인공지능의 역사: 두 판 사이의 차이

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인라인

2023년 5월 21일 (일) 16:26 판

인공지능(AI)의 역사는 고대에 장인이 지능이나 의식을 부여한 인공 존재에 대한 신화, 이야기, 소문과 함께 시작되었다. 현대 AI의 씨앗은 인간의 사고 과정을 기호의 기계적 조작으로 설명하려는 철학자들에 의해 심어졌다. 이 작업은 1940년대에 수학적 추론의 추상적 본질에 기반한 기계인 프로그래밍 가능한 디지털 컴퓨터의 발명으로 절정에 달했다. 이 장치와 그 배후의 아이디어는 소수의 과학자들로 하여금 전자 두뇌를 구축할 가능성에 대해 진지하게 논의하기 시작하도록 영감을 주었다.

AI 연구 분야는 1956년 여름 미국 다트머스 대학 캠퍼스에서 열린 워크샵에서 시작되었다. 참석한 사람들은 수십 년 동안 AI 연구의 리더가 될 것이다. 그들 중 많은 사람들이 인간만큼 지능적인 기계가 한 세대 안에 존재할 것이라고 예측했고, 이 비전을 실현하기 위해 수백만 달러를 받았다.

결국 상업 개발자와 연구자들이 프로젝트의 어려움을 지나치게 과소평가했다는 것이 명백해졌다. 1974년 제임스 라이트힐(James Lighthill)의 비판과 의회의 계속되는 압력에 대응하여 미국과 영국 정부는 인공 지능에 대한 방향 없는 연구에 대한 자금 지원을 중단했으며 그 이후의 어려운 시기는 나중에 "AI 겨울"로 알려지게 되었다. 7년 후, 일본 정부의 선견지명이 있는 이니셔티브는 정부와 산업계에 수십억 달러를 AI에 제공하도록 영감을 주었지만 80년대 후반에 투자자들은 환멸을 느끼고 다시 자금 지원을 철회했다.

AI에 대한 투자와 관심은 새로운 방법, 강력한 컴퓨터 하드웨어의 적용, 막대한 데이터 세트 수집으로 인해 기계 학습이 학계와 산업계의 많은 문제에 성공적으로 적용되었던 21세기의 첫 10년 동안 급증했다.

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@@ 8번째 줄: / 8번째 줄: @@
 AI에 대한 투자와 관심은 새로운 방법, 강력한 컴퓨터 하드웨어의 적용, 막대한 데이터 세트 수집으로 인해 기계 학습이 학계와 산업계의 많은 문제에 성공적으로 적용되었던 21세기의 첫 10년 동안 급증했다.
+== 참고문헌 ==
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+{{refend}}
 [[분류:인공지능의 역사| ]]