사용자:WaffenSS/번역실/나치 수용소 시리즈
번역 후 다하우 강제 수용소로 Cut & Paste.
As a result of the American Army investigation court-martial charges were drawn up against Sparks and several other men under his command, but as General Patton, the recently appointed military governor of Bavaria, chose to dismiss the charges so the witnesses to the massacre were never cross examined in court and no one was found guilty.[1]
The U.S. troops also forced citizens of the local community to come to the camp, observe the conditions, and help clean the facilities. Many local residents were indignant about the experience and claimed no knowledge of the camp's activities.
Post-liberation Easter at Dachau[편집]
A few days after the liberation of the camp was the day of Pascha, Orthodox Easter. In a cell block used by Catholic priests to say daily mass, several Greek, Serbian, and Russian priests and one Serbian deacon, wearing makeshift vestments made from towels of the SS guard, gathered with several hundred Greek, Serbian and Russian prisoners to celebrate the Paschal Matins and Liturgy. A prisoner named Rahr described the scene:
In the entire history of the Orthodox Church there has probably never been an Easter service like the one at Dachau in 1945. Greek and Serbian priests together with a Serbian deacon adorned the make-shift 'vestments' over their blue and gray-striped prisoners' uniforms. Then they began to chant, changing from Greek to Slavonic, and then back again to Greek. The Easter Canon, the Easter Sticheras—everything was recited from memory. The Gospel—'In the beginning was the Word'—also from memory. And finally, the Homily of Saint John—also from memory. A young Greek monk from the Holy Mountain stood up in front of us and recited it with such infectious enthusiasm that we shall never forget him as long as we live. Saint John Chrysostomos himself seemed to speak through him to us and to the rest of the world as well!
There is a Russian Orthodox chapel at the camp today, and it is well known for its exquisite icon of Christ leading the prisoners out of the camp gates.
The U.S. 7th Army's version of the events of the Dachau Liberation are available in Report of Operations of the Seventh United States Army, Vol. 3, page 382.
After liberation[편집]
After liberation, the camp was used by the US Army as an internment camp. In 1948 the Bavarian government established housing for refugees on the site, and this remained for many years.[2]
The memorial site[편집]
Between 1945 and 1948 when the camp was handed over to the Bavarian authorities, many accused war criminals and members of the SS were imprisoned at the camp. After this period, due to a severe housing shortage and the arrival of many thousands of refugees from Eastern Germany, the camp was used as temporary housing until the 1950s. During this time, former prisoners banded together to erect a memorial on the site of the camp, finding it unbelievable that there were still people (refugees) living in the former camp.
The display, which was reworked in 2003, takes the visitor through the path of new arrivals to the camp. Special presentations of some of the notable prisoners are also provided. Two of the barracks have been rebuilt and one shows a cross-section of the entire history of the camp, since the original barracks had to be torn down due to their poor condition when the memorial was built. The other 28 barracks are indicated by concrete foundations.
The memorial includes four chapels for the various religions represented among the prisoners.
The local government resisted designating the complete site a memorial. The former SS barracks adjacent to the camp are now occupied by the Bavarian Bereitschaftspolizei (rapid response police unit).[3]
다하우의 유명한 죄수들[편집]
저항 투사들[편집]
- Noor Inayat Khan, the George's Cross awardee of Indian origin who served as a clandestine radio operator for the Special Operations Executive in Paris, murdered 13 September 1944 when she and her SOE colleagues were shot in the back of the head and cremated.
- Yolande Beekman, Special Operations Executive Agent, murdered 13 September 1944
- Madeleine Damerment, Special Operations Executive Agent, murdered 13 September 1944
- Eliane Plewman, Special Operations Executive Agent, murdered 13 September 1944
성직자들[편집]
Dachau had a special "priest block." Of the 2720 priests (among them 2579 Catholic) held in Dachau, 1034 did not survive the camp. The majority were Polish (1780), of whom 868 died in Dachau.
- a number of the 108 Martyrs of World War Two:
- Hilary Paweł Januszewski
- Adam Kozlowiecki, Polish Cardinal.
- Lawrence Wnuk
- Blessed Michał Kozal
- Aloys Scholze, died 1 September 1942.
- Anton Fränznick, in Dachau since 1942, died 27 January 1944.
- Blessed Stefan Grelewski, Catholic priest, prisoner No. 25281, starved to death in Dachau on 9 May 1941.
- Blessed Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski Catholic priest, died 23 February 1945.
- Hermann Scheipers
- Hermanus Knoop, Pastor of the Reformed (Gereformeerd) Church of Rotterdam-Delfshaven, arrested 19 November 1941 for praying for "bringing politics to the pulpit"
- Joseph Kentenich, founder of the Schoenstatt Movement, spent three and a half years in Dachau.
- Blessed Karl Leisner, in Dachau since 14 December 1941, freed 4 May 1945, but died on 12 August from the tuberculosis contracted in the camp.
- Martin Niemöller, imprisoned in 1941, freed 4 May 1945.
- Nanne Zwiep, Pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Enschede, spoke out from the pulpit against Nazis and their treatment of Dutch Citizens and Jews, arrested 20 April 1942, died in Dachau of exhaustion and malnutrition 24 November 1942.
- Norbert Čapek (1870-1942) founder of the Unitarian Church in the Czech Republic.
- Richard Schneider, in Dachau since 22 November 1940, freed 29 March 1945
- Blessed Titus Brandsma, Dutch Carmelite priest and professor of philosophy, died 26 July 1942.
- Father Jean Bernard (1907-1994), Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was imprisoned from May 1941 to August 1942. Father Bernard wrote the compelling book "Pfarrerblock 25487" about his experiences in Dachau. The movie "The Ninth Day" directed by Volker Schlöndorff is based on his diary.
- Nikolai Velimirović (1880-1956), Serbian bishop and an influential theological writer, On 14 December 1944 he was sent to Dachau, together with Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo.
정치인[편집]
- Alois Hundhammer, arrested 21 June 1933, freed 6 July 1933
- Hjalmar Schacht, arrested 1944, released April 1945
- Jan Buzek, murdered in November 1940
- Kurt Schuschnigg
- Kurt Schumacher, in Dachau since July 1935, sent to Flossenbürg concentration camp in 1939, returned to Dachau in 1940, released due to extreme illness 16 March 1943
- Leopold Figl, arrested 1938, released 8 May 1943
- Stefan Starzyński, the President of Warsaw, probably murdered in Dachau in 1943
공산주의자[편집]
- Alfred Andersch, held 6 months in 1933
- 한스 바이믈러, 수감된 후 탈출했다. 스페인 내전 중에 사망했다.
- Emil Carlebach (Jewish), in Dachau since 1937, sent to Buchenwald concentration camp in 1938
- Adolf Maislinger
- Nikolaos Zachariadis (Greek), from November 1941 to May 1945
- Oskar Müller, in Dachau from 1939, freed 1945
- Nando Gherghetta (Italian-Istrian), from 1943
작가[편집]
- 프리츠 괴를리히
- Gustaw Morcinek, 폴란드 실레지아 출신 작가
- 하인리히 에두아르트 야콥(Heinrich Eduard Jacob), 독일 작가. 1938년에 다하우에 6개월 간 수감되었고, 부헨발트 강제 수용소로 이송되었다.
- 유라 소이퍼(Jura Soyfer), 작가, 1938년 다하우에 6개월 간 수감된 후 부헨발트 강제 수용소로 이송됨.
- 라울 아우에른하이머(Raoul Auernheimer), 작가로서 4개월간 수감됨,
- Stanisław Grzesiuk, 폴란드 작가, poet 시인이며 가수. 바르샤바 출신으로 다하우에 1940년 4월 4일부터 수감되었다가 후에 마우트하우젠-구센 강제 수용소로 이송되었다.
- Stefan Kieniewicz, 폴란드 역사가
- Stevo Žigon (죄수번호: 61185), 세르비아 배우, 작가, 극단 연출자로 1943년 12월부터 1945년 5월까지 다하우에 수감되었다.
- 타데우스츠 보로브스키(Tadeusz Borowski), 작가로 살아남았으나 1951년에 자살을 시도했다.
- 프란츠 로(Franz Roh), 독일 예술 비평가이며 역사가로 1933년에 잠시 수감되었다.
- 로베르 안텔미(Robert Antelme), 프랑스 작가
- Boris Pahor, 슬로베니아 작가
- Fran Albreht, 슬로베니아 시인
황실[편집]
- Antonia, Crown Princess of Bavaria
- Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
- Franz, Duke of Bavaria
- Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria
- Franz Wittelsbach, Prinz von Bayern
- Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg
- Prince Ernst von Hohenberg
- Princess Sophie of Hohenberg
References[편집]
- ↑ 인용 오류:
<ref>
태그가 잘못되었습니다;AP
라는 이름을 가진 주석에 텍스트가 없습니다 - ↑ Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site (pedagogical information) 틀:De icon
- ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff (2002년 10월 21일 23:33). “Neue Museumskonzepte für die Konzentrationslager”. 《WELT ONLINE》 (독일어) (Axel Springer AG). 2007년 3월 21일에 확인함.
. . . die SS-Kasernen neben dem KZ Dachau wurden zuerst (bis 1974) von der US-Armee bezogen. Seither nutzt sie die VI. Bayerische Bereitschaftspolizei. (. . . the SS barracks adjacent to the Dachau concentration camp were at first occupied by the US Army (until 1974) . Since then they have been used by the Sixth Rapid Response Unit of the Bavarian Police.)
External links[편집]
- google maps satellite image of Leiten gravesite north of the camp only the chapel Maria Regia Pacis is visible
- Interior and Exterior Images of the Dachau Camp by photographer Lance Mazmanian
- Communists to be interned in Dachau, The Guardian, March 21 1933 contemporaneous report on the opening of the camp
- Events of the Dachau Camp's liberation on April 29th, 1945 at humanitas international
- "The Souls are All Aflame." An account of the Paschal services in Dachau in 1945
- Memorial to those who suffered at the eleven Kaufering subcamps of Dachau and to the US 12th Armored Division (Personal Website)
- Biography of survivor Abram Enzel (Personal Website by his son)