:강대국 목록

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
1815 1878 1900 1919 1939 1945 c. 2000 c. 2010
오스트리아 제국 오스트리아 제국[nb 1] 오스트리아-헝가리의 기 오스트리아-헝가리[nb 2] 오스트리아-헝가리의 기 오스트리아-헝가리[nb 3]
대영 제국의 기 대영 제국[nb 4] 대영 제국의 기 대영 제국[nb 5] 대영 제국의 기 대영 제국[nb 6] 대영 제국의 기 대영 제국[nb 7] 대영 제국의 기 대영 제국[nb 9] 영국의 기 영국[nb 10] 영국의 기 영국[nb 11] 영국의 기 영국[nb 12]
프랑스 제1제국 프랑스 제1제국[nb 13] 프랑스 제3공화국 프랑스 제3공화국[nb 14] 프랑스 제3공화국 프랑스 제3공화국[nb 15] 프랑스 제3공화국 프랑스 제3공화국[nb 16] 프랑스 제3공화국 프랑스 제3공화국[nb 17] 프랑스 프랑스 제4공화국[nb 18] 프랑스 프랑스[nb 19] 프랑스 프랑스[nb 20]
프로이센 프로이센 왕국[nb 21] 독일 제국 독일 제국[nb 22] 독일 제국 독일 제국[nb 23] 나치 독일 나치 독일[nb 24] 독일 독일[nb 25] 독일 독일[nb 26]
이탈리아 왕국의 기 이탈리아 왕국[nb 27] 이탈리아 왕국의 기 이탈리아 왕국[nb 28] 이탈리아 왕국의 기 이탈리아 왕국[nb 29] 이탈리아 왕국의 기 이탈리아 왕국[nb 30] 이탈리아 이탈리아[nb 31] 이탈리아 이탈리아[nb 32]
일본 제국 일본 제국[nb 33] 일본 제국 일본 제국[nb 35] 일본 제국 일본 제국[nb 36] 일본 일본[nb 37] 일본 일본[nb 38]
오스만 제국 오스만 제국[nb 39] 오스만 제국 오스만 제국[nb 40] 오스만 제국 오스만 제국[nb 41]
러시아 제국 러시아 제국[nb 42] 러시아 제국 러시아 제국[nb 43] 러시아 제국 러시아 제국[nb 44] 소련 소련[nb 45] 소련 소련[nb 46] 러시아 러시아[nb 47] 러시아 러시아[nb 48]
미국 미국[nb 49] 미국 미국[nb 50] 미국 미국[nb 51] 미국 미국[nb 52] 미국 미국[nb 53] 미국 미국[nb 54]

틀에 포함된 내용주

  1. For Austria in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  2. For Austria in 1880, see: [4]
  3. For Austria in 1900, see: [5]
  4. For the United Kingdom in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  5. For the United Kingdom in 1880, see: [4]
  6. For the United Kingdom in 19900, see: [5]
  7. For the United Kingdom in 1919, see: [6]
  8. After the Statute of Westminster came into effect in 1931, the United Kingdom no longer represented the British Empire in world affairs.
  9. For the United Kingdom in 1938, see: [nb 8][7]
  10. For the United Kingdom in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  11. For the United Kingdom in 2000, see: [10][11][8][1][12][13][14][15][16][17]
  12. For the United Kingdom in 2010, see: [10][11][8][1][15][18][16]
  13. For France in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  14. For France in 1880, see: [4]
  15. For France in 1900, see: [5]
  16. For France in 1919, see: [6]
  17. For France in 1938, see: [7]
  18. For France in 1946, see: [1][8]
  19. For France in 2000, see: [10][1][8][11][12][13][15]
  20. For France in 2010, see: [10][1][8][11][15][18]
  21. For Germany in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  22. For Germany in 1880, see: [4]
  23. For Germany in 1900, see: [5]
  24. For Germany in 1938, see: [7]
  25. For Germany in 2000, see: [10][1][11][12][13][15]
  26. For Germany in 2010, see: [10][1][11][15][19][20]
  27. For Italy in 1880, see: [21][22][23][24]
  28. For Italy in 1900, see: [5]
  29. For Italy in 1919, see: [6]
  30. For Italy in 1938, see: [7]
  31. For Italy in 2000, see: [10][12][13][25][26][27]
  32. For Italy in 2010, see: [10][12][13][28][29][30]
  33. For Japan in 1900, see: [5]
  34. "The Prime Minister of Canada (during the Treaty of Versailles) said that there were 'only three major powers left in the world the United States, Britain and Japan' ... (but) The Great Powers could not be consistent. At the instance of Britain, Japan's ally, they gave Japan five delegates to the Peace Conference, just like themselves, but in the Supreme Council the Japanese were generally ignored or treated as something of a joke." from MacMillan, Margaret (2003). 《Paris 1919》. United States of America: Random House Trade. 306쪽. ISBN 0-375-76052-0. 
  35. For Japan in 1919, see: [6][nb 34]
  36. For Japan in 1938, see: [7]
  37. For Japan in 2000, see: [1][11][31][32][12][15]
  38. For Japan in 2010, see: [1][11][31][32][15][33]
  39. For Ottoman Empire in 1815, see: [34]
  40. For Ottoman Empire in 1878, see: [35]
  41. For Ottoman Empire in 1815, s[36]
  42. For Russia in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  43. For Russia in 1880, see: [4]
  44. For Russia in 1900, see: [5]
  45. For Russia in 1938, see: [7]
  46. For Russia in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  47. For Russia in 2000, see: [1][8][11][31][12][13][15]
  48. For Russia in 2010, see: [1][8][11][31][15][37]
  49. For the United States in 1900, see: [5]
  50. For the United States in 1919, see: [6]
  51. For the United States in 1938, see: [7]
  52. For the United States in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  53. For the United States in 2000, see: [10][1][8][11][38][12][13][15]
  54. For the United States in 2010, see: [10][1][8][11][38][12][13][15]

틀에 포함된 각주

  1. Peter Howard (2008). 〈Great Powers〉. 《Encarta》. MSN. 2009년 10월 31일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 12월 20일에 확인함. 
  2. Fueter, Eduard (1922). 《World history, 1815–1920》. United States of America: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 25–28, 36–44쪽. ISBN 1584770775. 
  3. Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), pp 27, 225–228 (PDF chapter downloads) (PDF copy).
  4. McCarthy, Justin (1880). 《A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee》. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. 475–476쪽. 
  5. Dallin, David. 《The Rise of Russia in Asia》. 
  6. MacMillan, Margaret (2003). 《Paris 1919》. United States of America: Random House Trade. 36, 306, 431쪽. ISBN 0-375-76052-0. 
  7. Harrison, M (2000) The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison, Cambridge University Press.
  8. Louden, Robert (2007). 《The world we want》. United States of America: Oxford University Press US. 187쪽. ISBN 0195321375. 
  9. The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union – Their Responsibility for Peace (1944), written by William T.R. Fox
  10. 《Canada Among Nations, 2004: Setting Priorities Straight》. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 2005년 1월 17일. 85쪽. ISBN 0773528369. 2016년 6월 13일에 확인함.  ("The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers")
  11. T. V. Paul; James J. Wirtz; Michel Fortmann (2005). 《Balance of Power》. United States of America: State University of New York Press, 2005. 59, 282쪽. ISBN 0791464016.  Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States p.59
  12. Sterio, Milena (2013). 《The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers》. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. xii (preface)쪽. ISBN 0415668182. 2016년 6월 13일에 확인함.  ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")
  13. 《Transforming Military Power since the Cold War: Britain, France, and the United States, 1991–2012》. Cambridge University Press. 2013. 224쪽. ISBN 1107471494. 2016년 6월 13일에 확인함.  (During the Kosovo War (1998) "...Contact Group consisting of six great powers (the United states, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy).")
  14. McCourt, David (2014년 5월 28일). 《Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics》. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472072218. 
  15. Baron, Joshua (2014년 1월 22일). 《Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order》. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1137299487. 
  16. Chalmers, Malcolm (May 2015). “A Force for Order: Strategic Underpinnings of the Next NSS and SDSR” (PDF). 《Royal United Services Institute》. Briefing Paper (SDSR 2015: Hard Choices Ahead): 2. While no longer a superpower (a position it lost in the 1940s), the UK remains much more than a 'middle power'. 
  17. Walker, William (2015년 9월 22일). “Trident's Replacement and the Survival of the United Kingdom”. 《International Institute for Strategic Studies, Global Politics and Strategy》 57 (5): 7–28. 2015년 12월 31일에 확인함. Trident as a pillar of the transatlantic relationship and symbol of the UK's desire to remain a great power with global reach. 
  18. P. Shearman, M. Sussex, European Security After 9/11(Ashgate, 2004) - According to Shearman and Sussex, both the UK and France were great powers now reduced to middle power status.
  19. Otte M, Greve J (2000) A Rising Middle Power?: German Foreign Policy in Transformation, 1989-1999, St. Martin's Press
  20. Sperling, James (2001). “Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe”. 《British Journal of Political Science》 31 (2). doi:10.1017/S0007123401000151. 
  21. Kennedy, Paul (1987). 《The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers》. United States of America: Random House. 204쪽. ISBN 0-394-54674-1. 
  22. Best, Antony; Hanhimäki, Jussi; Maiolo, Joseph; Schulze, Kirsten (2008). 《International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond》. United States of America: Routledge. 9쪽. ISBN 0415438969. 
  23. Wight, Martin (2002). 《Power Politics》. United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. 46쪽. ISBN 0826461743. 
  24. Waltz, Kenneth (1979). 《Theory of International Politics》. United States of America: McGraw-Hill. 162쪽. ISBN 0-07-554852-6. 
  25. "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
  26. Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
  27. Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). 《Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power》. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6. 
  28. "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
  29. Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
  30. Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). 《Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power》. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6. 
  31. UW Press: Korea's Future and the Great Powers
  32. Richard N. Haass, "Asia's overlooked Great Power", Project Syndicate April 20, 2007.
  33. Robert W. Cox, 'Middlepowermanship, Japan, and Future World Order, International Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1989), pp. 823-862.
  34. Howard, Douglas (2017). 《History of the Ottoman Empire》. Cambridge University Press. 232-233쪽. ISBN 978-0521727303. 
  35. Howard, Douglas (2017). 《History of the Ottoman Empire》. Cambridge University Press. 241쪽. ISBN 978-0521727303. 
  36. Howard, Douglas (2017). 《History of the Ottoman Empire》. Cambridge University Press. 267-268쪽. ISBN 978-0521727303. 
  37. Neumann, Iver B. (2008). “Russia as a great power, 1815–2007”. 《Journal of International Relations and Development》 11: 128–151 [p. 128]. doi:10.1057/jird.2008.7. As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully fledged great power. 
  38. “Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era”. 2007년 2월 28일에 확인함.