사용자:구순돌/연습장/조지 플로이드 사망 사건

위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
Murder of George Floyd
Police officer Derek Chauvin stares into the camera as he kneels on the neck of George Floyd, who is lying on his stomach on the street
Frame from witness video, showing Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd's neck
날짜2020년 5월 25일 (2020-05-25)
시간c. 8:01–9:25 pm CDT (UTC−5)
위치Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
좌표북위 44° 56′ 04″ 서경 93° 15′ 45″ / 북위 44.93433° 서경 93.26244°  / 44.93433; -93.26244
유형Murder by suffocation, police brutality
혐의 여부Kueng, Lane, and Thao:
State charges:
Aiding and abetting second-degree murder, aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter
재판
  • MN v. Chauvin 27-CR-20-12646
  • MN v. Thao 27-CR-20-12949
  • MN v. Lane 27-CR-20-12951
  • MN v. Kueng 27-CR-20-12953
평결Federal charges:
Chauvin:
Pleaded guilty
Lane, Kueng, Thao:
Guilty on all counts
State charges:
Chauvin:
Guilty on all counts
판결Federal convictions:
Derek Chauvin, Thomas Lane, J. Alexander Kueng, Tou Thao:
Deprivation of rights under color of law resulting in death
Kueng, Thao:
Violation of civil rights
State convictions:
Chauvin:
Second-degree murder,
third-degree murder, and
second-degree manslaughter[1][2][3]
선고Federal sentences:
Chauvin, Lane, Kueng, Thao:
Awaiting sentencing
State sentence:
Chauvin:
22+1⁄2 years in prison
소송Civil lawsuit resulting in a $27 million settlement

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, was murdered in the U.S. city of Minneapolis by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white police officer.[4] Floyd had been arrested on suspicion of using a counterfeit $20 bill. Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face-down in a street.[5][6][7] Two other police officers, J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane, assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd. Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd's head prior to Floyd being put in handcuffs.[8] A fourth police officer, Tou Thao, prevented bystanders from intervening.[9]

Prior to being placed on the ground, Floyd had exhibited signs of anxiety, complaining about having claustrophobia, and being unable to breathe.[10] After being restrained, he became more distressed, still complaining of breathing difficulties, of the knee on his neck, and of fear of imminent death.[5] After several minutes, Floyd stopped speaking.[5] For the last few minutes, he lay motionless and Officer Kueng found no pulse when urged to check.[11][12] Despite this, Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders to lift his knee from Floyd's neck.[13]

The following day, after videos made by witnesses and security cameras became public, all four officers were fired.[14] Two autopsies, and one autopsy review, found Floyd's death to be a homicide.[15][16] On March 12, 2021, Minneapolis agreed to pay $27 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit brought by Floyd's family. On April 20, Chauvin was convicted of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter,[3][17] and sentenced to 22.5 years in prison on June 25.[18] All four officers faced federal civil rights charges.[19] In December 2021, Chauvin pled guilty to federal charges of violating Floyd's civil rights by using unreasonable force and ignoring his serious medical distress.[20][21] The other three officers were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights,[22] and are scheduled to be tried on state charges of aiding and abetting second-degree murder on June 13, 2022.[23][24]

Floyd's murder led to worldwide protests against police brutality, police racism, and lack of police accountability.[25][26]

관련자[편집]

조지 플로이드[편집]

<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 George Floyd입니다.

George Perry Floyd Jr. was a black American born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and raised in the Third Ward[27] of Houston, Texas.[28][29][30] In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area.[31] He resided in the nearby suburb of St. Louis Park, and was a frequent customer at the Cup Foods convenience store in Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis.[32]

데릭 쇼빈[편집]

<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Derek Chauvin입니다.

At the time of Floyd's murder, Derek Michael Chauvin, a white American,[33] was a 44-year-old police officer in the Minneapolis Police Department. He had served in the department since 2001.[34][35] Chauvin and Floyd sometimes worked overlapping shifts as security guards for a local nightclub, but the club's former owner was unsure of the extent of their acquaintance.[36][37]

뚜타오[편집]

Tou Thao, a Hmong-American,[38] was aged 34 at the time of Floyd's murder and started as a part-time community service officer in 2008. He graduated from the police academy in 2009. After a two-year layoff, he resumed police work in 2012.[34][39] Six complaints had been filed against Thao, none resulting in disciplinary action. In 2014, a man claimed Thao handcuffed him without cause, threw him to the ground, and punched, kicked, and kneed him; the man's teeth were broken and he was hospitalized.[34][40] The resulting lawsuit was settled for $25,000.[34] Thao kept bystanders away and has been found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.[41]

J. 알렉산더 쿤 (J. Alexander Kueng)과 토마스 레인 (Thomas Lane)[편집]

James Alexander Kueng, then 26, and Thomas Kiernan Lane, then 37,[42][43][44] were licensed as law enforcement officers in August 2019.[43][45] They had trained together.[46] Chauvin was the superior officer responsible for the majority of Kueng's field training.[46] On May 3, 2020, video of an arrest incident in Minneapolis showed Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and another officer roughly detaining a man on the ground as bystanders pleaded for the officers to show mercy. Kueng and Lane were with Chauvin as the day was part of their field training. The man, whom they detained wrongfully, said he had trouble breathing, and the incident was later said to be similar to the arrest of George Floyd on May 25, 2020.[47][48] Kueng and Lane were in their first week as Minneapolis police officers when Floyd was murdered.[49][42] Lane's application to join the police department had portions covering his prior criminal history redacted, including convictions for obstructing legal process and damaging property when he was 18.[50] Kueng and Lane helped Chauvin to hold Floyd down; both were found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.[41]

체포와 살인[편집]

초기 이벤트[편집]

Corner store near site of Floyd's murder with crowd of protesters
5월 30일 플로이드가 살해된 시카고 애비뉴와 E. 38번가의 교차로

On the evening of May 25, 2020, sometime before 8:00 pm, Floyd purchased cigarettes at Cup Foods, a grocery store at the intersection of East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis. A store employee believed Floyd had paid with a counterfeit $20 bill.[51][52] Employees of the store approached Floyd while he was in his vehicle[51][52][53] and demanded that Floyd return the cigarettes; he refused.[52][5] A store employee called the police to report that Floyd had passed "fake bills", was "awfully drunk", and "not in control of himself".[51][52] The store owner later explained: "Most of the times when patrons give us a counterfeit bill they don't even know its fake so when the police are called there is no crime being committed [and we] just want to know where it came from and that's usually what takes place."[54]

The interaction between Floyd and the employees was recorded by the restaurant's security camera.[51][52][55][a]

외부 동영상
Raw police bodycam footage beginning at approximately 8:09 p.m. - 유튜브 (1 hr 5 mins)

At 8:08, Kueng and Lane arrived, briefly entering Cup Foods before crossing the street to Floyd's SUV,[51][52] parked in front of a Dragon Wok Minneapolis restaurant. Lane tapped his flashlight on the window, startling Floyd.[56][57] He asked Floyd to show his hands, and tapped again when he did not obey. Floyd apologized as he opened the car door. Lane instructed him three more times to show his hands. Seconds after the door opened, he drew his gun and ordered Floyd to show his hands.[56] When Floyd complied, Lane holstered his weapon.[5][58] Someone parked behind Floyd's SUV began recording a video at 8:10.[51][52] They briefly struggled,[51] and Lane pulled Floyd from the SUV and handcuffed him.[52] Two other people who were riding in the car with Floyd, including 45-year-old Shawanda Hill, were interrogated. At 8:12, Kueng sat Floyd on the sidewalk against the wall in front of the restaurant.[51][52]

Lane asked Floyd if he was "on something right now", and Floyd replied "No, nothing". Kueng told Floyd he was acting "real erratic" and Floyd said that he was scared. Kueng asked Floyd about foam around his mouth, to which Floyd responded that he had been "hooping"[b] earlier.[60][65][63] Floyd then said he was calming down, and remarked, "I'm feeling better now."[66]

At 8:13,[51] Kueng and Lane told Floyd he was under arrest and walked him to their police car across the street.[7] The officers then leaned him against the car's door.[51][52] Floyd told the officers that he was not resisting, but that he was recovering from COVID-19, that he was claustrophobic and had anxiety, and that he did not want to sit in the car.[6][7][52][10] While Kueng and Lane attempted to put him in the car, Floyd begged them not to, repeatedly saying "I can't breathe" and offering to lie on the ground instead.[7][10][67] A Minneapolis Park Police officer arrived and guarded Floyd's vehicle (across the street by the restaurant) and the two people who had been in it with Floyd.[51][68]

At 8:17, Chauvin and Thao arrived in a third police car joining Kueng and Lane[51][52] with Chauvin assuming command.[6] He asked if Floyd was going to jail, and Kueng replied that he was arrested for forgery.[60] Floyd said "I can't fucking breathe" twice.[65] Around 8:18, security footage from Cup Foods shows Kueng struggling with Floyd for at least a minute in the driver side backseat while Thao watches.[51][52] According to The New York Times, at 8:19, Chauvin pulled Floyd across the backseat from the driver side to the passenger side.[52] Then, according to NPR, Floyd exited the vehicle while being pulled out by police[10] and falling to the pavement.[5]

Chauvin kneels on Floyd's neck[편집]

외부 동영상
Witness video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck - 유튜브 (10 min 8 s)

While Floyd lay on his chest with his cheek to the ground, Chauvin knelt on his neck.[10] Floyd stopped moving around 8:20, though he was still conscious.[51] Multiple witnesses began to film the encounter, and their videos were circulated widely on the internet.[5][52] At 8:20, a witness across the street began recording video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck, Kueng applying pressure to Floyd's torso, and Lane applying pressure to Floyd's legs, while Thao stood nearby.[51][52][5] This witness stopped filming when one of the officers ordered him to leave.[52] Also at 8:20, a second person, standing near the entrance of Cup Foods, began recording the incident.[51][52][28] Floyd can be heard repeatedly saying "I can't breathe", "Please", and "Mama";[5][51][52] Lane then asked for an ambulance for Floyd, "for one bleeding from the mouth".[65] Floyd repeated at least 16 times that he could not breathe.[52] At one point a witness said: "You got him down. Let him breathe."[69] After Floyd said, "I'm about to die", Chauvin told him to "relax".[70] An officer asked Floyd, "What do you want?"; Floyd answered, "Please, the knee in my neck, I can't breathe."[70]

At approximately 8:22, the officers called for an ambulance on a non-emergency basis, escalating the call to emergency status a minute later.[51][52] Chauvin continued to kneel on Floyd's neck.[52] A passerby yelled to Floyd, "Well, get up, get in the car, man", and Floyd, still handcuffed and face down on the pavement, responded, "I can't", while Chauvin's knee remained on his neck.[52] Floyd said, "My stomach hurts, my neck hurts, everything hurts", requested water,[71] and begged, "Don't kill me."[72] One witness pointed out that Floyd was bleeding from the nose.[73] Another told the officers that Floyd was "not even resisting arrest right now".[28] Thao countered that Floyd was "talking, he's fine"; a witness replied that Floyd "ain't fine ... Get him off the ground ... You could have put him in the car by now. He's not resisting arrest or nothing. You're enjoying it. Look at you. Your body language explains it."[73][74] As Floyd continued to cry for help, Thao said to witnesses: "This is why you don't do drugs, kids."[75]

By 8:25, Floyd appeared unconscious, and bystanders confronted the officers about Floyd's condition. Chauvin pulled out mace to keep bystanders away as Thao moved between them and Chauvin.[76][77] Bystanders repeatedly yelled that Floyd was "not responsive right now" and urged the officers to check his pulse.[51][52][5] Kueng checked Floyd's wrist but found no pulse;[5] the officers did not attempt to provide Floyd with medical assistance while he was on the ground.[52] According to the criminal complaint against Chauvin, Lane asked Chauvin twice if they should move Floyd onto his side,[78] and Chauvin said no.[52]

Medical response and death[편집]

At 8:27, a Hennepin County ambulance arrived.[51][52] Shortly thereafter, a young relative of the owner of Cup Foods attempted to intervene, but was pushed back by Thao.[51] Emergency medical technicians checked Floyd's pulse.[52] Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck for almost a minute after the ambulance arrived, despite Floyd being silent and motionless.[52]

Around 8:29, Floyd was lifted by paramedics onto a stretcher,[79] then loaded into an ambulance.[52][5] Lane boarded the ambulance and checked Floyd's pulse at his neck, and a medic instructed him to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[80] A medical device was placed on Floyd's chest to provide mechanical chest compressions,[80] and the ambulance departed for Hennepin County Medical Center.[51][52][5]

En route, the ambulance requested assistance from the Minneapolis Fire Department.[51][52][5] At 8:32, firefighters arrived at Cup Foods;[51][52] according to their report, the police officers gave no clear information regarding Floyd's condition or whereabouts, which delayed their ability to find the ambulance.[52][81] Meanwhile, the ambulance reported that Floyd was entering cardiac arrest and again requested assistance, asking firefighters to meet them at the corner of 36th Street and Park Avenue. Five minutes later, the fire department reached the ambulance;[52] two fire department medics who boarded the ambulance found Floyd unresponsive and pulseless.[51]

Floyd was pronounced dead at 9:25 at the Hennepin County Medical Center emergency room.[51][52][5][82]

Investigations and criminal charges[편집]

Minneapolis police response[편집]

Early on May 26, the Minneapolis Police Department issued a statement which said nothing about Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck:[83][84][85] "After Floyd got out of his car, he physically resisted officers. Officers were able to get the suspect into handcuffs and noted he appeared to be suffering medical distress."[86] Hours later, witness and security camera video circulating on the Internet showed Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck.[87] The department updated its statement[88] by stating that new information had "been made available" and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was joining the investigation.[86] The four officers were briefly placed on paid administrative leave[14] before being fired later that day.[89]

Autopsies[편집]

Two sets of autopsy results publicized on June 1, 2020, determined that Floyd's death was a homicide.[90][91] The conclusions, one by a local government official and one by doctors working for Floyd's family, differed over whether there were contributing factors, and whether the agreed cause, restraint and neck compression, was combined with subdual or asphyxiation.[91]

Andrew Baker, a pathologist and the chief medical examiner for Hennepin County since 2004, performed an autopsy examination at 9:25 a.m. on May 26.[92][93] Prosecutors filing charges against Chauvin summarized portions of preliminary findings in court documents that were released publicly on May 29.[94] His final autopsy findings,[95][92] issued June 1,[96] found that Floyd's heart stopped while he was being restrained and that his death was a homicide caused by "cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression".[97]

Fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use may have increased the likelihood of death.[98][99] Other significant conditions were arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease, including an enlarged heart, one artery 90% blocked, and two others 75% narrowed.[100][95][101] The report states that on April 3 Floyd had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, but does not list it as a fatal or other significant condition.[102][103]

Attorneys for Floyd's family announced on May 29 that they would commission a second autopsy.[104] It was carried out on May 31 by Michael Baden, a pathologist and former New York City chief medical examiner, and by Allecia Wilson, a pathologist and director of autopsy and forensic services at the University of Michigan Medical School.[105][106] They announced their results on June 1, a few hours before Baker's final findings were issued.[107] From the evidence available to them, which did not include a toxicology report or unspecified bodily samples, they found that Floyd's death was a homicide caused by asphyxia due to neck and back compression.[108][105][100] Also, Floyd had no underlying medical problem that contributed to his death.[109] They said that neck compression affected blood flow to the brain,[100] that ability to speak does not imply ability to breathe,[109] and that Floyd apparently died at the scene.[107]

It was revealed in August 2020 that the United States Department of Justice had the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner review the state's official autopsy results, with the review agreeing with the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's findings, including that the death was a homicide. The Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner added that the police "subdual and restraint had elements of positional and mechanical asphyxiation".[16][110][111][112]

Federal investigation[편집]

On May 26, the FBI announced it was reviewing the incident at the request of the Minneapolis Police Department.[113][114] On May 28, the United States Department of Justice released a joint statement with the FBI, saying that their investigation into Floyd's murder was "a top priority" and outlining the investigation's next steps: a "comprehensive investigation will compile all available information and thoroughly evaluate evidence and information obtained from witnesses ... If it is determined that there has been a violation of federal law, criminal charges will be sought".[45][115][116]

Failed plea bargain[편집]

On May 28, state and federal prosecutors held a press conference at a regional FBI office in Brooklyn Center, a Minneapolis suburb, in what was anticipated to be a major development to the case against the officers who were at the scene of Floyd's murder.[117] Hennepin County Attorney Michael O. Freeman, the local official with jurisdiction to bring forth criminal charges for police misconduct, said his office needed more time to investigate.[118] In explaining the anticipation of the media briefing and its two-hour delayed start, U.S. Attorney Erica MacDonald said, "I thought we would have another development to talk to you about, but we don't." On June 9, it was revealed that state and federal prosecutors had discussed a plea deal with Chauvin that would have included state murder charges and federal civil rights charges,[117] but the deal fell apart when United States Attorney General William Barr rejected it.[119] Chauvin believed his prospects of winning at trial could be poor, and was willing to plead guilty to third-degree murder for a ten-year prison sentence. As he would have gone to federal prison, the federal government was involved. Barr worried that protestors might view the agreement as too lenient and prefer a full investigation.[119]

State criminal charges[편집]

On May 29, Chauvin was charged with third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter, and was held at Oak Park Heights state prison. According to the criminal complaint, police are trained that the neck restraint that he applied "with a subject in prone position is inherently dangerous".[120] He was the first officer in Minnesota to be charged in the death of a black civilian.[121][122] On June 3, the charge against Chauvin was upgraded to second-degree murder, and the three other officers were charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder as well as aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter.[123][c] The officers were held in jail after the state criminal charges were filed. Ahead of the trials, the four officers were released on bail. Lane was released first on June 10,[125][126] Kueng on June 19,[127] and Thao July 4.[128] Chauvin was released on October 7 after posting a $1 million bond.[129]

State civil rights action[편집]

The Minnesota Department of Human Rights opened an investigation into the practices of the Minneapolis Police Department on June 2.[130][131] On June 5, the Minneapolis City Council authorized the mayor to enter a restraining order with the State of Minnesota banning chokeholds and neck restraints, requiring police officers to intervene against other officers' use of excessive force, and requiring authorization from the police chief or other designate before using crowd-control weapons such as chemical agents and rubber bullets.[132][133] On June 8, a Hennepin County Court judge ordered the Minneapolis Police Department to cooperate with a civil rights investigation, and extended the restrictions on the department to require that the chief make discipline decisions in a timely and transparent manner, and that civilian analysts and investigators in the city's Office of Police Conduct Review be given authority to audit body-worn camera footage and to file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department.[134][135][136]

In April 2022, the results of the state investigation into the Minneapolis Police were announced and it was found that the city and the police department engaged in a "pattern or practice of race discrimination" and that the organizational culture of the department had "flawed training and emphasized a paramilitary approach" with a lack of accountability.[137][138]

Federal civil rights charges[편집]

In February 2021, the United States Department of Justice empaneled a grand jury in Minneapolis as part of a federal investigation into Chauvin.[139] On May 7, 2021, all four officers were indicted on federal charges of civil rights violations.[140] Chauvin was indicted for violating George Floyd's civil rights, along with a teenager who survived a similar restraint in 2017.[141] The other three officers also face charges for violating Floyd's civil rights. Thao, Lane, and Kueng appeared at a hearing virtually, and each posted $25,000 bond. Chauvin did not appear at this hearing, and remained in jail while awaiting sentencing for his state charges.[141]

Civil litigation and settlement[편집]

The family of George Floyd filed a wrongful death lawsuit in federal court in July 2020 against the City of Minneapolis and the four former police officers involved in the murder. The complaint said Floyd's Fourth Amendment rights were violated by "excessive use of unjustified, excessive, illegal, and deadly force." The lawsuit did not specify the amount of monetary damages the family sought.[142]

On March 12, 2021, the City of Minneapolis announced a settlement with Floyd's family for $27 million. It was approved unanimously by the City Council. Family lawyer Ben Crump described it as the "largest pre-trial settlement in a civil rights wrongful death case in U.S. history." The settlement surpassed the previous record for Minneapolis of $20 million, paid in 2019 in the killing of Justine Damond. The city allocated $500,000 "for the benefit of the community around 38th and Chicago", the street intersection where Floyd was murdered.[143]

Trials[편집]

Criminal trial of Chauvin[편집]

<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 Trial of Derek Chauvin입니다.
외부 동영상
Pioneer Press Live Stream of Derek Chauvin trial - 유튜브 (1 hr 44 min 58 s)

Chauvin's trial commenced in Minneapolis on March 8, 2021, in Hennepin County District Court.[144] Opening statements occurred on March 29, 2021, and closing arguments on April 19, 2021.

On April 20, 2021, the jury found Chauvin guilty of all charges, including second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter.[145][146] He was the first white Minnesota police officer to be convicted of murdering a black person. It was only the second time an officer has been convicted of murder in Minnesota, the first being the third-degree murder conviction of Somali-American officer Mohamed Noor in the shooting of Justine Damond, a white woman.[147] Following Chauvin's conviction, Judge Cahill revoked his bail and Chauvin was taken back into police custody due to flight risks and the dangers of publicity that this case has brought.[148][149]

Chauvin was given a sentence of 22.5 years in custody.[145] On May 12, 2021, Judge Cahill allowed for the prosecution to seek a greater prison sentence than the 12.5-year state guideline after finding that Chauvin treated Floyd "with particular cruelty."[150][151] Chauvin filed an appeal on April 27, 2022.[152]

Federal civil rights trial[편집]

Pre-trial proceedings; Chauvin's guilty plea[편집]

The federal civil rights trial was initially scheduled to include all four officers—Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and Thao—and begin in January 2022 with U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson presiding. The four officers were charged federally with abusing their positions as police officers, depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights to be "free from the use of unreasonable force", and failing to give medical aid. All four officers pled not guilty to the charges at a September 14, 2021, arraignment hearing. Chauvin faced an additional federal charge for a 2017 arrest incident of a 14-year old in Minneapolis that he initially pled not guilty to.[19][153][154] In late 2020, prior to the trial, lawyers for Thao, Lane, and Kueng had sought to sever their case from Chauvin's. In a hearing on November 29, 2021, Magnuson ruled that all four officers would stand trial together.[153]

Chauvin requested a hearing in December 2021 to offer a revised plea to the federal charges, a legal move that did not apply to the other three officers.[155] He pled guilty on December 15, 2021, to the federal charges of violating the rights of Floyd and for the charge related to the 2017 incident.[20] Chauvin admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right to be free from unreasonable seizure, including the right to be free from unreasonable force by a police officer.[20] Chauvin also admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right not to be deprived of liberty without due process of law, including the right to be free from a police officer's deliberate indifference to Floyd's serious medical needs.[21] As of January 24, 2022, federal sentencing for Chauvin had not been determined.[156]

Trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao[편집]

The federal civil rights trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was held at at a courtroom in the Warren E. Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota.[153][157] Jury selection began on January 20, 2022,[158] and opening statements were given by both sides on January 24.[159][160] The 12-person jury seated for the trial was drawn from across Minnesota. The racial makeup of the jury was described by The New York Times as appearing to be all-white, a contrast to the more racially diverse jury during Chauvin's criminal trial.[161]

The prosecution's first witness, Katie Blackwell, testified for three days about the department's training and policies regarding use of force.[162] During her testimony, Blackwell stated that the officers should have moved Floyd onto his side to prevent him having a cardiac arrest. Andrew Baker, who performed Floyd's autopsy, also took the stand to repeat his testimony from Chauvin's trial.[163]

The court postponed trial proceedings until February 7, after Lane tested positive for COVID-19.[164][165] On February 7, Officer Nicole Mackenzie testified that Kueng and Lane were in a medical training course that she instructed, and that her course included lessons in first aid.[166] Dr. David Systrom, a pulmonologist, testified that Floyd's chances of survival could have "doubled or tripled" if the officers performed CPR on him.[167]

On February 14, use-of-force expert Tim Longo testified that Chauvin was acting outside of department protocol and the other officers should have intervened to save Floyd,[168] although Lane's defense questioned this view.[169] Testimony was also heard from Darnella Frazier, who filmed the initial arrest and Floyd's subsequent murder. The prosecution rested with this testimony.[169]

On February 15, Tou Thao took the stand to testify in his own defense.[170] Thao claimed that he was not aware that Floyd was suffering medical problems until he was taken into the ambulance, and that the technique of kneeling on a detainee's neck was "not uncommon", although he denied having ever done so.[171] He admitted that neither Chauvin nor any other officers had administered CPR to Floyd, but claimed he took this to indicate Floyd was breathing.[172] Thao also stated that his main role at the scene was "crowd control" rather than to assess Floyd's condition.[173][172]

On February 22, closing arguments were heard. Prosecutor Manda Sertich stated that Kueng, Lane, and Thao "chose to do nothing" while Floyd was dying. Defense attorneys stated that the former officers were inexperienced, improperly trained, and that they did not willfully violate Floyd's civil rights.[174]

After deliberating for 13 hours over two days, the jury on February 24 found the former officers guilty on all counts they faced at trial. All three officers were convicted of willfully violating Floyd's constitutional rights by not providing medical care when he lost a pulse. Kueng and Thao were also found guilty of failing to intervene to stop Chauvin from using unreasonable force. After finding them guilty, the jury concluded that the cause of Floyd's death was Chauvin's restraint, which permitted the judge to consider a lengthier sentence than the recommended three to four years in prison.[175][176] The three officers remained free on bond while they awaited a sentencing hearing.[161][177]

Criminal trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao[편집]

The state criminal trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was delayed several times to allow the federal civil rights case to proceed first.[178] The criminal trial is scheduled to begin on June 13, 2022.[23]

Reaction[편집]

Protests[편집]

Protester holding up a sign reading # I can't breathe George Floyd '93
A protest march in Minneapolis, May 26, 2020
<nowiki /> 이 부분의 본문은 George Floyd protests 및 George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul입니다.

Floyd's murder resulted in a global protest movement against historic racism and police brutality. In the United States, protests of racial injustice in mid 2020 were the largest since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, and gave way to widespread civil unrest.[179] Protests began locally on May 26 in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area before quickly, within a few days, spreading nationwide and in over 60 countries internationally supporting Black Lives Matter. Over 2,000 cities in the United States had seen demonstrations as of June 13.[180][181] While the majority of protests were peaceful,[182] demonstrations in some cities descended into riots and looting,[183][184] with more being marked by street skirmishes and significant police brutality, notably against peaceful protesters and reporters.[185][186] At least 200 cities in the U.S. had imposed curfews by June 3, while more than 30 states and Washington, D.C, activated over 62,000 National Guard personnel due to the mass unrest.[187][188][189]

The protests were initially peaceful, but later there was vandalism of stores. At the 3rd Precinct police station in Minneapolis, windows were broken, a fence was pulled down, and the front entrance was broken into, causing police officers to fire less than lethal rounds at the crowd from the building's roof. After staff evacuated the building, it was set on fire.[190][191][192][193] A six-story, 200-unit apartment building under construction was also burned.[190] Police in riot gear used tear gas, flash grenades, rubber bullets and smoke bombs, and some protesters threw rocks at the police.[194][195] The media highlighted the apparent differences in aggression between the police response to these protests versus the more restrained response to the 2020 United States anti-lockdown protests featuring gun-wielding white protesters.[195][196] This sentiment also spread on social media by groups such as Black Lives Matter.[197]틀:Primary source inline[198]

While peaceful protests continued, others again became violent after sundown, with the pattern repeating for several days.[199][44] More than 1,500 businesses were vandalized or destroyed in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area,[200] including 67 destroyed by fire.[201]

Following the rioting, a nighttime curfew in Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Dakota County was established on May 29. 500 Minnesota National Guard soldiers were later dispatched to the area to enforce the curfew,[202] but to little effect, with about 1,000 protesters being able to march peacefully on Interstate 35 well into curfew.<ref name="cnn_20200529_us">{{Cite web|last1=Almasy|first1=Steve|last2=Andone|first2=Dakin|last3=Karimi|first3=Faith|last4=Sidner|first4=Sara|date=May 30, 2020|title=Unrest mounts across multiple US cities over th

  1. ↑ McCaskill, Nolan D.; Forgey, Quint. “Derek Chauvin convicted of murdering George Floyd”. 《Politico》. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ Xiong, Chao; Walsh, Paul; Olson, Rochelle. “Derek Chauvin convicted of murder, manslaughter in death of George Floyd”. 《Minneapolis Star Tribune》. 2021년 4월 21일에 확인함. 
  3. ↑ 가 나 Forliti, Amy. “What were charges against Chauvin in Floyd death?”. 《ABC News》. 2021년 4월 21일에 확인함. 
  4. ↑ McGreal, Chris (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin found guilty of George Floyd's murder”. 《The Guardian》. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  5. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하 거 “George Floyd: What happened in the final moments of his life”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 5월 30일. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  6. ↑ 가 나 다 Barker, Kim; Eligon, John; Jr, Richard A. Oppel; Furber, Matt (2020년 6월 4일). “Officers Charged in George Floyd's Death Not Likely to Present United Front”. 《The New York Times》. ISSN 0362-4331. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  7. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Haworth, Jon; Torres, Ella; Pereira, Ivan (2020년 6월 3일). “Floyd died of cardiopulmonary arrest, tested positive for COVID-19, autopsy shows”. 《ABC News》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 6일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ “New police footage shows first complete view of George Floyd's death”. 《YouTube》. 
  9. ↑ Chappell, Bill (2020년 6월 3일). “Chauvin And 3 Former Officers Face New Charges Over George Floyd's Death”. NPR. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  10. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 Collins, Jon (2020년 7월 15일). “Police Bodycam Video Shows George Floyd's Distress During Fatal Arrest”. 《NPR》 (영어). 2020년 7월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 25일에 확인함. 
  11. ↑ Thorbecke, Catherine (2020년 5월 29일). “Derek Chauvin had his knee on George Floyd's neck for nearly 9 minutes, complaint says”. 《ABC News》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  12. ↑ Higgins, Tucker; Mangan, Dan (2020년 6월 3일). “3 more cops charged in George Floyd death, other officer's murder charge upgraded”. CNBC. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  13. ↑ Spocchia, Gino (2020년 6월 15일). “George Floyd: New footage shows officer ignoring onlooker's calls not to let him die”. 《The Independent》. 2021년 10월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 11월 4일에 확인함. 
  14. ↑ 가 나 Kaul, Greta (2020년 6월 1일). “Seven days in Minneapolis: a timeline of what we know about the death of George Floyd and its aftermath”. 《MinnPost》. 2020년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  15. ↑ “Hennepin County Medical Examiner declares George Floyd death homicide”. 《FOX 9》. 2020년 6월 1일. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. The updated report states that on May 25, George Floyd experienced a cardiopulmonary arrest while being restrained by law enforcement officer(s). 
  16. ↑ 가 나 “Court filings: Medical examiner thought George Floyd had 'fatal level' of fentanyl in system”. 《FOX 9》. 2020년 8월 25일. 2021년 5월 24일에 확인함. 
  17. ↑ Arango, Tim; Dewan, Shaila; Eligon, John; Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin is found guilty of murdering George Floyd.”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  18. ↑ “Ex-police officer Derek Chauvin sentenced to over 22 years in jail for George Floyd murder”. 《The Straits Times (Singapore)》. 2021년 6월 26일. 2021년 6월 26일에 확인함. 
  19. ↑ 가 나 Mannix, Andy (2021년 11월 29일). “Former Minneapolis officers should be tried together in federal case, says magistrate judge”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 11월 29일에 확인함. 
  20. ↑ 가 나 다 Forliti, Amy (2021년 12월 15일). “Chauvin pleads guilty to federal charges in Floyd's death”. 《AP News》. 2021년 12월 15일에 확인함. 
  21. ↑ 가 나 Hutchinson, Bill (2021년 12월 16일). “Derek Chauvin pleads guilty to federal charges of violating George Floyd's civil rights”. 《ABC News》. 2021년 12월 16일에 확인함. 
  22. ↑ Silva, Daniella (2022년 2월 24일). “3 officers found guilty on federal charges in George Floyd’s killing”. 《NBC News》. 
  23. ↑ 가 나 “State Trial Moved To June For 3 Fmr. MPD Officers Charged In George Floyd's Death”. 《WCCO-TV》. 2022년 1월 19일. 2022년 1월 19일에 확인함. 
  24. ↑ Madani, Doha (2020년 6월 3일). “3 more Minneapolis officers charged in George Floyd death, Derek Chauvin charges elevated”. NBC News. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  25. ↑ “Protests across the globe after George Floyd's death”. CNN. 2020년 6월 6일. 2020년 9월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 9월 14일에 확인함. 
  26. ↑ “George Floyd death: Violence erupts on sixth day of protests”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 6월 1일. 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 13일에 확인함. 
  27. ↑ Richmond, Todd (2020년 5월 28일). “Who was George Floyd? Unemployed due to coronavirus, he'd moved to Minneapolis for a fresh start.”. 《Chicago Tribune》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  28. ↑ 가 나 다 Murphy, Esme (2020년 5월 26일). “'I Can't Breathe!': Video Of Fatal Arrest Shows Minneapolis Officer Kneeling On George Floyd's Neck For Several Minutes”. WCCO-TV. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 26일에 확인함. While lying facedown on the road, Floyd repeatedly groans and says he can't breathe. 
  29. ↑ Gill, Julian (2020년 5월 27일). “In Houston, friends and family mourn 'gentle giant' George Floyd amid calls for murder charges for cops”. 《Houston Chronicle》. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  30. ↑ Deng, Boer (2020년 5월 31일). “An athlete, friend and father – who was George Floyd?”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  31. ↑ Toone, Stephanie (2020년 5월 29일). “Floyd's brother tearfully asked for justice and peace following the 46-year-old bouncer's death Thursday”. 《The Atlanta Journal-Constitution》. Associated Press. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 30일에 확인함. 
  32. ↑ Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas; Healy, Jack (2020년 6월 15일). “Cup Foods, a Minneapolis Corner Store Forever Tied to the Death of George Floyd”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 6월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 17일에 확인함. 
  33. ↑ Condon, Bernard; Richmond, Todd (2020년 6월 7일). “Minneapolis requires cops to stop unreasonable force, but officers in George Floyd's arrest didn't intervene”. 《ABC7news.com》. Associated Press. 2020년 6월 30일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 30일에 확인함. 
  34. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Mannix, Andy (2020년 5월 26일). “What we know about Derek Chauvin and Tou Thao, two of the officers caught on tape in the death of George Floyd”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 5월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  35. ↑ Evelyn, Kenya (2020년 5월 28일). “George Floyd killing: two officers involved previously reviewed for use of force”. 《The Guardian》. ISSN 0261-3077. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  36. ↑ Lastra, Ana; Rasmussen, Eric (2020년 5월 28일). “George Floyd, fired officer overlapped security shifts at south Minneapolis club”. 《ABC 5 Eyewitness News》 (Minneapolis, MN). 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함 – KSTP.com 경유. 
  37. ↑ “The Latest: Attorneys seek outside probe of Floyd's death”. 《Associated Press》. 2020년 5월 29일. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  38. ↑ Yam, Kimmy (2020년 6월 1일). “Officer who stood by as George Floyd died highlights complex Asian American, black relations”. NBC News. 2020년 11월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 12월 1일에 확인함. 
  39. ↑ Condon, Bernard; Richmond, Todd; Sisak, Michael R. (2020년 6월 3일). “What to know about 4 officers charged in George Floyd's death”. 《ABC7 Los Angeles》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  40. ↑ Kim, Catherine (2020년 5월 31일). “What we know about the officers involved in George Floyd's death”. 《Vox.com》. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  41. ↑ 가 나 “Ex-police officers guilty in George Floyd death”. 《BBC》. 
  42. ↑ 가 나 “George Floyd: What we know about the officers charged over his death”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 6월 8일. 2020년 6월 16일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 21일에 확인함. 
  43. ↑ 가 나 Bjorhus, Jennifer (2020년 5월 30일). “Derek Chauvin in custody; other officers lay low”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 31일에 확인함. 
  44. ↑ 가 나 Bailey, Holly; Shammas, Brittany; Bellware, Kim (2020년 5월 28일). “Chaotic scene in Minneapolis after second night of protests over death of George Floyd”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  45. ↑ 가 나 Ailworth, Erin; Gurman, Sadie; Kesling, Ben (2020년 5월 29일). “Minneapolis Police Station Set on Fire as George Floyd Protests Intensify”. 《The Wall Street Journal》. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 15일에 확인함. 
  46. ↑ 가 나 Xiong, Chao (2020년 9월 13일). “Former officer's failure to stop the deadly restraint of George Floyd leaves friends perplexed”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 2월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 7일에 확인함. 
  47. ↑ Mannix, Andy (2021년 2월 2일). “Video: Weeks before pinning George Floyd, three of the same officers roughly detained the wrong man”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 2월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 2월 12일에 확인함. 
  48. ↑ Vancleave, Mark (2021년 2월 2일). “Video: Officers involved in George Floyd's death used similar methods before”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 2월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 2월 12일에 확인함. 
  49. ↑ Madani, Doha (2020년 6월 4일). “Ex-Minneapolis cop told other officers 'you shouldn't do this' during George Floyd's arrest, lawyer says”. NBC News. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 5일에 확인함. 
  50. ↑ Orecchio-Egresitz, Haven (2020년 6월 5일). “One of the officers charged in George Floyd's killing was hired despite having a criminal record and slew of traffic violations”. 《Insider Inc.》. 
  51. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하 거 너 더 러 머 버 서 어 저 처 커 터 퍼 허 Bennett, Dalton; Lee, Joyce; Cahlan, Sarah (2020년 5월 30일). “The death of George Floyd: What video and other records show about his final minutes”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 12월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함.  (video @ YouTube 보관됨 6월 2, 2020 - 웨이백 머신)
  52. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하 거 너 더 러 머 버 서 어 저 처 커 터 퍼 허 고 노 도 로 모 보 소 오 조 Hill, Evan; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Triebert, Christiaan; Jordan, Drew; Willis, Haley; Stein, Robin (2020년 5월 31일). “8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함.  (video @ YouTube 보관됨 6월 1, 2020 - 웨이백 머신)
  53. ↑ Alexander, Harriet (2020년 6월 3일). “What happened on the night of George Floyd's arrest and death?”. 《The Telegraph》. ISSN 0307-1235. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  54. ↑ Chapman, Reg (2020년 5월 28일). “Owner Of Cup Foods, Where Police First Encountered George Floyd, Calls For Justice”. 《WCCO CBS Minnesota》. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  55. ↑ 《New Security Video Shows Events Leading Up To George Floyd's Arrest》. 《NBC News》. 2020년 6월 1일. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  56. ↑ 가 나 Willis, Haley; Hill, Evan; Stein, Robin; Triebert, Christiaan; Laffin, Ben; Jordan, Drew (2020년 8월 11일). “New Footage Shows Delayed Medical Response to George Floyd”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 8월 15일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 8월 14일에 확인함. 
  57. ↑ “GRAPHIC: Court releases body cam footage from George Floyd arrest”. 《NBC29.com》 (미국 영어). CNN. 2020년 8월 11일. 2020년 10월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 8월 14일에 확인함. 
  58. ↑ “The last 30 minutes of George Floyd's life”. 《BBC News》 (영국 영어). 2020년 7월 16일. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 24일에 확인함. 
  59. ↑ Bailey, Holly (2020년 7월 15일). “New police video reveals George Floyd's desperate pleas before his death”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 12월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 17일에 확인함. 
  60. ↑ 가 나 다 Olson, Rochelle (2020년 7월 9일). “Body camera transcripts: George Floyd repeatedly begged police not to kill him”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 8월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 30일에 확인함. 
  61. ↑ Forliti, Amy (2020년 7월 9일). “Officer to Floyd: 'It takes ... a lot of oxygen to talk'”. 《Associated Press》. 2020년 11월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 20일에 확인함. 
  62. ↑ Read, Richard (2020년 8월 20일). “Attorney for Minneapolis police officer says he'll argue George Floyd died of an overdose and a heart condition”. 《Los Angeles Times》. 2021년 3월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 17일에 확인함. 
  63. ↑ 가 나 Glancy, Josh (2020년 8월 9일). “George Floyd: murder conviction is far from certain, warn legal experts”. 《The Sunday Times》 (영어). ISSN 0140-0460. 2020년 8월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 8월 19일에 확인함 – The Times online 경유. 
  64. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (2021년 3월 17일). “George Floyd death: If Derek Chauvin is acquitted, the three other cases could collapse”. 《USA Today》. 2021년 3월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 20일에 확인함. 
  65. ↑ 가 나 다 “Read the transcript of J. Alexander Kueng's body camera footage during George Floyd call”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 7월 16일. 2020년 7월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 30일에 확인함. 
  66. ↑ Uren, Adam (2020년 7월 8일). “Bodycam transcript reveals what was said between ex-officers, George Floyd”. 《BRING ME THE NEWS》. 2021년 2월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 8일에 확인함. 
  67. ↑ Collins, Jon (2020년 7월 15일). “George Floyd killing: Police bodycam video details fatal arrest”. 《MPR News》. 2020년 8월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 30일에 확인함. 
  68. ↑ 《George Floyd: Minneapolis police release bodycam footage near in-custody death》. 《ABC 7》. 2020년 5월 28일. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  69. ↑ Nawaz, Amna (2020년 5월 26일). “What we know about George Floyd's death in Minneapolis police custody”. 《PBS Newshour》. 2020년 5월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  70. ↑ 가 나 Weill, Kelly; Gustavo, Solomon (2020년 5월 27일). “'I Can't Breathe': Minneapolis Erupts in Protest After Black Man Dies in Police Custody”. 《The Daily Beast》. 2020년 5월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  71. ↑ Ockerman, Emma (2020년 5월 27일). “A Cop Kneeled on a Black Man's Neck Until He Said He Couldn't Breathe. He Died at the Hospital.”. 《Vice》. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  72. ↑ “Four Minnesota police officers fired after death of unarmed black man”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 5월 27일. 2020년 5월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  73. ↑ 가 나 Dakss, Brian (2020년 5월 26일). “Video shows Minneapolis cop with knee on neck of motionless, moaning man who later died”. 《CBS News》. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 26일에 확인함. 
  74. ↑ Culver, Jordan (2020년 5월 27일). “What we know about the death of George Floyd: 4 Minneapolis police officers fired after 'horrifying' video hits social media”. 《USA Today》. 2020년 5월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 27일에 확인함. 
  75. ↑ Booker, Brakkton (2020년 8월 14일). “Body Camera Video Of George Floyd And Police Offers New Details Of Deadly Encounter”. 《NPR》 (영어). 2020년 12월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 12월 18일에 확인함. 
  76. ↑ Davis, Zuri (2020년 5월 26일). “Minnesota Man Dies After Video Shows Cop Pressing Knee to His Neck for Nearly 8 Minutes”. 《Reason》. 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 6일에 확인함. 
  77. ↑ Smith, Rohan (2020년 6월 2일). “Two of four officers involved in George Floyd's death have fled Minneapolis in fear for their safety”. 《news.com.au》. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 6일에 확인함. 
  78. ↑ “Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin” (PDF). 《Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District》. 2020년 5월 29일. 2020년 5월 30일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. File No. 27-CR-20-12646 
  79. ↑ “Before his deadly encounter with police, George Floyd had begun a new life in Minnesota”. 《Los Angeles Times》. Associated Press. 2020년 5월 28일. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 10일에 확인함. The video ends with paramedics lifting a limp Floyd onto a stretcher and placing him in an ambulance. 
  80. ↑ 가 나 Xiong, Chao; Sawyer, Liz (2020년 7월 16일). “Bodycam video shows officer pulled gun on George Floyd early on”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 3월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 17일에 확인함. 
  81. ↑ Incident report, # 20-0018197 (PDF). 《Minneapolis Fire Department》 (보고서). 2020년 5월 25일. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  82. ↑ Sawyer, Liz (2020년 5월 28일). “George Floyd Showed No Signs of Life from Time EMS Arrived, Fire Department Report Says”. 《Minneapolis Star-Tribune》. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  83. ↑ Mannix, Andy (2020년 6월 3일). “Minneapolis police cite 'fluid' situation for troubling misinformation released after George Floyd death”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  84. ↑ Burch, Audra D. S.; Eligon, John (2020년 5월 29일). “Bystander Videos of George Floyd and Others Are Policing the Police”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  85. ↑ Hutchens, Gareth (2020년 6월 7일). “Black Lives Matter protesters have unwittingly recorded the single largest outbreak of police brutality in US history”. 《ABC Online》. 2020년 6월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  86. ↑ 가 나 Hauser, Christine; Taylor, Derrick Bryson; Vigdor, Neil (2020년 5월 26일). “'I Can't Breathe': 4 Minneapolis Officers Fired After Black Man Dies in Custody”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  87. ↑ *Horton, Alex (2020년 6월 6일). “Videos reveal violence that was contradicted by police accounts”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 9월 21일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 8월 24일에 확인함. 
  88. ↑ Elder, John (2020년 5월 26일). “Investigative Update on Critical Incident”. 《Minneapolis Police》. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 8월 25일에 확인함. 
  89. ↑ Shammas, Brittany (2020년 5월 26일). “Four Minneapolis officers are fired after video shows one kneeling on neck of black man who later died”. 《The Washington Post》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  90. ↑ Woodward, Samantha (2021년 3월 8일). “A timeline of events leading up to the State v. Chauvin trial”. 《The Minnesota Daily》. 2021년 3월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 8일에 확인함. 
  91. ↑ 가 나 Taylor, Derrick Bryson (2021년 1월 6일). “George Floyd Protests: A Timeline”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2020년 6월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 8일에 확인함. 
  92. ↑ 가 나 “Autopsy Report, George Floyd, Deceased” (PDF). Hennepin County Medical Examiner. 2020년 6월 1일. ME No.: 20–3700. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 
  93. ↑ Chanen, David (2020년 6월 11일). “Hennepin County Board reappoints Dr. Andrew Baker as chief medical examiner”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 7월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 9일에 확인함. 
  94. ↑ Stanley, Greg (2020년 6월 19일). “George Floyd's autopsy puts Hennepin County Medical Examiner Andrew Baker in the hot seat”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 2월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함. 
  95. ↑ 가 나 “Press Release Report: Floyd George Perry” (PDF) (보도 자료). Hennepin County Medical Examiner. 2020년 6월 1일. Case No: 2020–3700. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 
  96. ↑ Brooks, Brad (2020년 6월 2일). “State, independent autopsies agree on homicide in George Floyd case, but clash on underlying cause”. 《Reuters》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. 
  97. ↑ “George Floyd death homicide, official post-mortem declares”. 《BBC News》. 2020년 6월 2일. 2020년 6월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. 
  98. ↑ Furber, Matt; Arango, Tim; Eligon, John (2020년 9월 11일). “Police Veteran Charged in George Floyd Killing Had Used Neck Restraints Before”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2021년 3월 4일에 확인함. 
  99. ↑ Keefe, Brendan (2021년 3월 31일). “Evidence details fentanyl levels in Floyd's body”. 《Kare 11》. His blood was drawn immediately after death at Hennepin County Medical Center. The official autopsy report shows a concentration of 11 nanograms per milliliter. 
  100. ↑ 가 나 다 Ockerman, Emma (2020년 6월 2일). “Independent Autopsy Says George Floyd's Death Was a 'Homicide' Due to Asphyxiation”. 《Vice》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. 
  101. ↑ Bernstein, Lenny; Bailey, Holly (2021년 3월 10일). “At the heart of Derek Chauvin's trial is this question: What killed George Floyd?”. 《The Washington Post》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0190-8286. 2021년 3월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 17일에 확인함. 
  102. ↑ Neumann, Scott (2020년 6월 4일). “Medical Examiner's Autopsy Reveals George Floyd Had Positive Test For Coronavirus”. 《NPR》. 2020년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 6일에 확인함. 
  103. ↑ “Full George Floyd Autopsy Report Released, Says He Tested Positive For COVID-19”. WCCO. 2020년 6월 3일. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  104. ↑ Carrega, Christina (2020년 5월 29일). “Independent autopsy requested for George Floyd”. 《ABC News》. 2020년 5월 30일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 9일에 확인함. 
  105. ↑ 가 나 Pereira, Ivan (2020년 6월 1일). “Independent autopsy finds George Floyd died of asphyxia”. 《ABC News》. 2020년 6월 1일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  106. ↑ Gors, Michele (2020년 6월 1일). “Family autopsy: Floyd asphyxiated by sustained pressure”. KTTC. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. 
  107. ↑ 가 나 Lorenzo, Reyes; Hughes, Trevor; Emmert, Mark (2020년 6월 1일). “Medical examiner and family-commissioned autopsy agree: George Floyd's death was a homicide”. 《USA Today》. 2021년 3월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 9일에 확인함. 
  108. ↑ Robles, Frances (2020년 6월 2일). “How Did George Floyd Die? Here's What We Know”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  109. ↑ 가 나 Ensor, Josie (2020년 6월 1일). “Independent autopsy reveals George Floyd died from 'asphyxiation' as lawyers call for first-degree murder charges”. 《The Daily Telegraph》. 2020년 6월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 2일에 확인함. 
  110. ↑ Karnowski, Steve (2020년 8월 26일). “Prosecutors depict ex-officer as complicit in Floyd's death”. 《Associated Press》. 2021년 5월 24일에 확인함. 
  111. ↑ Raguse, Lou (2020년 8월 26일). “New court docs say George Floyd had "fatal level" of fentanyl in his system”. 《KARE11》. 2021년 5월 24일에 확인함. 
  112. ↑ Abdollah, Tami (2021년 3월 7일). “'Reckless disregard for human life' or 'tragic accident'? Derek Chauvin goes on trial, charged with murder of George Floyd”. 《USA Today》. 2021년 5월 24일에 확인함. 
  113. ↑ Hauser, Christine (2020년 5월 26일). “F.B.I. to Investigate Arrest of Black Man Who Died After Being Pinned by Officer”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 5월 26일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 26일에 확인함. 
  114. ↑ Evelyn, Kenya (2020년 5월 27일). “FBI investigates death of black man after footage shows officer kneeling on his neck”. 《The Guardian》. ISSN 0261-3077. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  115. ↑ Dwyer, Colin; Romo, Vanessa; Campbell, Barbara; Nuyen, Suzanne (2020년 5월 28일). “Investigation into George Floyd's Death A 'Top Priority' For Justice Department”. NPR. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 28일에 확인함. 
  116. ↑ “Joint Statement Of United States Attorney Erica MacDonald And FBI Special Agent in Charge Rainer Drolshagen”. 《justice.gov》 (보도 자료). 2020년 5월 28일. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 28일에 확인함. 
  117. ↑ 가 나 Lyden, Tom (2020년 6월 9일). “Ex-Minneapolis police officer Chauvin was in talks to plead guilty before arrest”. 《FOX 9》. 2020년 7월 4일에 확인함. 
  118. ↑ Stockman, Farah (2020년 7월 4일). “'They have lost control': How Minneapolis leaders failed to stop their city from burning”. 《The New York Times》. 2020년 7월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 17일에 확인함. 
  119. ↑ 가 나 Arango, Tim (2021년 2월 10일). “The Killing of George Floyd Tore Minneapolis Apart. Now Comes the Trial.”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2021년 2월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 2월 11일에 확인함. 
  120. ↑ “Former MPD Officer Derek Chauvin In Custody, Charged With Murder In George Floyd's Death”. 《CBS Minnesota》. 2020년 5월 29일. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  121. ↑ Kim, Catherine (2020년 5월 31일). “What we know about the officers involved in George Floyd's death”. 《Vox.com》. 2020년 6월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 31일에 확인함. 
  122. ↑ Xiong, Chao; Walsh, Paul (2020년 5월 30일). “Ex-police officer Derek Chauvin charged with murder, manslaughter in George Floyd death”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 6월 1일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 31일에 확인함. 
  123. ↑ “George Floyd Death: All Four Ex-Officers Involved Now Charged, In Custody”. 《CBS Minnesota》. 2020년 6월 3일. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  124. ↑ 가 나 다 Sampsell-Jones, Ted (2020년 6월 4일). “Explaining the New Second Degree Murder Charge Against Derek Chauvin”. 《The Dispatch》. 2020년 6월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 23일에 확인함. 
  125. ↑ “Thomas Lane, Ex-Officer Charged In George Floyd's Death, Leaves Jail After Posting Bond”. 2020년 6월 10일. 2020년 6월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 11일에 확인함. 
  126. ↑ “Attorney for ex-Minneapolis officer involved in George Floyd's death says client is 'not a violent person'”. 2020년 6월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 13일에 확인함. 
  127. ↑ Skluzacek, Josh (2020년 6월 19일). “Another former MPD officer charged in Floyd's death released from jail on bond”. KSTP. 2020년 6월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 6일에 확인함. 
  128. ↑ Xiong, Chao (2020년 7월 4일). “Third fired Minneapolis police officer charged in Floyd death is out of jail”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 7월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 6일에 확인함. 
  129. ↑ Chappell, Bill (2020년 10월 7일). “Former Minneapolis Police Officer Derek Chauvin Is Released On $1 Million Bond”. 《National Public Radio》. 2022년 2월 25일에 확인함. 
  130. ↑ Karnowski, Steve; Forlit, Amy (2020년 6월 2일). “Minneapolis police face civil rights probe over Floyd death”. 《AP News》. 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  131. ↑ “Civil Rights Investigation into Minneapolis Police Department”. 《Community Newsroom, Minnesota Department of Human Rights》. 2020년 6월 3일. 2020년 9월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  132. ↑ Monserud, Andy (2020년 6월 5일). “Minneapolis Bans Police Chokeholds in First Step of Reforms”. 《Courthouse News Service》. 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  133. ↑ “Minneapolis to ban police chokeholds in wake of Floyd death”. 《Minnesota Public Radio News》. Associated Press. 2020년 6월 5일. 2020년 9월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  134. ↑ Villarreal, Daniel (2020년 6월 9일). “County Court Bans Minneapolis Police From Using Chokeholds”. 《Newsweek》. 2020년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  135. ↑ “MPD to adopt 6 immediate changes after court order”. 《FOX 9》. 2020년 6월 8일. 2020년 6월 15일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 15일에 확인함. 
  136. ↑ “Court Orders Minneapolis Police Department to Make Immediate Changes”. 《Minnesota Department of Human Rights》. 2020년 6월 8일. 2021년 5월 2일에 확인함. 
  137. ↑ CNN, Ray Sanchez and Omar Jimenez (2022년 4월 28일). “State probe after George Floyd's killing finds a decade of 'discriminatory, race-based policing' in Minneapolis”. 《CNN》. 2022년 4월 28일에 확인함. 
  138. ↑ KSTP, Kirsten Swanson (2022년 4월 28일). “State report finds Minneapolis Police Department surveilled Black leaders, organizations like Minneapolis NAACP”. 《KSTP.com Eyewitness News》 (미국 영어). 2022년 4월 28일에 확인함. 
  139. ↑ Arango, Tim; Benner, Katie (2021년 2월 23일). “With New Grand Jury, Justice Department Revives Investigation Into Death of George Floyd”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2021년 3월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 9일에 확인함. 
  140. ↑ “Four Former Minneapolis Police Officers Indicted on Federal Civil Rights Charges for Death of George Floyd; Derek Chauvin Also Charged in Separate Indictment for Violating Civil Rights of a Juvenile”. 《United States Department of Justice》 (영어). 2021년 5월 7일. 2021년 11월 29일에 확인함. 
  141. ↑ 가 나 Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa (2021년 5월 7일). “Federal grand jury indicts 4 ex-officers in George Floyd's death”. CNN. 2021년 6월 25일에 확인함. 
  142. ↑ Treisman, Rachel; Dwyer, Colin (2020년 7월 15일). “George Floyd's Family Files Civil Lawsuit Against Minneapolis And Police, Lawyers Say”. NPR. 2020년 7월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 7월 17일에 확인함. 
  143. ↑ Navratil, Liz; Rao, Maya (2021년 3월 12일). “Minneapolis to pay record $27 million to settle lawsuit with George Floyd's family”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 3월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 12일에 확인함. 
  144. ↑ Walsh, Paul (2021년 3월 9일). “First juror is chosen for Derek Chauvin's murder trial as appellate issues loom”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 3월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 3월 9일에 확인함. 
  145. ↑ 가 나 Hayes, Mike; Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Rocha, Veronica (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin trial verdict: Live updates” (영어). CNN. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  146. ↑ Forliti, Amy (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin found guilty in death of George Floyd”. 《CTV News》. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  147. ↑ Haavik, Emily (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin found guilty of murder, manslaughter in death of George Floyd”. 《KARE11.com》. 2021년 5월 5일에 확인함. 
  148. ↑ “Derek Chauvin handcuffed after judge revokes bail following guilty verdict”. Fox 9 News. 2021년 4월 20일. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  149. ↑ Folley, Aris (2021년 4월 20일). “Chauvin taken into custody, bail revoked after jury finds him guilty of all charges in trial”. 《The Hill》. 2021년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  150. ↑ Walsh, Paul (2021년 5월 12일). “Judge's ruling echoes prosecution's points, setting stage for Chauvin getting longer sentence”. 2021년 5월 12일에 확인함. 
  151. ↑ Arando, Tim (2021년 4월 20일). “Derek Chauvin faces three charges. Here's how his sentencing could unfold.”. 《The New York Times》. 2021년 5월 13일에 확인함. 
  152. ↑ Chappell, Bill (2022년 4월 27일). “Derek Chauvin appeals his conviction for George Floyd's murder”. 《NPR》 (영어). 2022년 4월 27일에 확인함. 
  153. ↑ 가 나 다 Galioto, Katie (2021년 12월 4일). “St. Paul to host federal civil rights trial for ex-Minneapolis cops in Floyd's death”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 12월 4일에 확인함. 
  154. ↑ Yancey-Bragg, N'dea (2021년 9월 14일). “Former Minneapolis police officers plead not guilty to violating George Floyd's civil rights”. 《USA Today》. 2021년 9월 14일에 확인함. 
  155. ↑ Mannix, Andy (2021년 12월 13일). “Derek Chauvin to change plea in federal civil rights case”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 12월 13일에 확인함. 
  156. ↑ Collins, Jon (2022년 1월 24일). “The federal trial begins for 3 other officers at the scene of George Floyd's murder”. 《NPR》 (영어). 2022년 1월 26일에 확인함. 
  157. ↑ “Fence erected around St. Paul federal courthouse ahead of former Minneapolis officers' trial”. 《KSTP-TV》. 2022년 1월 4일. 2022년 1월 4일에 확인함. 
  158. ↑ “3 other cops in George Floyd death to stand trial this month”. 《Star Tribune》. 2022년 1월 6일. 2022년 1월 6일에 확인함. 
  159. ↑ Bailey, Holly (2022년 1월 24일). “Opening statements begin in federal trial over George Floyd's killing”. 《Washington Post》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0190-8286. 2022년 1월 24일에 확인함. 
  160. ↑ Allen, Jonathan (2022년 1월 24일). “Three Minneapolis ex-police officers were indifferent to George Floyd's pleas, jury told”. 《Reuters》. 
  161. ↑ 가 나 Arango, Tim; Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas; Senter, Jay (2022년 2월 24일). “3 Former Officers Are Convicted of Violating George Floyd’s Civil Rights”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2022년 2월 28일에 확인함. 
  162. ↑ “Minneapolis police trainer takes stand for third day in trial over Floyd killing”. 《Courthouse News Service》. 2022년 1월 31일. 
  163. ↑ Olson, Rob (2022년 2월 1일). “MPD federal trial: Testimony from police trainer enters 3rd day”. 《FOX 9》. 
  164. ↑ Olson, Rochelle; Mannix, Andy (2022년 2월 2일). “Trial of ex-Minneapolis cops postponed by COVID diagnosis”. 《Star Tribune》. 
  165. ↑ “Trial of 3 ex-cops in Floyd killing to resume after COVID pause”. 《MPR News》. 2022년 2월 7일. 
  166. ↑ Karnowski, Steve (2022년 2월 8일). “Police medical trainer faults officers in Floyd's killing”. 《Associated Press》. 2022년 2월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 2월 22일에 확인함. 
  167. ↑ Karnowski, Steve; Webber, Tammy (2022년 2월 7일). “Lung expert: Officers could have saved George Floyd's life”. 《Associated Press》. 2022년 2월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 2월 16일에 확인함. 
  168. ↑ Pagones, Stephanie (2022년 2월 14일). “George Floyd death: Minneapolis police officers' conduct 'inconsistent' with department policy, expert says”. 《Yahoo!》. 
  169. ↑ 가 나 Sandberg, Diane; Fischer, Samantha (2022년 2월 14일). “Prosecution rests after testimony from Darnella Frazier in federal trial of former Minneapolis officers”. 《Kare》. 
  170. ↑ “Tou Thao Testifies In His Own Defense”. 《CBS Minnesota》. 2022년 2월 15일. 
  171. ↑ Niemeyer, Kenneth (2022년 2월 15일). “Ex-cop Tou Thao testifies that he wasn't aware that George Floyd was having significant medical problems”. 《Insider》. 
  172. ↑ 가 나 Karnowski, Steve; Webber, Tammy (2022년 2월 15일). “Officer says he assumed fellow cops were caring for Floyd”. 《Associated Press》. 
  173. ↑ “Ex-Cop Tou Thao Testifies in Federal Trial – Charged with Violating George Floyd's Civil Rights – He "had no idea" Floyd Was In Medical Distress”. 《Emily Cottontop》. 2022년 2월 17일. 
  174. ↑ Karnowski, Steve; 외. (2022년 2월 23일). “Prosecutor: 3 cops in Floyd killing 'chose to do nothing'”. 《Associated Press》. 2022년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 2월 24일에 확인함. 
  175. ↑ Olsen, Rochelle; Mannix, Andy (2022년 2월 24일). “Ex-Minneapolis officers guilty on all civil rights charges related to George Floyd's death”. 《Star Tribune》. 2022년 2월 24일에 확인함. 
  176. ↑ Hutchinson, Bill; 외. (2022년 2월 24일). “Federal jury convicts former cops involved in George Floyd's death”. 《ABC News》. 2022년 2월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 2월 25일에 확인함. 
  177. ↑ Olson, Rochelle; Mannix, Andy (2022년 2월 25일). “After guilty verdict for ex-Minneapolis officers, prison sentences, state trial's fate hangs in balance”. 《Star Tribune》. 2022년 2월 25일에 확인함. 
  178. ↑ Xiong, Chao (2021년 5월 13일). “State trial postponed to March 2022 for ex-officers charged with aiding and abetting murder in George Floyd death”. 《Star Tribune》. 2021년 5월 13일에 확인함. 
  179. ↑ Silverstein, Jason (2021년 6월 4일). “The global impact of George Floyd: How Black Lives Matter protests shaped movements around the world”. 《CBS News》. 2021년 6월 4일에 확인함. 
  180. ↑ Burch, Audra D. S.; Cai, Weiyi; Gianordoli, Gabriel; McCarthy, Morrigan; Patel, Jugal K. (2020년 6월 13일). “How Black Lives Matter Reached Every Corner of America”. 《The New York Times》. ISSN 0362-4331. 2020년 6월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 14일에 확인함. 
  181. ↑ Luscombe, Richard; Ho, Vivian (2020년 6월 7일). “George Floyd protests enter third week as push for change sweeps America”. 《The Guardian》 (영국 영어). ISSN 0261-3077. 2020년 6월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 14일에 확인함. 
  182. ↑ Lovett, Ian (2020년 6월 4일). “1992 Los Angeles Riots: How the George Floyd Protests Are Different”. 《The Wall Street Journal》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0099-9660. 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  183. ↑ Betz, Bradford (2020년 5월 31일). “George Floyd unrest: Riots, fires, violence escalate in several major cities” (미국 영어). Fox News. 2020년 6월 1일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 1일에 확인함. 
  184. ↑ “Widespread unrest as curfews defied across US”. 《BBC News》 (영국 영어). 2020년 5월 31일. 2020년 6월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 7일에 확인함. 
  185. ↑ Kindy, Kimberly; Jacobs, Shayna; Farenthold, David (2020년 6월 5일). “In protests against police brutality, videos capture more alleged police brutality”. 《The Washington Post》 (영어). 2020년 6월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 6일에 확인함. 
  186. ↑ Taylor, Derrick Bryson (2020년 6월 8일). “George Floyd Protests: A Timeline”. 《The New York Times》 (미국 영어). ISSN 0362-4331. 2020년 6월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 9일에 확인함. 
  187. ↑ Norwood, Candice (2020년 6월 9일). “'Optics matter.' National Guard deployments amid unrest have a long and controversial history”. PBS NewsHour. 2020년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함. 
  188. ↑ Warren, Katy; Hadden, Joey (2020년 6월 4일). “How all 50 states are responding to the George Floyd protests, from imposing curfews to calling in the National Guard”. 《Business Insider》. 2020년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 8일에 확인함. 
  189. ↑ Sternlicht, Alexandra. “Over 4,400 Arrests, 62,000 National Guard Troops Deployed: George Floyd Protests By The Numbers”. 《Forbes》 (영어). 2020년 6월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 13일에 확인함. 
  190. ↑ 가 나 Woltman, Nick (2020년 5월 29일). “Minneapolis police precinct abandoned, torched; on Twitter, Trump threatens 'thugs'”. 《St. Paul Pioneer Press》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  191. ↑ Lee, ArLuther (2020년 6월 6일). “Police deny link to mysterious Umbrella Man, who broke windows”. 《The Atlanta Journal-Constitution》. 
  192. ↑ Adams, Biba (2020년 5월 29일). “Masked white man vandalizing Minneapolis AutoZone raises suspicion”. 《The Grio》 (Entertainment Studios). 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  193. ↑ Porterfield, Carlie (2020년 5월 30일). “Who Is 'Umbrella Man'? Mystery Vandal At Minneapolis Riot Spurs Conspiracy Theories”. 《Forbes》. 2020년 6월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 3일에 확인함. 
  194. ↑ 인용 오류: <ref> 태그가 잘못되었습니다; hundreds라는 이름을 가진 주석에 텍스트가 없습니다
  195. ↑ 가 나 “How US police responded differently to protesters demanding justice for George Floyd and anti-lockdown rallies”. 《SBS News》. 2020년 5월 29일. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 30일에 확인함. 
  196. ↑ Zhou, Li; Amaria, Kainaz (2020년 5월 27일). “These photos capture the stark contrast in police response to the George Floyd protests and the anti-lockdown protests”. 《Vox》. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 30일에 확인함. 
  197. ↑ “Black Lives Matter on Twitter "Biden is currently sending more military equipment to our neighborhoods than Trump did. You read that right. Our communities are being terrorized at a greater rate than they had been under Trump." / Twitter” (영어). 2021년 4월 21일에 확인함 – Twitter 경유. 
  198. ↑ Naughtie, Andrew (2020년 5월 29일). “George Floyd death: Tweet showing difference between Michigan and Minneapolis protests goes viral”. 《The Independent》. 2020년 5월 28일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 30일에 확인함. 
  199. ↑ “Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey Addresses City In The Middle Of Night Of Violence”. 《CBS Minnesota》. 2020년 5월 29일. 2020년 5월 29일에 확인함. 
  200. ↑ “Local businesses damaged by unrest await state aid”. 《www.msn.com》. 2021년 12월 19일에 확인함. 
  201. ↑ Penrod, Josh; Sinner, C.J. (2020년 5월 31일). “Businesses damaged in Minneapolis, St. Paul after riots”. 《Star Tribune》. 2020년 5월 29일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 5월 31일에 확인함. 
  202. ↑ “Over 500 National Guard soldiers activated to amid protests regarding George Floyd's death; Frey declares state of emergency in Minneapolis”. KSTP. 2020년 5월 28일. 2020년 5월 30일에 확인함. 


인용 오류: "lower-alpha"이라는 이름을 가진 그룹에 대한 <ref> 태그가 존재하지만, 이에 대응하는 <references group="lower-alpha" /> 태그가 없습니다

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