이 저작물은 미국에서 1978년과 1989년 3월 1일 사이에 저작권 안내 없이 발행되었고 이후 5년 이내에 미국 저작권 사무소에 저작권 등록을 하지 않았으므로 퍼블릭 도메인 입니다. 저작자가 사망한 지 몇 년이 지나지 않는 한 캐나다(사후 50년), 중국 본토(사후 50년, 홍콩과 마카오 제외), 독일(사후 70년), 멕시코(사후 100년), 스위스(사후 70년) 및 개별 조항이 있는 다른 국가와 같은 미국의 저작물에 대해 단기 보호 기간 조항을 적용하지 않는 국가 또는 지역에서는 저작권이 있습니다. 자세한 사항은 이 페이지를 참조하십시오.
This non-U.S. work was published in 1929 or later, but is in the public domain in the United States because it was simultaneously published (within 30 days) in the U.S. and in its source country and is in the public domain in the U.S. as a U.S. work (no copyright registered, or not renewed).
For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights. Note: in addition to this statement, there must be a statement on this page explaining why the work is in the public domain in the U.S. Additionally, there must be verifiable information about previous publications of the work.
It is an anonymous work or pseudonymous work and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication
It is a work where the copyright holder is a legal entity or a work of applied art and 50 years have passed since the year of its publication
It is a photographic or cinematic work that is not compositive (artistic in nature) first published before 1 January 1999
It is work published in Iraq before 1 January 1954, and the author died before 1 January 1979
It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)
It is one of "collections of official documents, such as texts of international laws, regulations and agreements, judicial judgements and various official documents."
It is the work of a body corporate, public or private, published by January 1st, 1980 (Article 20, 1971 law).
Per U.S. Circ. 38a, the following countries are not participants in the Berne Convention or Universal Copyright Convention and there is no presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright protection to works of these countries on the basis of reciprocal treatment of the works of U.S. nationals or domiciliaries:
East Timor, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Marshall Islands, Palau, Somalia, Somaliland, and South Sudan.
As such, works published by citizens of these countries in these countries are usually not subject to copyright protection outside of these countries. Hence, such works may be in the public domain in most other countries worldwide.
However:
Works published in these countries by citizens or permanent residents of other countries that are signatories to the Berne Convention or any other treaty on copyright will still be protected in their home country and internationally as well as locally by local copyright law (if it exists).
Similarly, works published outside of these countries within 30 days of publication within these countries will also usually be subject to protection in the foreign country of publication. When works are subject to copyright outside of these countries, the term of such copyright protection may exceed the term of copyright inside them.
Unpublished works from these countries may be fully copyrighted.
A work from one of these countries may become copyrighted in the United States under the URAA if the work's home country enters a copyright treaty or agreement with the United States and the work is still under copyright in its home country.