사용자:Reiro/창고2

위키백과에선 금지 단어 내지 표현 따윈 없습니다만, 편견을 조장할 수 있는 일부 표현은 경계해야 합니다. 과대 평가, 폄하, 애매한 표현, 상투 어구, 특정 관점 편향적인 표현을 없애 주세요.

이 지침은 아래 제시된 예시에 한해서만 적용되는 것이 아닙니다. 또한 너무 빡빡하게 적용해서도 안 됩니다. 예를 들어, 어떤 단어는 문맥 상 전문적인 특정 의미로 사용되기도 합니다. (가령 법 관련 문맥 상의 "부인하다"라는 단어) 중요한 것은 문서는 잘 작성되었는지, 내용과 관련한 핵심적인 정책(중립적 시각, 독자 연구 금지, 확인 가능)을 준수하였는지 여부입니다. 이 지침은 원 출처를 그대로 옮겨와야 하는 인용구(문)에는 적용되지 않습니다.

문제가 될 만한 어휘를 스스로 못 고치겠으면 백:사랑방 등에 있는 다른 사용자에게 도와달라고 하세요.

편견을 조장하는 어휘

과대 포장

 위키백과:중립적 시각 문서를 참고하십시오.

주시해야 할 어휘 : 전설적이다 (또는 ~의 레전드), 대단하다, 호평을 받는다, 우수하다, 선도하다, 혁신적이다, 기발하다, 유명하다, 비범하다, 명망 높다, 놀랍다, 독특하다, 존경스럽다, 여러 상을 받다, 음원/극장가 강자, 랜드마크, 최첨단~, 월드 클래스급~, ~의 상징, 거장, 히트, 대세 입증, ...

Words to watch: legendary, great, acclaimed, iconic, visionary, outstanding, leading, celebrated, award-winning, landmark, cutting-edge, innovative, extraordinary, brilliant, hit, famous, renowned, remarkable, prestigious, world-class, respected, notable, virtuoso, honorable, awesome, unique, ...

An example of peacock terms

Words such as these are often used without attribution to promote the subject of an article, while neither imparting nor plainly summarizing verifiable information. They are known as "peacock terms" by Wikipedia contributors. Instead of making unprovable proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.

• Peacock example:
  • Bob Dylan is the defining figure of the 1960s counterculture and a brilliant songwriter.
• Just the facts:
  • Dylan was included in Time's 100: The Most Important People of the Century, in which he was called "master poet, caustic social critic and intrepid, guiding spirit of the counterculture generation". By the mid-1970s, his songs had been covered by hundreds of other artists.

Articles suffering from such language should be rewritten to correct the problem or may be tagged with an appropriate template if an editor is unsure how best to correct them.

Puffery is an example of positively loaded language; negatively loaded language should be avoided just as much. People responsible for "public spending" (the neutral term) can be loaded both ways, as "the tax-and-spend politicians borrowing off the backs of our grandchildren" or "the public servants ensuring crucial investment in our essential infrastructure for the public good".

논란의 여지가 있는 꼬리표

주의해야 할 어휘 : 이단, 인종차별주의자, 남성/여성 혐오자, 변태 성욕자, 근본주의자, 극단주의자, 테러범, 네오 나치, 미신, ~게이트, 논란, 사이비, ...

Words to watch: cult, racist, perverted, sect, fundamentalist, heretic, extremist, denialist, terrorist, freedom fighter, bigot, myth, neo-Nazi, -gate, pseudo-, controversial, ...

Value-laden labels—such as calling an organization a cult, an individual a racist, terrorist, or freedom fighter, or a sexual practice a perversion—may express contentious opinion and are best avoided unless widely used by reliable sources to describe the subject, in which case use in-text attribution. Avoid myth in its informal sense, and establish the scholarly context for any formal use of the term.

The prefix pseudo‑ indicates that something is false or spurious, which may be debatable. The suffix ‑gate suggests the existence of a major scandal. Use these in articles only when they are in wide use externally (e.g. Gamergate controversy), with in-text attribution if in doubt. Rather than describing an individual using the subjective and vague term controversial, instead give readers information about relevant controversies. Make sure, as well, that reliable sources establish the existence of a controversy and that the term is not used to grant a fringe viewpoint undue weight.

With regard to the term "pseudoscience": per the policy Neutral point of view, pseudoscientific views "should be clearly described as such". Per the content guideline fringe theories, the term "pseudoscience" may be used to distinguish fringe theories from mainstream science, supported by reliable sources.

근거 없는 권위

주의해야 할 어휘: 일부(일각)에서는, 많은 학자들은, 이를 본 네티즌들은, 전문가들에 따르면, 한 연구보고서에서는, 한 온라인 커뮤니티에서는, 일반적인 상식으로는, 과학자들이 말하길, ...

Words to watch: some people say, many scholars state, it is believed/regarded, many are of the opinion, most feel, experts declare, it is often reported, it is widely thought, research has shown, science says, scientists claim, it is often said, ...

An example of weasel words

Weasel words are words and phrases aimed at creating an impression that something specific and meaningful has been said, when in fact only a vague or ambiguous claim has been communicated. A common form of weasel wording is through vague attribution, where a statement is dressed with authority, yet has no substantial basis. Phrases such as those above present the appearance of support for statements but can deny the reader the opportunity to assess the source of the viewpoint. They may disguise a biased view. Claims about what people say, think, feel, or believe, and what has been shown, demonstrated, or proved should be clearly attributed.

The examples given above are not automatically weasel words. They may also be used in the lead section of an article or in a topic sentence of a paragraph, and the article body or the rest of the paragraph can supply attribution. Likewise, views that are properly attributed to a reliable source may use similar expressions, if they accurately represent the opinions of the source. Reliable sources may analyze and interpret, but for editors to do so would violate the no original research or neutral point of view policies. Equally, editorial irony and damning with faint praise have no place in Wikipedia articles.

Articles including weasel words should ideally be rewritten such that they are supported by reliable sources; alternatively, they may be tagged with the {{weasel}}, {{by whom}}, or similar templates to identify the problem to future readers (who may elect to fix the problem).

Expressions of doubt

Words to watch: supposed, apparent, purported, alleged, accused, so-called, ...

Words such as supposed, apparent, alleged and purported can imply that a given point is inaccurate, although alleged and accused are appropriate when wrongdoing is asserted but undetermined, such as with people awaiting or undergoing a criminal trial; when these are used, ensure that the source of the accusation is clear. So-called can mean commonly named, falsely named, or contentiously named, and it can be difficult to tell these apart. Simply called is preferable for the first meaning; detailed and attributed explanations are preferable for the others.

Punctuation can also be used for similar effects: quotation marks, when not marking an actual quote, may indicate that the writer is distancing herself or himself from the otherwise common interpretation of the quoted expression; the use of emphasis may turn an innocuous word into a loaded expression. Such occurrences should also be considered carefully.

개인적인 의견

Words to watch: notably, it should be noted, arguably, interestingly, essentially, actually, clearly, of course, without a doubt, happily, tragically, aptly, fortunately, unfortunately, untimely, ...

The use of adverbs such as notably and interestingly, and phrases such as it should be noted, to highlight something as particularly significant or certain without attributing that opinion, should usually be avoided so as to maintain an impartial tone. Words such as fundamentally, essentially, and basically can indicate particular interpretative viewpoints, and thus should also be attributed in controversial cases. Care should be used with actually, which implies that a fact is contrary to expectations; make sure that this is verifiable and not just assumed. Clearly, obviously, naturally, and of course all presume too much about the reader's knowledge and perspective and often amount to excess verbiage. Wikipedia should not take a view as to whether an event was fortunate or not.

Words to watch: but, despite, however, though, although, ...

More subtly, editorializing can produce implications that are not supported by the sources. Words used to link two statements such as but, despite, however, and although may imply a relationship where none exists, possibly unduly calling the validity of the first statement into question while giving undue weight to the credibility of the second.

Synonyms for said

Words to watch: reveal, point out, clarify, expose, explain, find, note, observe, insist, speculate, surmise, claim, assert, admit, confess, deny, ...

Said, stated, described, wrote, commented, and according to are almost always neutral and accurate. Extra care is needed with more loaded terms. For example, to write that a person clarified, explained, exposed, found, pointed out, or revealed something can imply that it is true, instead of simply conveying the fact that it was said. To write that someone insisted, noted, observed, speculated, or surmised can suggest the degree of the person's carefulness, resoluteness, or access to evidence, even when such things are unverifiable.

To write that someone asserted or claimed something can call their statement's credibility into question, by emphasizing any potential contradiction or implying a disregard for evidence. Similarly, be judicious in the use of admit, confess, reveal, and deny, particularly for living people, because these verbs can inappropriately imply culpability.

불명확한 표현

완곡어법

주의해야 할 어휘: 세상을 떠나다, 목숨을 바치다, 영면에 들다, 사랑을 나누다, 부수적 피해, 병마와 싸우다 ...

Words to watch: passed away, gave his life, eternal rest, make love, an issue with, collateral damage, living with cancer, ...

The word died is neutral and accurate; avoid euphemisms such as passed away. Likewise, have sex is neutral; the euphemism make love is presumptuous. Some words that are proper in many contexts also have euphemistic senses that should be avoided: do not use issue for problem or dispute; civilian casualties should not be masked as collateral damage.

If a person has an affliction, or is afflicted, say just that; living with is vague and presumptuous. Norms vary for expressions concerning disabilities and disabled persons. The goal is to express ideas clearly and directly without causing unnecessary offense. Do not assume that plain language is inappropriate.

상투어와 숙어

Words to watch: lion's share, tip of the iceberg, gild the lily, take the plunge, ace up the sleeve, bird in the hand, twist of fate, at the end of the day, ...

Clichés and idioms are generally to be avoided in favor of direct, literal expressions. Lion's share is often misunderstood; instead use a term such as all, most, or two-thirds. The tip of the iceberg should be reserved for descriptions of icebergs. If something is seen as wasteful excess, say that, not gilding the lily or a white elephant unless a large physical waste of money and quoted. It's presumptuous to describe someone as taking the plunge; just state their actions matter-of-factly. If a literal interpretation of a phrase makes no sense in the context of a sentence, then the sentence should be reworded. Wiktionary has a lengthy list of English idioms, some of which should be avoided.

상대적인 시간 표기

 Wikipedia:As of § Precise language 및 Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Chronological items 문서를 참고하십시오.

Words to watch: recently, lately, currently, today, presently, to date, 15 years ago, formerly, in the past, traditionally, this/last/next (year/month/winter/spring/summer/fall/autumn), yesterday, tomorrow, in the future, now, soon, since, ...

Absolute specifications of time are preferred to relative constructions using recently, currently, and so on, because the latter may go out of date. "By May 2011 contributions had dropped" has the same meaning as "Recently, contributions have dropped" (when written in mid-2011) but the first example retains its meaning as time passes. And recently–type constructions may be ambiguous even at the time of writing: was it in the last week? – month? – year? The information that "The current president, Cristina Fernández, took office in 2007", or "Cristina Fernández has been president since 2007", is better rendered "Cristina Fernández became president in 2007". Wordings such as "17 years ago" or "Jones is 65 years old" should be rewritten as "in 2007", "Jones was 65 years old at the time of the incident", or "Jones was born in 1959".

When material in an article may become out of date, follow the Wikipedia:As of guideline, which allows information to be written in a less time-dependent way. There are also several templates for alerting readers to time-sensitive wording problems.

Expressions like "former(ly)", "in the past", and "traditional(ly)" lump together unspecified periods in the past. "Traditional" is particularly pernicious because it implies immemorial established usage. It is better to use explicit dates supported by sources. Instead of "hamburgers are a traditional American food," say "the hamburger was invented in about 1900 and became widely popular in the United States in the 1930s." Because seasons differ between the northern and southern hemisphere, try to use months, quarters, or other non-seasonal terms such as mid-year unless the season itself is pertinent (spring blossoms, autumn harvest); see WP:SEASON.

불분명한 장소/사건

Words to watch: this country, here, there, somewhere, sometimes, often, occasionally, somehow, ...

As in the previous section, prefer specific statements to general ones. It is better to use explicit descriptions, based on reliable sources, of when, where, or how an event occurred. Instead of saying "In April 2012, Senator Smith somehow managed to increase his approval rating by 10%," say "In April 2012, Senator Smith's approval rating increased by 10%, which has been attributed to his new position on foreign policy."^[1] Instead of saying "Senator Smith often discusses foreign policy in his speeches," say "Senator Smith discussed foreign policy during his election campaign, and subsequently during his victory speech at the State Convention Center."^[2]

Remember that Wikipedia is a global encyclopedia, and does not assume that particular places or times are the "default". We emphasize facts and viewpoints to the same degree that they are emphasized by the reliable sources. Terms like "this country" should not be used.

Survived by

 WP:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a blog, Web hosting service, social networking service, or memorial site 및 WP:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a newspaper 문서를 참고하십시오.

Words to watch: is/was survived by ...

Phrasing such as Smith died in 1982, survived by her husband Jack and two sons should be avoided in favor of more complete biographical information, such as Smith married Jack in 1957. The couple had two sons, Bill and Ted. She died in 1982.

The terms survivors and survived by are used in this way as journalistic and legal shorthand, such as in newspaper obituaries and sources concerned with inheritance. An encyclopedia article, on the other hand, is concerned with a subject's overall notability, not just their death. Articles should describe subjects' important relationships, not just list their "survivors".

Person or office?

It is necessary for a reference work to distinguish carefully between an office (such as President of the United States) and an incumbent (such as Donald Trump); a newspaper does not usually need to make this distinction, for a newspaper "President Trump" and "the President" are one and the same during his tenure.

• President Trump nominates new justices of the US Supreme Court – No, whoever is president at the time does.
• President George W. Bush nominated John Roberts as Chief Justice – Yes, as this will always be true.
• The President nominated John Roberts as Chief Justice in 2005 – Yes, as the year makes this clear.
• 틀:Xtn – This is usually acceptable, as a confusion with Charles I of England, Prince of Wales until 1625, is highly unlikely.
• Former President Nixon met with Mao in 1972 – This is incorrect, as Nixon was not the former president at the time; he was actually in office. Write President Nixon met with Mao in 1972. The construction 틀:Xtn is usually superfluous, unless the context calls for distinctions between different periods of Nixon's career, different holders of the office, or different Nixons.

Neologisms and new compounds

 Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary § Neologisms 문서를 참고하십시오.

Neologisms are expressions coined recently or in isolated circumstances to which they have remained restricted. In most cases, they do not appear in general-interest dictionaries, though they may be used routinely within certain communities or professions. They should generally be avoided because their definitions tend to be unstable and many do not last. Where the use of a neologism is necessary to describe recent developments in a certain field, its meaning must be supported by reliable sources.

Adding common prefixes or suffixes such as pre-, post-, non-, anti-, or -like to existing words to create new compounds can aid brevity, but make sure the resulting terms are not misleading or offensive, and that they do not lend undue weight to a point of view. Adding -ism to a word, for instance, may suggest a tenuous belief system is well established.

Vulgarities, obscenities, and profanities

 이 부분의 본문은 Wikipedia:Offensive material입니다.

Wikipedia is not censored and its encyclopedic mission encompasses the inclusion of material that might offend. Quoted words should appear exactly as in the original source. But language that is vulgar, obscene, or profane should be used only if its omission would make the article less accurate or relevant and there is no suitable alternative. Such words should not be used outside quotations and names except where they are themselves the topic.

See also

• Wikipedia:Article titles
• Avoiding redundant subset terms
• List of English idioms on Wiktionary

External links

• The Elements of Style—Words and Expressions Commonly Misused