삼염화 인

삼염화 인
이름
	IUPAC 이름 Phosphorus trichloride
	체계명 Trichlorophosphane
	별칭 Phosphorus(III) chloride; Phosphorous chloride
식별자
CAS 번호	7719-12-2 ;
3D 모델 (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30334 ;
ChemSpider	22798 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.864
EC 번호	231-749-3;
PubChem CID	24387;
RTECS 번호	TH3675000;
UNII	M97C0A6S8U ;
UN 번호	1809
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5029687 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Cl3P/c1-4(2)3 Key: FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES ClP(Cl)Cl;
성질
화학식	PCl3
몰 질량	137.33 g/mol
겉보기	Colorless to yellow fuming liquid
냄새	unpleasant, acrid, like hydrochloric acid
밀도	1.574 g/cm3
녹는점	−93.6 °C (−136.5 °F; 179.6 K)
끓는점	76.1 °C (169.0 °F; 349.2 K)
물에서의 용해도	hydrolyzes
other solvents에서의 용해도	soluble틀:Vague in benzene, CS2, ether, chloroform, CCl4, halogenated organic solvents ; reacts with ethanol
증기 압력	13.3 kPa
자화율 (χ)	−63.4·10−6 cm3/mol
굴절률 (nD)	1.5122 (21 °C)
점도	0.65 cP (0 °C) ; 0.438 cP (50 °C)
쌍극자 모멘트	0.97 D
열화학
표준 생성 엔탈피 (ΔfH⦵298)	−319.7 kJ/mol
위험
주요 위험	Highly toxic, corrosive
물질 안전 보건 자료	ICSC 0696
GHS 그림문자
신호어	위험
GHS 유해위험문구	H300, H301, H330, H314, H373
GHS 예방조치문구	P260, P273, P284, P305+351+338, P304+340+310, P303+361+353
NFPA 704 (파이어 다이아몬드)	0 4 2 W
	반수 치사량 또는 반수 치사농도 (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	18 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	104 ppm (rat, 4 hr); 50 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)
	NIOSH (미국 건강 노출 한계):
PEL (허용)	TWA 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3)
REL (권장)	TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) ST 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3)
IDLH (직접적 위험)	25 ppm
관련 화합물
관련 phosphorus chlorides	Phosphorus pentachloride; Phosphorus oxychloride; Diphosphorus tetrachloride
관련 화합물	Phosphorus trifluoride; Phosphorus tribromide; Phosphorus triiodide
	달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨. 확인 (관련 정보 ?) 정보상자 각주

삼염화 인(Phosphorus trichloride)은 화학식 PCl₃을 갖는 무기 화합물이다. 순수할 때 무색의 액체이며 아인산 에스터와 기타 유기 인 화합물들을 제조하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 산업화학물이다. 독성이 있으며 물과 쉽게 반응하여 염화 수소를 만들어 낸다.

역사[편집]

삼염화 인은 1808년 프랑스의 화학자 조제프 루이 게이뤼삭과 루이 자크 테나르가 칼로멜을 인과 함께 가열함으로써 처음 만들었다.^[5]

준비[편집]

P₄ + 6 Cl₂ → 4 PCl₃

각주[편집]

↑ ^가 ^나 ^다 ^라 ^마 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. “#0511”. 미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소 (NIOSH).
↑ Phosphorus trichloride toxicity
↑ ^가 ^나 “Phosphorus trichloride”. 《Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH)》. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
↑ Sigma-Aldrich Co.
↑ Gay-Lussac; Thénard (1808년 5월 27일). “Extrait de plusieurs notes sur les métaux de la potasse et de la soude, lues à l'Institut depuis le 12 janvier jusqu'au 16 mai” [Extracts from several notes on the metals potassium and sodium, read at the Institute from the 12th of January to the 16th of May]. 《Gazette Nationale, Ou le Moniteur Universel》 (프랑스어) 40 (148): 581–582. From p. 582: "Seulement ils ont rapporté qu'en traitant le mercure doux par le phosphure, dans l'espérance d'avoir de l'acide muriatique bien sec, il ont trouvé une liqueur nouvelle très limpide, sans couleur, répandant de fortes vapeurs, s'enflammant spontanément lorsqu'on en imbibe le papier joseph; laquelle ne paraît être qu'une combinaison de phosphore, d'oxigène et d'acide muriatique, et par conséquent analogue à cette qu'on obtient en traitant le soufre par le gas acide muriatique oxigèné." (Only they reported that by treating calomel with phosphorus, in the hope of obtaining very dry hydrogen chloride, they found a new, very clear liquid, colorless, giving off strong vapors, spontaneously igniting when one soaks filter paper in it; which seems to be only a compound of phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrochloric acid, and thus analogous to what one obtains by treating sulfur with chlorine gas.)

[PGCH-1] 가 ^나 ^다 ^라 ^마 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. “#0511”. 미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소 (NIOSH).

[2] Phosphorus trichloride toxicity

[IDLH-3] 가 ^나 “Phosphorus trichloride”. 《Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH)》. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[Sigma-4] Sigma-Aldrich Co.

[5] Gay-Lussac; Thénard (1808년 5월 27일). “Extrait de plusieurs notes sur les métaux de la potasse et de la soude, lues à l'Institut depuis le 12 janvier jusqu'au 16 mai” [Extracts from several notes on the metals potassium and sodium, read at the Institute from the 12th of January to the 16th of May]. 《Gazette Nationale, Ou le Moniteur Universel》 (프랑스어) 40 (148): 581–582. From p. 582: "Seulement ils ont rapporté qu'en traitant le mercure doux par le phosphure, dans l'espérance d'avoir de l'acide muriatique bien sec, il ont trouvé une liqueur nouvelle très limpide, sans couleur, répandant de fortes vapeurs, s'enflammant spontanément lorsqu'on en imbibe le papier joseph; laquelle ne paraît être qu'une combinaison de phosphore, d'oxigène et d'acide muriatique, et par conséquent analogue à cette qu'on obtient en traitant le soufre par le gas acide muriatique oxigèné." (Only they reported that by treating calomel with phosphorus, in the hope of obtaining very dry hydrogen chloride, they found a new, very clear liquid, colorless, giving off strong vapors, spontaneously igniting when one soaks filter paper in it; which seems to be only a compound of phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrochloric acid, and thus analogous to what one obtains by treating sulfur with chlorine gas.)

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