Conditions of Earthquake Studies and Actions in China〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 5–11쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
  • Chen, Yong; Tsoi, Kam-Ling; Chen, Feibi; Gao, Zhenhuan; Zou, Qijia; Chen, Zhangli, 편집. (1988), 《The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: An Anatomy of Disaster》, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 153쪽, ISBN 978-0080348759, LCCN 88005916 .
  • Chu, Fung-Ming (August 1976), 〈Outline of Prediction and Forecast of Haicheng Earthquake of M=7.3〉 (PDF), Muller, Paul M., 《Proceedings of Lectures by the Seismological Delegation of the PRC》, Special Report 43-32, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 11–19쪽 . English translation by JPL of a lecture originally published in 1976 in a special issue of the Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan (in Japanese).
  • 林[Lin], 泉 [Quan] (1982), 地球的震撼 [The Earth's Shock] (중국어), Beijing, China: 中国地震出版社 [Seismological Press] .
  • Malcolm, Andrew H. (1977년 6월 2일), “Chinese Disclose That 1976 Quake Was Deadliest in Four Centuries”, 《New York Times》, 1쪽 .
  • Stoltman, Joseph P.; Lidstone, John; Dechano, M. Lisa. (2004), 《International Perspectives on Natural Disasters》, Springer Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4020-2850-2 .


추가 읽기

  • Qian Gang. The Great China Earthquake. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1989. ISBN 0835122271.
  • James Palmer. Heaven Cracks, Earth Shakes: The Tangshan Earthquake and the Death of Mao's China. New York: Basic Books, 2011. ISBN 978-0-465-01478-1 (hardcover alk. paper) 9780465023493 (ebk. alk. paper).
  • Report on The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976: English translation of an extensive Chinese report from 1986.
  • Knotts, Joey (2019년 12월 5일). “Beijing Tremors a Ghostly Reminder of Catastrophic 1976 Tangshan Quake”. 《The Beijinger》. 

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