↑"The Prime Minister of Canada (during the Treaty of Versailles) said that there were 'only three major powers left in the world the United States, Britain and Japan' ... (but) The Great Powers could not be consistent. At the instance of Britain, Japan's ally, they gave Japan five delegates to the Peace Conference, just like themselves, but in the Supreme Council the Japanese were generally ignored or treated as something of a joke." from MacMillan, Margaret (2003). 《Paris 1919》. United States of America: Random House Trade. 306쪽. ISBN0-375-76052-0.
↑ 가나다라마Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), pp 27, 225–228 (PDF chapter downloads)(PDF copy).
↑ 가나다라마바사아자차카타T. V. Paul; James J. Wirtz; Michel Fortmann (2005). 《Balance of Power》. United States of America: State University of New York Press, 2005. 59, 282쪽. ISBN0791464016.Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States p.59
↑ 가나다라마바사아자Sterio, Milena (2013). 《The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers》. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. xii (preface)쪽. ISBN0415668182. 2016년 6월 13일에 확인함. ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")
↑ 가나다라마바사아자차카타Baron, Joshua (2014년 1월 22일). 《Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order》. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN1137299487.
↑ 가나Chalmers, Malcolm (May 2015). “A Force for Order: Strategic Underpinnings of the Next NSS and SDSR”(PDF). 《Royal United Services Institute》. Briefing Paper (SDSR 2015: Hard Choices Ahead): 2. While no longer a superpower (a position it lost in the 1940s), the UK remains much more than a 'middle power'.
↑ 가나P. Shearman, M. Sussex, European Security After 9/11(Ashgate, 2004) - According to Shearman and Sussex, both the UK and France were great powers now reduced to middle power status.
↑Best, Antony; Hanhimäki, Jussi; Maiolo, Joseph; Schulze, Kirsten (2008). 《International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond》. United States of America: Routledge. 9쪽. ISBN0415438969.
↑"Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
↑Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). 《Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power》. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN978-0-7391-4868-6.
↑"Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
↑Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). 《Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power》. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN978-0-7391-4868-6.
↑Neumann, Iver B. (2008). “Russia as a great power, 1815–2007”. 《Journal of International Relations and Development》 11: 128–151 [p. 128]. doi:10.1057/jird.2008.7. As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully fledged great power.