사용자:이형주/1센트 동전 (미국)

화폐학 및 규정

 이 부분의 본문은 Efforts to eliminate the penny in the United States입니다.

It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not actually spend them, but rather only receive them in change at stores and proceed to return them to a bank for higher denomination currencies, or cash them in at coin counting kiosks. Most modern vending machines do not accept cents, further diminishing their utility, and the production cost now exceeds the face value of the coin due to increasing metal prices. In 2001 and 2006, for example, United States Representative Jim Kolbe (R) of Arizona introduced bills which would have stopped production of cents (in 2001 the Legal Tender Modernization Act, and in 2006 the Currency Overhaul for an Industrious Nation (COIN) Act).

At the current metal prices, the pre-1982 copper cent contains 2.65 US cents of copper which makes them an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metal as a profit. The US Mint which is a part of the US Department of the Treasury, in anticipation of the business of melting down US cents (pennies) and US five-cent coins ("nickels") for profit, implemented new regulations on December 14, 2006 which criminalize the melting of cents and nickels and place limits on export of the coins. Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 USD and/or imprisoned for a maximum of five years.

금속 성분

Both the US cents before 1982 and all US nickels have a metal content at market worth more than face value of the coins. As of December 16, 2008, the US nickel has $0.06013 in metal content; all circulating US nickels carry a 20.3% premium over face value in metal content metal at market prices. The intrinsic value of pre-1982 US cents, weighing 3.11 grams, are worth $0.02414, 141.4% above face value in metal content at market prices. However, post-1982 US cents, which weigh 2.5 grams, are 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper (coated over the zinc) by weight. These have an intrinsic value of $0.00508 as of June 13, 2008, or 49.2% less than face value.

According to the US Mint, the costs of producing and shipping one-cent (penny) and 5-cent (nickel) coins during fiscal year 2007 were $0.0167 per cent and $0.0953 per nickel. Canada switched to making plated steel coins in 2000, where the face value of some older coins is below the metal content of those coins. In a similar move on February 8, 2008, a bill was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives that would allow for changing the metal components in U.S. coins due to the rising cost of commodities and the declining U.S. Dollar. No such bill has yet been signed into law.

디자인 재고안

The year 2009 marked the start of a one-year, four-coin commemorative program marking the 100th anniversary of Lincoln's being placed on the cent, and the 200th anniversary of his birth. Thus, 2008 was the 49th anniversary and the last year that the Lincoln Memorial was on the U.S cent. This redesign was passed as part of the Presidential $1 Coin Program, which also mandates that in 2009, numismatic cents will be issued for collectors that have the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909. In 2010, the cent's reverse will be redesigned again, with a new, permanent design being released into circulation. The redesign will bear an image that is emblematic of Lincoln's preservation of the United States as a single and united country. Lincoln, however, will remain on the obverse, though a new obverse design is possible. For now, the composition for circulating issues will remain copper-plated zinc.

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  Lincoln's Formative Years in Indiana