121가지 마음(팔리어: ekavīsasatāni cittāni, 영어: one hundred twenty-one cittas, one hundred twenty-one consciousness)은 특히 상좌부의 교학과 아비담마 그리고 수행에서 사용하는 용어로, 욕계·색계·무색계·출세간에 속한 총 121가지의 마음을 말한다. 아비담마에 따르면, 21가지 마음은 모두 대상의 인식, 즉, 앎이라는 동일한 본질적인 성질을 가지기 때문에 실제로는 하나의 마음이다. 즉, 121가지 마음이란 하나의 마음의 121가지 유형 또는 상태이다.[1] 121가지 마음은 89가지 마음 중 출세간의 마음 8가지를 세분하여 얻어진 것이다. 즉, 이 8가지를 초선 · 제2선 · 제3선 · 제4선의 4선의 체계가 아닌, 초선 · 제2선 · 제3선 · 제4선 · 제5선의 5선정의 체계에 따라 세분하면 40가지(8 × 5 = 40)가 있으며, 따라서 총 121가지 마음이 있게 된다(89 - 8 + 40 = 121).[2][3][4]
↑Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.225.
Consciousness (citta), though divided into eighty-nine types, is regarded as one entity
because all cittas have the same intrinsic nature — the cognizing of an object.
↑Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.55.
Supramundane Consciousness (lokuttaracittāni) — 8
↑Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.56.
§28. Summary of Supramundane Consciousness
Catumaggappabhedena catudhā kusalaṁ tathā
Pākaṁ tassa phalattā ti aṭṭhadh’ānuttaraṁ mataṁ.
The wholesome consciousness is fourfold, divided by way of the four paths. So
too are the resultants, being their fruits. Thus, the supramundane should be understood
as eightfold.
↑Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.60~61.
121 Types of Consciousness (ekavīsasatāni cittāni)
§30. In Brief Ittham ekūnanavutippabhedaṁ pana mānasaṁ
Ekavīsasataṁ v’ātha vibhajanti vicakkhaṇā.
These different classes of consciousness, which thus number eighty-nine, are
divided by the wise into one hundred twenty-one.
§31. In Detail Kathaṁ ekūnanavutividhaṁ cittaṁ ekavīsasataṁ hoti?
1. Vitakka-vicāra-pīti-sukh’-ekaggatā-sahitaṁ paṭhamajjhāna-sotāpattimaggacittaṁ.
2. Vicāra-pīti-sukh’-ekaggatā-sahitaṁ dutiyajjhāna-sotāpatti-maggacittaṁ.
3. Pīti-sukh’-ekaggatā-sahitaṁ tatiyajjhāna-sotāpatti-maggacittaṁ.
4. Sukh’-ekaggatā-sahitaṁ catutthajjhāna-sotāpatti-maggacittaṁ.
5. Upekkh’-ekaggatā-sahitaṁ pañcamajjhāna-sotāpatti-maggacittañ cā ti.
Imāni pañca pi sotāpatti-maggacittāni nāma. Tathā sakadāgāmi-magga,
anāgāmi-magga, arahatta-maggacittañ cā ti samavīsati maggacittāni.
Tathā phalacittāni cā ti samacattāḷīsa lokuttaracittāni bhavantī ti.
How does consciousness that is analyzed into eighty-nine types become one
hundred twenty-one types?
1. The first jhāna path consciousness of stream-entry together with initial application,
sustained application, zest, happiness, and one-pointedness.
2. The second jhāna path consciousness of stream-entry together with sustained
application, zest, happiness, and one-pointedness.
3. The third jhāna path consciousness of stream-entry together with zest, happiness, and
one-pointedness.
4. The fourth jhāna path consciousness of stream-entry together with happiness and
one-pointedness.
5. The fifth jhāna path consciousness of stream-entry together with equanimity and onepointedness.
These are the five types of path consciousness of stream-entry. So too for the path
consciousness of once-returning, of non-returning, and of Arahantship, making twenty
types of path consciousness. Similarly, there are twenty types of fruition consciousness.
Thus, there are forty types of supramundane consciousness.
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